The vernacular architecture of Assam is influenced by six key factors: socio-economics, climate, topography, building techniques, building typology, and urban form. Bamboo is widely used as the major building material due to its availability and cultural significance. The architecture features hip or gable roofs to prevent waterlogging during heavy rains, and higher plinth levels to protect against flooding. Traditional building techniques include bamboo trusses, joints, and wall construction. Typical building typology includes timber frame walls filled with bamboo panels and plaster. Urban forms retain vernacular roots while incorporating some modern materials.
Introduction to Awadh Architecture
It's History and Architecture Details
Various Architectural Buildings in Lucknow and their features
Survey of an old resedential building and its architectural and construction details.
Madhya Pradesh is a state located in central India. Some key points:
- The state's capital is Bhopal, and it borders several other states. Several ancient tribal groups still reside in Madhya Pradesh.
- Important historical and religious sites include the Sanchi Stupa, which contains some of the oldest stone Buddhist structures in India, and forts like Gwalior Fort and Mandu Fort.
- The population is predominantly Hindu, and the state contains examples of vernacular architecture ranging from rural farmhouses to fort residences of former rulers.
The Atira Housing project in Ahmedabad, India was one of architect Balkrishna Doshi's early experiments in public housing from 1956. The housing was commissioned by Kasturbhai Lalbhai for workers at the Atira Textile Factory and researchers at the Physical Research Laboratory. Doshi designed low-cost housing units inspired by Le Corbusier's projects, using local materials and natural ventilation. The north-south oriented houses had verandas and cross ventilation slots. Each single room house had a patio, toilet and shared drainage between backyards. Though Doshi hoped to use local potters for the vaulted structures, bricks were ultimately used to control costs. The project took on a village-like character over time as
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE - ASSAM - NORTH EAST INDIAAleenBharati
ARCHITECTURE IN NORTH-EAST INDIA has a vast sense of sustainable architecture.
The notion of the ideas towards the structures on the land of those seven states is connected to nature.
Materials, climate, altitudes, people, light, ventilation, sun, wind, etc are connected to each other.
THIS is the case study of Assam so grab the ground knowledge of beautiful North- East India.
Laurie Baker was a British architect who came to India in 1945 as a missionary. He lived and worked in India for over 50 years, obtaining Indian citizenship in 1989. Baker is renowned for his initiatives in low-cost housing and sustainable architecture using locally available materials. Some key aspects of his work included using cost-effective materials like brick, laterite, mud and cow dung in innovative construction techniques like rat trap bond. He designed over 1000 residences and 40 other buildings in Kerala emphasizing natural ventilation, privacy and historical influences. Baker received the Padma Shri award in 1990 for his contributions to architecture.
Baker studied architecture in Birmingham and graduated in 1937, aged 20, in a period of political unrest for Europe.During the Second World War, he served in the Friends Ambulance Unit in China and Burma.He worked as an architect for an international and interdenominational Mission dedicated to the care of those suffering from leprosy. He focused on converting or replacing asylums once used to house the ostracized sufferers of the disease - "lepers".He Used indigenous architecture and methods of these places as means to deal with his once daunting problems.
Baker's designs invariably have traditional Indian sloping roofs and terracotta Mangalore tile shingling with gables and vents allowing rising hot air to escape curved walls to enclose more volume at lower material cost than straight walls.Designing and building low cost, high quality, beautiful homes
Suited to or built for lower-middle to lower class clients.
Irregular, pyramid-like structures on roofs, with one side left open and tilting into the wind.Brick jali walls, a perforated brick screen which utilises natural air movement to cool the home's interior and create intricate patterns of light and shadow.
The document provides details about the Mahindra United World College campus located in Pune, India. It was designed between 1996-1998 and constructed from 1996-1999. The 170-acre campus is divided into separate academic and residential zones connected by walkways. Notable buildings include the academic quadrangle with classrooms connected to courtyards, a science center with laboratories, a large multi-purpose hall, a triangular library with a central atrium, and student housing clusters. Sustainable design features include maximizing natural light, ventilation, and views of the surrounding landscape.
