Victoria Building Analyze-Report

Comprehensive and Integrated Building Analysis
The Chang School of Continuing Education – IPLAN Architecture
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Project Scope
1.2. Project Team
1.3. Project Approach
1.4.
VICTORIA BUILDING
285 Victoria Street Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W1
IPLAN Cohort 11
Group 2
Riddhi Desai
Ghazal Fateh
Janice Aruelo
Kola Akinyemi
CKAR205/CKAR310/CKAR785
Final Group Project
August 10, 2016

Comprehensive and Integrated Building Analysis
The Chang School of Continuing Education – IPLAN Architecture
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 1
Project scope, team and approach
2. GENERAL PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW 2 - 3
Assigned building, location, brief history, building timeline and analysis scope
3. ONTARIO BUILDING CODES AND REGULATIONS 4 - 7
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Compliance and General
3.3. Building Classification
3.4. Building Fire Safety
3.5. Safety within Floor Areas
3.6. Exits
3.7. Plumbing Fixtures
3.8. Barrier-Free Requirements
3.9. Barrier-Free Design
3.10. Conclusion
4. MATERIALS AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION 8 - 11
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Structural Components
4.3. Building Enclosure or Envelope
4.4. Interior Components
4.5. Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
4.6. Conclusion
5. BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (REVIT) 12 - 15
5.1. Introduction
5.2. BIM Definition
5.3. Strategic Documentation Approach
5.4. Worksharing
5.5. Worksets
5.6. Challenges and Solution
5.7. Conclusion
6. OVERALL CONCLUSION 16
7. REFERENCES 17
APPENDIX

1Comprehensive and Integrated Building Analysis
IPLAN Cohort 11 Group 2 – Victoria Building of Ryerson University
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Project Scope
The assignment calls for a comprehensive and integrated building analysis of
selected buildings in the campus of Ryerson University. The objective is to evaluate and
analyze assigned building applying knowledge gained from the program including
technical courses covered in the IPLAN program, namely, Ontario Building Code and
Regulations, Materials and Methods of Construction and Building Information Modelling
in Revit in North American standards in a collaborative work environment.
1.2. Project Team
IPLAN Cohort 11 Group 2, a team of diversely skilled members, demonstrated
diligence and enthusiasm in contribution of idea, knowledge and resources from
beginning until project completion.
Riddhi Desai
Project Manager
Janice Aruelo
Materials and
MethodsGhazal Fateh
Ontario Building
Code
Kola Akinyemi
BIM/Revit Manager
1.3. Project Approach
A meeting initiated as soon as the assigned Ryerson building was confirmed. First,
by familiarizing with the project scope based on the building package information
provided, next was assessment of members’ skills and lastly, delegation of
responsibilities. A follow-up meeting was held to discuss further the project details
focusing on items that needs to be prioritized based on the outlined checklist prepared
by the project manager in reference to the final assignment criteria provided by the
instructors.
The group arranged a site visit to document the current condition of the building
and began working on assigned responsibilities – Ontario Building Code and
Regulations, Materials and Methods of Construction, and Building Information Modelling
in Revit.
The group carefully handled correspondence and organized weekly meetings to
work closely together, and coordinate each member’s inquiry and progress that
resulted in to a very efficient approach in the development and improvement of the
project.

2. GENERAL PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW
2.1. Assigned Building and Location
Victoria Building (former Business Building) is located in the campus hub of Ryerson
University at 285 Victoria Street Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W1. The building is beside the
university’s Chang School of Continuing Education.
2.2. Brief History
Victoria building is situated in the old O’Keefe Brewery company plant in Toronto,
Ontario which grew and prospered with Canada for 121 years from 1846 to 19671. The
brewery started small by Thomas Carling in 1840 at London, Ontario then operation was
handed over several times under different ownerships up until it was Eugene O’Keefe
who made a significant role in the advancement of the brewery in 1862.
On the same year Eugene O’Keefe purchased the old Victoria Brewery in Toronto
which was then improved and named O’Keefe Brewery Company of Toronto.
In 1946 - 1948, the building was built as part of the brewery by the architectural
draftsman and designer Alexander M. Dremin. The old façade characteristic depicts
Art Deco2 style. It was the regional office of the brewery bottling plant for years then
became the old business school building. In 1966 the building was acquired by Ryerson
Institute of Technology (former name of Ryerson University) and was renovated in 1967
by R.G. Watson Co. Ltd. Consulting Engineering and it became the faculty of business
until 2006.
2.3. Victoria Building at Present
Addition and improvements have been made to the building to adapt with the
programme of the school from time of acquisition up to present. (See Figure 2.a.)
Figure 2.a. O’Keefe Brewery in 1950 from Ryerson Archives (left), Marker on the current building (center) and
currently named Victoria Building of Ryerson University (right). Toronto. Photographs by authors. 2016.
1 As stated on the marker found at the main entrance of Victoria building during site survey group visit
2 Also called Style Moderne, a decorative arts and architecture movement originated in the 1920s. It’s
name, Art Deco, was derived from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriel Modernes,
held in Paris in 1925 (Britannica)

