This document discusses the role of community media in participatory communication for development. It outlines the evolution of development approaches from modernization to dependency to multiplicity. Participatory development in the 1990s emphasized equitable access to resources, sustainability, knowledge dissemination, and participation. Community media are seen as drivers of participatory communication by operating through social appropriation rather than commercial or state logic. The conclusion emphasizes that participation must extend beyond communication to transform social practices.

1. Participatory communication for development in practice:
the case of community media
Roskilde, June 2011
Prf. Dr. Víctor Manuel Marí Sáez
Universidad de Cádiz (España)
victor.mari@uca.es

2. 1. The genealogy of the term “development”.
2. The different stages that development has gone trough.
3. The central role played by participation.
4. The role of community media.
5. Conclusions.

3. The controversial and polysemic concept of development
1. It is a historical concept.
2. It is also a future-bound category.

5. Development and communication for development models
Servaes (2003) proposes three phases in the modern history of
development:
1. Modernization (from 1945 to 1965).
Modernization = to transfer of technology and of a sociopolitical culture
from developed societies to traditional societies.
The media and information technologies are a means towards the
Diffusion of Innovations (Everett Rogers)

7. Development and communication for development models
2. The dependency approach (from 1965 until the mid-1980s).
Modernization processes built development in the center at the
expense of exporting underdevelopment to the periphery.
Sub-development in many countries is the historical consequence of
the development of “the few”, the minority (Eduardo Galeano)

9. Development and communication for development models
Inspired by Paulo Freire's ideas, a new critical understanding of
communication was articulated in Latin America:
1. Overall change in the social structure...
2. Technological advancements do not lead to development per se.
3. Communication does not naturally engender national development.

10. Development and communication for development models
3. The multiplicity approach (from the 1980s to date).
This new conceptualization of development emphasizes cultural
identity and multidimensionality.
But...and excessive emphasis on culture might lead to escapist
positions that neglect the political and structural dimensions of
communication (Erik Neveu and Armand Mattelart, 2004)

11. PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT AND PARTICIPATORY
COMMUNICATION IN THE 1990s
According to Hamelink, the characteristics of “human development”
are:
1. Equitable access to resources.
2. Sustainable resources and institutions.
3. The procurement and dissemination ok knowledge aimed at
rendering human beings responsible.
4. Participation.

12. Information vs Communication

13. COMMUNITY MEDIA AS DRIVERS OF PARTICIPATORY
COMMUNICATION FOR DEVELOPMENT
For Freire, praxis implies reflection upon and action on the world in
order to transform it.
The concept of community media goes beyond the instrumental and
technological connotations of the term.

14. COMMUNITY MEDIA AS DRIVERS OF PARTICIPATORY
COMMUNICATION FOR DEVELOPMENT
In the face of the mercantilistic logic characteristic of the commercial
media and of state intervention through the govermmental-public
media, community media operate as from the logic of social
appropriation (Sénécal, 1986).

15. CONCLUSIONS
One of the purposes has been to highlight the strategic relevance of
participation.
Participatory communication for development gained momentum in the
1990s, but cannot be fully understood without linking it back to the so-
called Freirean Connection.
Participation must to beyond the boundaries of the communicational
and technological field and imbue the entirely of transformative social
practices connected to communicational initiatives.