The vernacular architecture of Assam is influenced by six key factors: socio-economics, climate, topography, building techniques, building typology, and urban form. Bamboo is widely used as the major building material due to its availability and cultural significance. The architecture features hip or gable roofs to prevent waterlogging during heavy rains, and higher plinth levels to protect against flooding. Traditional building techniques include bamboo trusses, joints, and wall construction. Typical building typology includes timber frame walls filled with bamboo panels and plaster. Urban forms retain vernacular roots while incorporating some modern materials.
Introduction to Awadh Architecture
It's History and Architecture Details
Various Architectural Buildings in Lucknow and their features
Survey of an old resedential building and its architectural and construction details.
Madhya Pradesh is a state located in central India. Some key points:
- The state's capital is Bhopal, and it borders several other states. Several ancient tribal groups still reside in Madhya Pradesh.
- Important historical and religious sites include the Sanchi Stupa, which contains some of the oldest stone Buddhist structures in India, and forts like Gwalior Fort and Mandu Fort.
- The population is predominantly Hindu, and the state contains examples of vernacular architecture ranging from rural farmhouses to fort residences of former rulers.
The Atira Housing project in Ahmedabad, India was one of architect Balkrishna Doshi's early experiments in public housing from 1956. The housing was commissioned by Kasturbhai Lalbhai for workers at the Atira Textile Factory and researchers at the Physical Research Laboratory. Doshi designed low-cost housing units inspired by Le Corbusier's projects, using local materials and natural ventilation. The north-south oriented houses had verandas and cross ventilation slots. Each single room house had a patio, toilet and shared drainage between backyards. Though Doshi hoped to use local potters for the vaulted structures, bricks were ultimately used to control costs. The project took on a village-like character over time as
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE - ASSAM - NORTH EAST INDIAAleenBharati
ARCHITECTURE IN NORTH-EAST INDIA has a vast sense of sustainable architecture.
The notion of the ideas towards the structures on the land of those seven states is connected to nature.
Materials, climate, altitudes, people, light, ventilation, sun, wind, etc are connected to each other.
THIS is the case study of Assam so grab the ground knowledge of beautiful North- East India.
Laurie Baker was a British architect who came to India in 1945 as a missionary. He lived and worked in India for over 50 years, obtaining Indian citizenship in 1989. Baker is renowned for his initiatives in low-cost housing and sustainable architecture using locally available materials. Some key aspects of his work included using cost-effective materials like brick, laterite, mud and cow dung in innovative construction techniques like rat trap bond. He designed over 1000 residences and 40 other buildings in Kerala emphasizing natural ventilation, privacy and historical influences. Baker received the Padma Shri award in 1990 for his contributions to architecture.
Baker studied architecture in Birmingham and graduated in 1937, aged 20, in a period of political unrest for Europe.During the Second World War, he served in the Friends Ambulance Unit in China and Burma.He worked as an architect for an international and interdenominational Mission dedicated to the care of those suffering from leprosy. He focused on converting or replacing asylums once used to house the ostracized sufferers of the disease - "lepers".He Used indigenous architecture and methods of these places as means to deal with his once daunting problems.
Baker's designs invariably have traditional Indian sloping roofs and terracotta Mangalore tile shingling with gables and vents allowing rising hot air to escape curved walls to enclose more volume at lower material cost than straight walls.Designing and building low cost, high quality, beautiful homes
Suited to or built for lower-middle to lower class clients.
Irregular, pyramid-like structures on roofs, with one side left open and tilting into the wind.Brick jali walls, a perforated brick screen which utilises natural air movement to cool the home's interior and create intricate patterns of light and shadow.
The document provides details about the Mahindra United World College campus located in Pune, India. It was designed between 1996-1998 and constructed from 1996-1999. The 170-acre campus is divided into separate academic and residential zones connected by walkways. Notable buildings include the academic quadrangle with classrooms connected to courtyards, a science center with laboratories, a large multi-purpose hall, a triangular library with a central atrium, and student housing clusters. Sustainable design features include maximizing natural light, ventilation, and views of the surrounding landscape.