The building is named Victoria that currently functions both administrative and
education building of the university. It houses the university’s Campus Facilities +
Sustainability office and several classrooms, laboratories and study rooms.
2.4. Building Timeline (From O’Keefe Brewery to Victoria Building)
The timeline is based on the building package received from Ryerson.
Year Events
O’Keefe Brewery Company of Toronto
1946 – 1952 New Bottling Building
1961 Addition of 2nd Floor to the Shipping Building (former name of Ryerson
University School of Image Arts)
Business Building of Ryerson Institute of Technology (former name of Ryerson
University)
1966 Ryerson acquired the building
1967 – 1977 Renovation of the building
1967 Automatic Sprinkler System, mostly, electrical and mechanical
improvements
1974 Mechanical and electrical alteration at 6th Floor
1981 Mechanical and electrical alteration at Hospitality and Tourism LAB 312
(Victoria Building as former Business Building)
1983 Alteration at Satellite Computer Terminal Room B-402 and 403 A
1984 Mechanical and electrical alteration at 4th Floor Rooms 405 and 406
1985 Mechanical and electrical alteration at 7th Floor General Office
1987 Alteration at 7th Floor Rooms 700, 701, 702 and 704
2001 Survey of Business Building (Topography and Site Survey)
2006 Faculty of Business moved to Bay Street
Ryerson University
2006 – present Victoria Building
2.5. Building Analysis Scope
The existing building condition analysis and evaluation was based on knowledge
and understanding of the following:
 Fire protection, occupant safety and accessibility requirements of the 2012
Ontario Building Code O.Reg 191/14.
 Materials and methods of construction in North American standards through
comprehensive documentation in Revit in a collaborative work environment.
 The use of proper terminology is essential in both group’s written and oral report.
Through the comprehensive and integrated building analysis the group would be
able to determine potential building upgrades and recommendations for the
improvement of the building programme in reference to the code and its materials and
methods of construction.

3. ONTARIO BUILDING CODES AND REGULATIONS
3.1. Introduction:
Victoria Building was constructed in 1946 based on the first National Code of Canada
(1941). Building renovation for change of use was accomplished in previous
construction and building addition on North side in accordance with the first Canadian
National Fire Code (1963) in 1966.3
Building structure is reinforced poured concrete (noncombustible) and building
addition was constructed in similar type of foundation and of steel frame and columns
which are covered with concrete (noncombustible).
3.2. Compliance and General
3.2.1. OBC Map: (Division A, Part1) Division B parts 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 12 are
applicable to the building.
3.2.2. Major Occupancy: A2 (Assembly, Group 2) (Division B, Article 2.1.2.1.)
3.2.3. Subsidiary Occupancy: D (Business & Personal Services) (Division B, Article 2.1.2.1.)
3.2.4. Building Area: 1483 m2 (Division A, Article 1.4.1.2.)
3.2.5. Building Height: 8 storeys (Division A, Article 1.4.1.2.)
3.3. Building Classification: (See Appendix)
Figure 3.a. Analysis & Classification based on Part 11
3 Historical Editions of the National Construction Codes (1941-1998)
Fire Resistance Rating of Previous Building (Table 11.2.1.1.A.)
Basement= 2h Floors= 2h Roof= 1h
Construction Index (CI) =7 , non-combustible
Occupancy and Hazard Index (HI)
Previous Building (F2) Current Building (A2)
Basement to
2th
Floor
3th
to 8th
Floor
Basement to
6th
Floor
7th
to 8th
Floor
F2 , HI=5
Table
11.2.1.1.N(1)
D , HI=6
Table
11.2.1.1.J(1)
A2 , HI=7
Table
11.2.1.1.C(1)
D ,HI=6
Table
11.2.1.1.J(1)
Occupancy load =1715 Occupancy load =2976
Conclusion: Reduction in Performance Level
Division B, 11.4.2.3. (1):
Increasing occupancy >15%,
change of major occupancy
Early warning and
evacuation systems
required -Table 11.4.3.3.
Division B,
Article11.4.3.1.:CI=HI
No Upgrade Required
Division B, Article 11.3.2.1 Extended portion shall
comply with all other Parts
Additional Part
Pervious Building