Chettinad architecture is known for the opulent mansions built by the prosperous Chettiar trading community in the Chettinad region of Tamil Nadu between 1850-1940. The mansions had a grid-like layout centered around a courtyard, with rooms arranged around it. They were built with local materials like bricks, tiles, and lime plaster and incorporated design elements from the Chettiars' foreign travels. The architecture was well-suited to the hot, dry climate, using techniques like thick walls, courtyards, verandas, and roofs to keep interiors cool.
titan township is a company housing designed by the famous architect charles correa for the watch making company titan watches with use of clusters ...its aweosome
DISSERTATION- TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF RAJASTHANDipesh Jain
DISSERTATION
TRADITIONAL MATERIAL IN RAJASTHAN
INFORMATION
ACKNOLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
NEED FOR STUDY
AIM
OBJECTIVE
SCOPE
LIMITATION
BOOK CASE STUDY
LIVE CASE STUDY
LITERATURE REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
REFERENCE
CONCLUSION
DESIGN
DATA COLLECTION
ANALYSIS
RESEARCH DESIGN
FIGURES
TABLES
NEED FOR STUDY
This document summarizes the Sangath Architect's Studio in Ahmedabad, India, designed by architect B.V. Doshi. Key points:
- The complex consists of vaulted and flat-roofed buildings of different heights built in 1979-1981 with local materials. It successfully combines passive climate control with architectural expression.
- Design features include a vaulted roof construction that provides insulation and a roof form that optimizes space. Subterranean spaces and thick storage walls provide natural insulation.
- Passive design techniques include minimizing solar radiation, maximizing wind flow, utilizing the stack effect and natural ventilation, and incorporating indirect daylighting. Water harvesting is also implemented.
Jawahar Kala Kendra is a cultural centre in Jaipur, India dedicated to Jawaharlal Nehru. Architect Charles Correa designed the centre based on the original city plan of Jaipur, arranging squares to represent the nine planets. The 9.5 acre complex includes art galleries, workshops, a library, and Shilpgram, a rural complex with replicas of huts from different regions of Rajasthan showcasing crafts and culture. By invoking the original city plan and using local materials like red sandstone, Correa created a space that blends traditional Indian concepts with contemporary design to display and promote India's cultural heritage.
Bharat Bhavan is a cultural center located on a plateau near a lake. It contains various spaces like a museum, green room, amphitheater, indoor theater, restaurant, auditorium, store, workshop, and offices. The building is designed with simple yet interesting shapes and an auditorium with a skylight. It has free-flowing circulation to avoid crowding and open courtyards connecting indoor and outdoor spaces. Landscaping features grass-covered roofs and incorporates the adjacent lake into its design.
Charles Correa was an Indian architect and urban planner credited with creating modern architecture in post-independent India. He designed the Titan Township housing project in Bangalore, which comprised duplex houses, plots of land, and community amenities spread across 80 acres of landscaped area. Correa's design for Titan Township emphasized open spaces, natural light, and ventilation according to local climate and culture.
Charles Correa was an Indian architect born in 1930 who pioneered modern architecture adapted to India's climate and resources. He is known for his "open-to-sky" designs that maximize natural light and ventilation. Notable works include low-cost tube housing, the Sonmarg and Kanchenjunga apartments in Mumbai, and cultural centers like the Jawahar Kala Kendra in Jaipur. Correa received many honors over his career for his contributions to architecture.
The document describes a public housing development called CIDCO Housing in Belapur, Navi Mumbai built between 1985-1996. It consisted of over 1000 apartment units ranging in size from 20-100 square meters organized into clusters. The development aimed to create public, semi-public, and private spaces through its site planning and layout. It featured amenities like schools, shops, and open courtyards but lacked some facilities like markets, hospitals, and parking. Both positive and negative feedback is provided from current and past residents regarding aspects like leakage issues, security concerns, and lack of nearby amenities.
Yamuna Apartments is a 200-unit housing complex designed for lower-middle income residents in India. The complex was designed as an "urban village" with narrow pedestrian streets (galis) that restrict vehicular traffic to the perimeter. The units are arranged around a central square used for recreation. The design incorporates traditional Indian elements like balconies, courtyards, and terraces to establish private, semi-private, and public spaces and maximize cross-ventilation while maintaining a sense of community.
architectural case study
Asian games village designed by ar. raj rewal
B.Arch 4th-year sem 7
detailed zoning
analysis and survey
concept execution
referral links
https://www.scribd.com/document/415212492/Asian-Games-Village-Final
https://portfolio.cept.ac.in/fp/from-utopias-to-heterotopias-migrant-housing-values-of-time-density-culture-and-energy-ur2005-monsoon-2019/building-blocks-of-migrant-housing-monsoon-2019-ug180076
https://www.slideshare.net/WaseemNoor3/raj-rewal-asian-games-village
https://www.archdaily.com/903782/asian-games-village-residence-iii-viueller-architects
https://rajrewal.in/portfolio/asian-games-village-1980-1982/
https://qdoc.tips/asiad-villagegrp-6-pdf-free.html
https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/media.archnet.org/system/publications/contents/2850/original/DPT0402.pdf?1384768113
https://prezi.com/zj7br3xisvu8/asiad-village/
This document summarizes traditional vernacular architecture styles found in the states of Rajasthan and Gujarat in India. It describes the climatic conditions of hot, dry weather with sandy soil. It then discusses three prominent styles - Khidrat houses, Jalwali houses, and Bhunga houses. For each style, it outlines the local construction materials, methods, plans, and design features that help address the climate and provide shelter, storage, and privacy for inhabitants. It also notes problems faced by traditional earth construction techniques and potential design interventions to improve sustainability and address issues like fire resistance.
The Jawahar Kala Kendra is an arts and crafts center located in Jaipur, India. The center was designed by architect Charles Correa and built between 1986-1991. It is dedicated to former Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru. The center's plan is based on the original city plan of Jaipur, consisting of nine squares arranged around a central courtyard. Each square represents a different planet and is designed and programmed according to the characteristics of that planet in astrology. The complex incorporates traditional Rajasthani architectural elements and provides facilities such as galleries, workshops, and an open-air theater to showcase Indian culture and crafts.
Omaxe Heights is a residential apartment complex located in Lucknow, India developed by Omaxe Constructions Ltd. It consists of 11 buildings arranged in a circular planning layout, with 3BHK, 4BHK, and penthouse units. Amenities include tennis courts, swimming pools, a gym, and parking. The project occupies a 28,282 square meter site and was approved by the local development authority. It aims to provide modern housing for high- and middle-income residents in a secure setting with amenities like pools and courts. Some issues were reported with seepage, negative spaces from the circular design, and quality of certain materials.
The document discusses proposed plans for the construction of Hostel No. 09 at the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati in Assam, India. It provides background on the institute and describes the existing campus facilities. It then outlines the design consultants' philosophy of focusing on the client's needs. Several concepts for the hostel design are proposed that take into account the site features and constraints, phased construction plans, circulation paths, and climate. The importance of natural light and ventilation in building design is also discussed.
Charles Correa was an Indian architect born in 1930. He received his education in India and the United States. Some of his notable works include the Kovalam Beach Resort in Kerala, the Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya in Ahmedabad, and the Kanchenjunga Apartments in Mumbai. Correa's works were influenced by modernism but adapted it to local contexts and vernacular styles. He emphasized principles like incrementality, identity, pluralism, and equity. Correa received many awards over his career and is considered one of India's most important architects.
The Sanskriti Kendra is located in Anandgram, Qutab, Delhi on 3 hectares of land in the foothills of the Aravalli Range. It is accessible from Mehrauli-Gurgaon road and is 12 km from Delhi airport. The complex was designed by Ar. Upal Ghosh and includes various spaces like courtyards, museums, studios, and landscaped areas. The landscaping was done keeping the natural features and includes trees, pathways, a rainwater channel converted into a water body, and other elements.
Thermal performance of rural architecture in jharkhand case study of typical ...Janmejoy Gupta
1) The document analyzes the thermal performance of traditional mud houses in rural Jharkhand, India through a case study.
2) It describes the typical construction techniques of mud houses in the region, including materials used and wall/roof assemblies.
3) Thermal analysis through simulation found that orientation, surface area to volume ratio, ventilation, building materials, and shading impact heat gain. Improving these elements could enhance thermal performance of mud houses.