Figure 3.b. Classification Based on Part 3
Major Occupancy
Division B Article 3.2.2.23. A2, Any Height, Any Area, Sprinklered, Noncombustible
Subsidiary Occupancy
Division B Article 3.2.2.49. D, Any Height, Any Area, Noncombustible
3.4. Building Fire Safety (See Appendix)
3.4.1. Fire Separations and Fire Resistance Rating
Figure 3.c. Fire separations & fire resistance rating which are applicable
3.4.2. Fire damper:
(Division B, Clause 3.1.8.8(4)): Waved
3.4.3. Doors’ Requirements: (Division B, 3.1.8.) Maximum openings, Twenty-minute
closures, maximum area of wired glass, self-clothing devices, hold up devices, door
latches comply with code.
3.4.4. Occupant Load :( Division B, Article 3.1.l7.1)
Total occupancy load above 1st Floor =2378 Person
Total occupancy load =2976 Person
3.4.5. Fire Alarm and Detection Systems: Based on Division B Clause 3.2.4.1. (2) has been
provided
3.4.6. Spatial Separation and Exposure Protection: (Division B, 3.2.3.) The area of
unprotected openings in an exposing building face, increasing the required limiting
distance for the east exposing building face, doubling the maximum area of
unprotected openings in west and east exposing building face, fire-resistance rating
and type of construction and cladding for exposing faces of buildings or fire
compartments comply with code.
FS Location FRR
Reference
(Division B)
Closure FPR
(Division B,
3.1.8.4.)
a Basement 2h
3.2.1.4 & 3.2.1.5 &
3.2.2.23.(2)
b Floors 2 h
3.2.2.23.(2) &
3.2.2.49.(2)
-
c
Load barring
Walls&
column
2 h
3.2.2.23.(2)&
3.2.2.49.(2)
1.5 h
d Roof 1 h 3.2.2.49.(2) -
e Exit Shaft 2 h 3.4.4.(1) 1.5h
f Elevator Shaft 1.5 h 3.5.3.1. 1 h
g vertical Shaft 1 h 3.6.3.1. 45 min
Service Rooms 1 h 3.6.2.1.(1) 45 min
Electrical
Equipment
Vaults
2 h 3.6.2.7.(10) 1.5h
Emergency
Power
Installations
1h 3.6.2.8.(1)(a) 45 min
Janitors’
Room
1h 3.3.1.20(1) 45min
a
d
c
b
e
f
g