Comparative study of energy utilisation in rural & urban dwellings case...Janmejoy Gupta
1) The study compares the energy utilization of rural vernacular architecture and urban low-rise structures in Jharkhand.
2) Mud houses have significantly lower embodied energy than comparable urban houses constructed of materials like brick masonry and concrete.
3) Mud houses utilize locally available and renewable materials like mud, cow dung and straw, requiring minimal processing and transportation energy.
Chettinad architecture is known for the opulent mansions built by the prosperous Chettiar trading community in the Chettinad region of Tamil Nadu between 1850-1940. The mansions had a grid-like layout centered around a courtyard, with rooms arranged around it. They were built with local materials like bricks, tiles, and lime plaster and incorporated design elements from the Chettiars' foreign travels. The architecture was well-suited to the hot, dry climate, using techniques like thick walls, courtyards, verandas, and roofs to keep interiors cool.
titan township is a company housing designed by the famous architect charles correa for the watch making company titan watches with use of clusters ...its aweosome
DISSERTATION- TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF RAJASTHANDipesh Jain
DISSERTATION
TRADITIONAL MATERIAL IN RAJASTHAN
INFORMATION
ACKNOLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
NEED FOR STUDY
AIM
OBJECTIVE
SCOPE
LIMITATION
BOOK CASE STUDY
LIVE CASE STUDY
LITERATURE REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
REFERENCE
CONCLUSION
DESIGN
DATA COLLECTION
ANALYSIS
RESEARCH DESIGN
FIGURES
TABLES
NEED FOR STUDY
This document summarizes the Sangath Architect's Studio in Ahmedabad, India, designed by architect B.V. Doshi. Key points:
- The complex consists of vaulted and flat-roofed buildings of different heights built in 1979-1981 with local materials. It successfully combines passive climate control with architectural expression.
- Design features include a vaulted roof construction that provides insulation and a roof form that optimizes space. Subterranean spaces and thick storage walls provide natural insulation.
- Passive design techniques include minimizing solar radiation, maximizing wind flow, utilizing the stack effect and natural ventilation, and incorporating indirect daylighting. Water harvesting is also implemented.
Jawahar Kala Kendra is a cultural centre in Jaipur, India dedicated to Jawaharlal Nehru. Architect Charles Correa designed the centre based on the original city plan of Jaipur, arranging squares to represent the nine planets. The 9.5 acre complex includes art galleries, workshops, a library, and Shilpgram, a rural complex with replicas of huts from different regions of Rajasthan showcasing crafts and culture. By invoking the original city plan and using local materials like red sandstone, Correa created a space that blends traditional Indian concepts with contemporary design to display and promote India's cultural heritage.
Bharat Bhavan is a cultural center located on a plateau near a lake. It contains various spaces like a museum, green room, amphitheater, indoor theater, restaurant, auditorium, store, workshop, and offices. The building is designed with simple yet interesting shapes and an auditorium with a skylight. It has free-flowing circulation to avoid crowding and open courtyards connecting indoor and outdoor spaces. Landscaping features grass-covered roofs and incorporates the adjacent lake into its design.
Charles Correa was an Indian architect and urban planner credited with creating modern architecture in post-independent India. He designed the Titan Township housing project in Bangalore, which comprised duplex houses, plots of land, and community amenities spread across 80 acres of landscaped area. Correa's design for Titan Township emphasized open spaces, natural light, and ventilation according to local climate and culture.
Charles Correa was an Indian architect born in 1930 who pioneered modern architecture adapted to India's climate and resources. He is known for his "open-to-sky" designs that maximize natural light and ventilation. Notable works include low-cost tube housing, the Sonmarg and Kanchenjunga apartments in Mumbai, and cultural centers like the Jawahar Kala Kendra in Jaipur. Correa received many honors over his career for his contributions to architecture.
The document describes a public housing development called CIDCO Housing in Belapur, Navi Mumbai built between 1985-1996. It consisted of over 1000 apartment units ranging in size from 20-100 square meters organized into clusters. The development aimed to create public, semi-public, and private spaces through its site planning and layout. It featured amenities like schools, shops, and open courtyards but lacked some facilities like markets, hospitals, and parking. Both positive and negative feedback is provided from current and past residents regarding aspects like leakage issues, security concerns, and lack of nearby amenities.
Yamuna Apartments is a 200-unit housing complex designed for lower-middle income residents in India. The complex was designed as an "urban village" with narrow pedestrian streets (galis) that restrict vehicular traffic to the perimeter. The units are arranged around a central square used for recreation. The design incorporates traditional Indian elements like balconies, courtyards, and terraces to establish private, semi-private, and public spaces and maximize cross-ventilation while maintaining a sense of community.
architectural case study
Asian games village designed by ar. raj rewal
B.Arch 4th-year sem 7
detailed zoning
analysis and survey
concept execution
referral links
https://www.scribd.com/document/415212492/Asian-Games-Village-Final
https://portfolio.cept.ac.in/fp/from-utopias-to-heterotopias-migrant-housing-values-of-time-density-culture-and-energy-ur2005-monsoon-2019/building-blocks-of-migrant-housing-monsoon-2019-ug180076
https://www.slideshare.net/WaseemNoor3/raj-rewal-asian-games-village
https://www.archdaily.com/903782/asian-games-village-residence-iii-viueller-architects
https://rajrewal.in/portfolio/asian-games-village-1980-1982/
https://qdoc.tips/asiad-villagegrp-6-pdf-free.html
https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/media.archnet.org/system/publications/contents/2850/original/DPT0402.pdf?1384768113
https://prezi.com/zj7br3xisvu8/asiad-village/
This document summarizes traditional vernacular architecture styles found in the states of Rajasthan and Gujarat in India. It describes the climatic conditions of hot, dry weather with sandy soil. It then discusses three prominent styles - Khidrat houses, Jalwali houses, and Bhunga houses. For each style, it outlines the local construction materials, methods, plans, and design features that help address the climate and provide shelter, storage, and privacy for inhabitants. It also notes problems faced by traditional earth construction techniques and potential design interventions to improve sustainability and address issues like fire resistance.
The Jawahar Kala Kendra is an arts and crafts center located in Jaipur, India. The center was designed by architect Charles Correa and built between 1986-1991. It is dedicated to former Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru. The center's plan is based on the original city plan of Jaipur, consisting of nine squares arranged around a central courtyard. Each square represents a different planet and is designed and programmed according to the characteristics of that planet in astrology. The complex incorporates traditional Rajasthani architectural elements and provides facilities such as galleries, workshops, and an open-air theater to showcase Indian culture and crafts.
Omaxe Heights is a residential apartment complex located in Lucknow, India developed by Omaxe Constructions Ltd. It consists of 11 buildings arranged in a circular planning layout, with 3BHK, 4BHK, and penthouse units. Amenities include tennis courts, swimming pools, a gym, and parking. The project occupies a 28,282 square meter site and was approved by the local development authority. It aims to provide modern housing for high- and middle-income residents in a secure setting with amenities like pools and courts. Some issues were reported with seepage, negative spaces from the circular design, and quality of certain materials.
The document discusses proposed plans for the construction of Hostel No. 09 at the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati in Assam, India. It provides background on the institute and describes the existing campus facilities. It then outlines the design consultants' philosophy of focusing on the client's needs. Several concepts for the hostel design are proposed that take into account the site features and constraints, phased construction plans, circulation paths, and climate. The importance of natural light and ventilation in building design is also discussed.
Charles Correa was an Indian architect born in 1930. He received his education in India and the United States. Some of his notable works include the Kovalam Beach Resort in Kerala, the Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya in Ahmedabad, and the Kanchenjunga Apartments in Mumbai. Correa's works were influenced by modernism but adapted it to local contexts and vernacular styles. He emphasized principles like incrementality, identity, pluralism, and equity. Correa received many awards over his career and is considered one of India's most important architects.
The Sanskriti Kendra is located in Anandgram, Qutab, Delhi on 3 hectares of land in the foothills of the Aravalli Range. It is accessible from Mehrauli-Gurgaon road and is 12 km from Delhi airport. The complex was designed by Ar. Upal Ghosh and includes various spaces like courtyards, museums, studios, and landscaped areas. The landscaping was done keeping the natural features and includes trees, pathways, a rainwater channel converted into a water body, and other elements.