Figure 3.d. Spatial Separation and Exposure Protection Analysis
3.4.7. Provisions for Firefighting :( Division B, 3.2.5.) Direct access to above grade storeys,
floor level and roof, fire access route, water supply and fire department connection
comply with code.
3.4.8. Additional Requirements for High Buildings: (Division B, Subclause 3.2.6.1. (1)(a)(ii))
the building is not considered as high building
Total occupant load above 1st Floor = 2378 ÷ (1.8 x 6.60 m) = 200 < 300
(1.8 X all exit stair width in meters)
3.4.9. Lighting and Emergency Power System: Compliance with Division B, Article 3.2.7.4.
has been provided
3.4.10. Standpipe Systems: Compliance with Division B, clause 3.2.9.1. (1) has been
provided
3.5. Safety within Floor Areas: (See Appendix) Figure 3.f. Analysis of Travel Distance
3.5.1. All Floor Areas: (Division B,
3.3.1.) Means of egress, egress
doorways, travel distance within
rooms, capacity of access to exit,
glazed doors and panels comply with
codes however some rooms in dead
end corridors do not comply with
code.
Figure 3.g. Analysis of Exit and Access to Exit Width
Elevation L H Area LD %UPO FR Cladding Construction
Permitted
UPO m2
Existing
UPO m2
South 31.5 35.5 1118 0 0 1h NC NC 0 0
North 31.5 39.5 1244 0 0 1h NC NC 0 0
west 49.7 35.8 1810 10 14 1h NC NC/C 253.4 x 2 288.5
East-1 32.7 35.8 1170 6 9 1h NC NC 105 x2
335.2
East-2 16 35.8 572 9 19 1h NC NC/C 108 x2
Occupancy TD within Rooms TD
within
Floor
One Egress
Doorway
Two Egress
Doorway
Group A2 (not
sprinklered)
15m 30m 30m
Group
A2(sprinklered)
25m 45m 45m
Group D (not
sprinklered)
25m 40m 40m
Occupancy Max Occupancy
Load Per Floor
Min Access to
Exit Width Per
Each Exit
Existing Access to
Exit Width
Min Exit Width
Per Each Exit
Existing Exit
Width(mm)
Group A2 485(2rd
Floor) 1476mm 2400mm- 4800 mm 2,231mm Exit 1 : 3000
Exit 2 : 3600Group D 169(7rd
Floor) 1100mm Min 1100 mm 1100 mm
Figure 3.e.
Site Analysis of
Fire provision

3.5.2. Assembly Occupancy (Division B 3.3.2.) is
applicable.
3.6. Exits: (See Appendix)
(Division B Article 3.4.2. to 5) Number and location
of exits from floor areas, width and height of exits,
corridors, egress doors, exit doors, exit signs are
applicable with code however integrity of exits in
basement do not comply with code
3.7. Plumbing Fixtures (See Appendix)
(Division B 3.7.4.) existing plumbing fixtures are more
than what is required by code based on
calculation considerations.
3.8. Barrier-Free Requirements (See Appendix)
(Division B Article 3.3.1.7) barrier free path of travel is
applicable with code but the building does not
comply with code in terms of dividing the building in
two zones by fire separation.
3.9. Barrier Free Design (See Appendix)
(Division B 3.8.) Entrances, elevators, path of
travel, width of doorways and doors, wheelchair
space, adaptable seating, water closet and
lavatories comply with code, however number
and location of barrier free washrooms and
universal washrooms do not comply with code
and accessible signs required to indicate
location of barrier free washroom in floors are
not provided.
3.10 Conclusion (See Appendix)
Regarding current building renovation using
several subsequent Building Code editions,
existing building does not comply with some
parts of the current Ontario Building Code as
listed below:
 Building is not sprinklered above grade floor
 Glass doors in basement and 7th & 8th floor
are not readily apparent, by permanent
fixture.
 Rooms 610,610A, 607A do not have another
egress access other than dead end corridor
access
 The Storage/Service opening in basement at
north exit stair decreases integrity of exit stair.
 Universal washrooms are one less than what is required by code.
 Barrier-free washrooms do not comply with the numbers and locations
 The building has not been divided in two zones as required by code in terms of fire
separation
Additionally, some code requirements have been neglected in terms of building
management such as:
 Sprinklered system in basement has been closed in corridor area.
 Furniture has been left in exit stairs which is considered as obstruction in means of
egress.
Figure 3.i. Analysis of Barrier Free Design
Figure 3.h. Means of Egress Analysis

4. MATERIALS AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
4.1. Introduction
Concrete became one of the popular building materials in Canada from the late 19th
century to present. Victoria building is primarily designed of reinforced concrete
components down from the foundation up to the roof. The building is adjacent to two
buildings on both sides – at North, is the Chang School of Continuing Education and at
South, the Toronto Public Health. (See Figure 3.e.)
4.2. Structural Components (See Figure 4.a.)
The foundation of the
previous building is reinforced
poured concrete wall on
footing. Design criteria was
based on dry hard clay soil
pressure on footings being
8,000 per sq. inch, full live load,
dead load and wind load
(calculation based on East –
West wind direction) with
approximately 10% higher
allowance for future building
loads. Rectangular concrete
columns are reinforced with
vertical steel bars in circular
and rectangular pattern with
conventional column ties. The
floor and roof slabs were
designed following a two-way
framing system. Underneath
the building addition, the
foundation was designed to
match the existing. Steel frame
system was used to support the
additional staircase and
elevator shafts. Precast
concrete roof slab was placed
on top of the addition.
Inside the previous building,
a second staircase was added
wherein existing concrete slabs
and beams were cut using a
saw with carborundum blade
to create a precise opening.
Both stair assemblies are of
steel with precast terrazzo
threads with abrasive edge
inserts and steel railings.
Figure 4.a. Structural Component Diagram. Illustration by authors.
2016