Thermal performance of rural architecture in jharkhand case study of typical ...Janmejoy Gupta
1) The document analyzes the thermal performance of traditional mud houses in rural Jharkhand, India through a case study.
2) It describes the typical construction techniques of mud houses in the region, including materials used and wall/roof assemblies.
3) Thermal analysis through simulation found that orientation, surface area to volume ratio, ventilation, building materials, and shading impact heat gain. Improving these elements could enhance thermal performance of mud houses.
Comparative study of energy utilisation in rural & urban dwellings case...Janmejoy Gupta
1) The study compares the energy utilization of rural vernacular architecture and urban low-rise structures in Jharkhand.
2) Mud houses have significantly lower embodied energy than comparable urban houses constructed of materials like brick masonry and concrete.
3) Mud houses utilize locally available and renewable materials like mud, cow dung and straw, requiring minimal processing and transportation energy.
The document discusses vernacular architecture and building styles across different climatic zones in India. It describes the major climatic zones and their characteristics, and provides examples of traditional building styles for each zone, including hot and dry, warm and humid, moderate, composite, cold, and cold and cloudy climates. Key aspects addressed include building materials, passive cooling and heating techniques, and architectural features used to adapt to local climate conditions.
The document discusses the culture of Jharkhand, India. It covers the cuisine, folk dances, traditional dresses, jewelry, languages, festivals, tribes, music, and religion of Jharkhand. There are over 30 tribes that reside in Jharkhand, including the Baiga, Asur, Banjara, Bedia, and Gond tribes. The culture is expressed through various folk dances, outfits made from local materials, tribal jewelry, and religious festivals in the state.
Jharkhand is a state in eastern India with a total area of 79,714 square kilometers and a population of over 32 million people. Some of the most popular cities to visit are Ranchi, the capital, as well as Jamshedpur, Hazaribagh, Chatra, Dhanbad, and Palamu. The best time to visit is between October and March when temperatures are mild. Popular tourist attractions include national parks, temples, waterfalls, and places of natural beauty.
The document discusses vernacular architecture, providing several key points in 3 or more sentences:
Vernacular architecture is architecture designed without architects based purely on a society's building needs, crafted by individuals using local materials and trial and error over time. It is perfectly adapted to its environment and users as the builders are also the occupants. We can learn from vernacular architecture's seemingly simple but effective low-tech methods to prevent modern architects from sacrificing function, comfort or sustainability for aesthetics or ego. The document then provides an example, summarizing the key design features of a traditional house in Himachal Pradesh, India, including its compact layout, sloped roof, large openings, and use of local materials.
The document discusses vernacular architecture, which is architecture based on localized needs, materials, and traditions. Vernacular architecture evolves over time based on its environmental and cultural context. It tends to use simple and inexpensive local materials and designs that meet the needs of the local population. Examples of architectural elements, materials, and regional variations from around the world are provided to illustrate how vernacular design is adapted to the environment and resources available.
passive design strategies in composite & warm-humid climates.Janmejoy Gupta
The document discusses passive solar design considerations for mud huts in Jharkhand, India. It examines how climate impacts rural building design with a focus on the composite climate of the region. Key factors discussed include site selection, orientation, shading calculations, housing forms, window size and placement, indoor temperature balance, and settlement patterns. Climate data from Ranchi and Jamshedpur districts is analyzed to determine optimal design strategies like orientation and shading devices that minimize heat gain in summer and maximize it in winter for thermal comfort.
It is a term used to categorise methods of
construction which use locally available
resources and traditions to address local
needs.
Vernacular architecture tends to evolve over
time to reflect the environmental, cultural
and historical context in which it exists.
It has often been dismissed as crude and
unrefined, but also has proponents who
highlight its importance in current design.
Vernacular architecture in Himachal Pradesh is influenced by the local climate, materials, and culture. Traditional houses have thick stone and wood walls arranged in a layered "kath-khuni" style to provide stability, flexibility, and excellent thermal insulation. The double-story plans maximize southern exposure, with rooms arranged linearly and connected by verandas. Low ceilings and small windows further reduce heat loss and keep interiors warm.