4.3. Building Enclosure or Envelope (See Figure 4.b.)
Along Victoria street, the exterior wall assembly of the previous building is of warm
tone Indiana limestone over 8” concrete masonry blocks from 2nd floor up to parapet.
The podium wall was refinished with 4” precast concrete panels to match the addition.
Figure 4.b. Victoria Building Front Façade Components. Illustration by authors. 2016

The rear façade of the building is of bricks over 8” concrete masonry blocks. The
same exterior finish was applied on rear portion of the building addition. (See Figure 4.c.)
Figure 4.c. Victoria Building Rear Façade Components. Illustration by authors. 2016

The roof is flat sloping towards
drains located in the building. Built-
up roof over reinforced concrete
roof slab was applied on the
previous building supported by
reinforced concrete beams and
girders. On the addition, Built-up
roof over 1” insulation over 4 ½”
precast concrete slab supported by
steel frame. (See Figure 4.d.)
Mechanical equipment is housed
in the penthouse and portions of the
roof. Figure 4.d. Flat Roof Diagram. Illustration by authors. 2016
4.4. Interior Components
Figure 4.e. Interior Components. Illustration by authors. 2016
4.5. Heating, Ventilating and Air
Conditioning (HVAC)
The building is supplied with
conventional HVAC system which
provides cool air during warm
months and warm air during cold
months. The building is also supplied
with wall base or perimeter type
heating units that work during cold
months. (See Figure 4.f.) Figure 4.f. HVAC Diagram. Illustration by authors.2016
4.6. Conclusion
Victoria Building is sturdy and was solidly built to lasts for years. However, there are
visible signs of damage and deterioration, mostly in the interior components of the
building that needed repair or, even better, needed upgrade to stay current. On the
exterior, re-cladding of the out dated rear façade would be another recommendation
for renovation in the future to blend with the character of adjacent and surrounding
buildings of the campus. (See Appendix for survey photos and Overall Conclusion for proposed
concept rendering of Rear Façade in Revit)

5. BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (REVIT)
5.1. Introduction
The documentation of the information and analysis of the building in reference with
the code and materials and methods were realized through the use of Revit in a
collaborative work environment.
5.2. BIM Definition
As defined by Parsons Brinckerhoff, BIM is an acronym for Building Information
Modelling or Building Information Model.
It is a process of designing a building collaboratively using one coherent system of
computer models rather than as separate sets of drawings. (See Figure 5.a.)
 It offers enormous gains in saving in cost and time,
 Much greater accuracy in estimation, and the
 Avoidance of error, alterations and rework due to information loss.
BIM is …
“A digital representation
of physical and functional
characteristics of a
facility… and a shared
knowledge resource for
information about a
facility forming a reliable
basis for decisions during
its life-cycle; defined as
existing from earliest
conception to
demolition.” (Parsons
Brinckerhoff) Figure 5.a. BIM Collaborative Environment. Illustration by authors inspired
by BIM web diagram. 2016.
5.3. Strategic Documentation Approach
After the initial meeting and investigation, the Revit manager presented the strategy
process of the group to document the current condition of the building using Revit.
Factors considered were knowledge gained from lecture sessions in the Revit course
emphasizing on Worksharing and Worksets.
5.4. Worksharing
The advantages of Worksharing as described by Autodesk,
 Distributes Revit parametric building modeling environment across the project
team.
 Provides a complete range of collaboration modes from entirely on-the-fly,
simultaneous access to the shared model, through the formal division of the
project into discrete shared units, to complete separation of project elements or
systems into individually managed linked models.
 Allows the team to choose the best way to collaborate and interact based on
their workflow and the project requirements.

Figure 5.b. Developing the model and using CAD Link. Illustration
by authors. Revit. 2016.
The Revit manager, created a
central file to allow the team
to work on the model
considering appropriate
Worksets. The Revit manager
initially documented the
building envelope linking
AutoCAD files from the building
package and eventually the
team worked together to
develop and improve the
model for the analysis using
gathered information. (See
Figure 5.b.)
5.5. Worksets
Setting-up Worksets is a useful feature of Revit when working on large and complex
projects in a collaborative work environment. It divides the model into parts allowing
group members to work in sections. (See Figure 5.c.)
Figure 5.c. Worksets and Architectural Drawings. Screenshot by authors. Revit. 2016

5.6. Challenges and Solution
In every situation challenges are encountered and unavoidable. The group strive to
work together to address and resolve the following challenges:
 Information from the current AutoCAD drawings are not sufficient to complete the
model. The group did site survey visits to verify essential information needed for the
project and also made assumptions regarding information not verified due to
insufficient access to resources.
 Revit components and views are being deleted unintentionally especially when
working online in Vapps. As a solution, the group decided to work together on the
Revit model more in the school laboratories rather than online.
Figure 5.d. Victoria Building Exterior Rendering at Main Entrance (along
Victoria Street). Illustration by authors. Revit. 2016.
Figure 5.e. Custom Components for
the Exterior Façade. Illustration by
authors. Revit. 2016.
Figure 5.f. Victoria Building 3D Views of Sections - Rendering. Illustration by authors. Revit. 2016.

Figure 5.g. Victoria Building Interior Renderings (top to bottom) – Main Lobby, Elevator Lobby, Tiered Classroom,
Computer Lab 404A and Room 610A. The group created component families such as furniture, doors, windows
and other custom content for the model. Illustration by authors. Revit. 2016.
5.7. Conclusion
Revit is not only a software for generating plans and models of new construction but
is also a valuable tool in working on analysis of existing buildings similar to the final
assignment. Appropriate building maintenance and future upgrades could be
determined through proper documentation of the existing building condition using
Revit.
Engaging in Worksharing introduced an appropriate strategic group approach and
created an opportunity to work collaboratively as a team in realizing the
comprehensive and integrated building analysis project. (See Appendix for plans and
drawings created in Revit 2016)

6. OVERALL CONCLUSION
As an overall conclusion, the group recommends consideration of future building
upgrade of the current programme by taking into account codes and regulations
compliance as well as updating the facilities of the building using current materials and
innovative approach in creating an environment that encourages and promotes
learning. Part of the recommendation is to re-face the existing Rear façade, preserving
the bike mural along the podium, to blend with the adjacent and surrounding buildings
of Ryerson (Chang School of Continuing Education beside the building and School of
Imaging Arts across). (See Figure 6.a.)
Figure 6.a. Rear Façade Re-facing Concept with Metal Cladding using Revit to generate the proposed model.
Illustration by authors. Revit. 2016.
By engaging in the development of the comprehensive and integrated building
analysis project, the group established knowledge and appreciation of North American
standards in terms of building codes and regulations, materials and methods of
construction and documentation of gathered information with the use of Revit. The
final assignment was also an opportunity to encourage creativity among students and
simulate a work environment in a collaborative approach.

7. REFERENCES
Victoria Building package from Ryerson University
Ryerson Library Archives – History of Victoria Building
Prints/ Publications
Ontario Building Code Compendium O.Reg 191/14 - Vol. 1 and 2
Fundamentals of Building Construction by Edward Allen and Joseph Iano
Autodesk Revit Architecture 2015 No Experience Required Edition by Eric Wing
Websites
History
http://www.ryerson.ca/content/dam/about/masterplan/masterplan_pt1.pdf
http://news.library.ryerson.ca/asc/2011/06/feature-from-the-collections-looking-back-
at-the-history-of-the-image-arts-building/
https://blackcreekbrewery.wordpress.com/2010/11/03/history-byte-o%E2%80%99keefe-
co-%E2%80%99s-brewery/
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/architectural-history-1914-1967/
https://www.britannica.com/art/Art-Deco
Ontario Building Code and Regulations
http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/publications/codes_centre/historical_codes.html
Materials and Methods
http://www.canadabuildingmaterials.com/en-ca/Pages/Company/History.aspx
http://www.nortonabrasives.com/en-us
https://buildingscience.com/
http://murallocator.org/2012/11/ryerson-university-bike-mural/
BIM
http://www.autodesk.com/products/revit-family/features/platform/worksharing
http://www.wsp-pb.com/en/Who-we-are/In-the-media/News/2013/What-is-BIM/

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