The document discusses the different climatic zones in India and their characteristics. It identifies five major climatic zones: 1) hot and dry, 2) warm and humid, 3) composite, 4) moderate, and 5) cold. Each zone is characterized by varying temperature, humidity, rainfall levels, and vegetation patterns. Traditional vernacular architecture in each zone utilizes local materials and techniques that are well-suited to the regional climate and maximize occupant comfort.
The geography of India can be divided into three major regions - the Himalayan Mountains, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, and the Southern Peninsula. The Himalayas protected northern India but also provided mountain passes for invaders. The fertile Indo-Gangetic Plains saw the rise of early urban centers like Harappa and helped the growth of Vedic culture. The Southern Peninsula was more isolated due to dense forests and mountain ranges, allowing South Indian languages and cultures to develop independently for some time. India's diverse geography impacted its history by facilitating trade and cultural exchange in some areas while encouraging isolation in others.
The XII History book is the ollective effort of the committee
constituted for this purpose. The committee while writing this text book
has kept in mind the requirements of the students based on the guidelines
given in the syllabus. Since the plus Two History book deals with Modern
India. Contemporary India, Modern World and Contemporary World latest
information available is included for the benefit of the students.
The area covered in the syllabus is indeed comprehensive. The
entire modern Indian History and major events of world history are dealt
with. While writing these lessons care was taken to the present facts.
However, it is not possible to provide all the facts. Hence, the main
yardstick used was to provide the important facts necessary for gaining
knowledge.
The lessons of the book are arranged as per the syllabus guidelines.
The facts and figures provided in this book are based on credible sources.
At the end of each lesson questions are given. These questions are only
illustrative examplesand serve as the model. The model questions
test the descriptive and analytical abilities of the students. However, the
students ought to go through the entire text of the book in order to gain knowledge of the subject.
Pneumatics, Water Proofing, Gypsum, Plaster of Paris,Plastics and differnt types ( Acrylic, Polycorbonate, PVC Films and Sheets, FRP), Construction Chemicals, Water Proofing Materials, Adhesives and Additives.
Glass is an amorphous solid that exhibits a glass transition between a hard, brittle state and a molten, rubber-like state. Despite its solid appearance, glass is actually in a "jammed" state where its molecules are randomly arranged and it moves very slowly over time rather than becoming a true solid. Glass is made by melting a mixture of silica from sand and other minerals like soda ash and limestone at very high temperatures, then rapidly cooling the mixture so it solidifies into an amorphous state rather than crystallizing. Glass has been made for over 3,000 years and is used in applications like windows, containers, optics, and building materials.
About FL Wright's life, career, basic deisgn principles, influences, famous buildings, houses design and also furniture design.... robie house, falling waters, Solomon.R.Guggenheim museum, usonian houses, prarie houses, johnson wax towers, wright's home and studio oak park etc.,
The document discusses the temples located in Osian, near Jodhpur, India that date between the 8th-11th century AD. It mentions four important temples - the Jain temple dedicated to Lord Mahavira built in 783 AD, the Sachiya Mata temple dedicated to Sachi Mata built initially in the 8th century, three Harihara temples dedicated to the union of Shiva and Vishnu built between the 8th-9th century, and the Surya temple dedicated to the sun god built in the 10th century with origins in the 8th century. The temples are adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures and showcase the regional architectural style.
Madurai Meenakshi amman temple with the history and its design......the temple location, plan, history, gopurams, rajagopurams, towers of the swami shrine, sundereshwara temple, meenakshi amman temple, temple tank and thousand pillared hall....
Nritya gram is India's first dance village, established in 1990 by odissi dancer Protima Gauri. It follows a vernacular architectural style designed by Gerard da Cunha. Vernacular architecture is locally-influenced and evolves over time based on the environmental, cultural, and historical context. An example is the temple at Nritya gram's entrance, built in 1998 from raw local mud and decorated with dance motifs. The buildings emphasize natural ventilation and make use of stone masonry, arches, and columns without mortar.
The Srirangam temple complex in Srirangam, India is the largest functioning Hindu temple in the world, covering over 630,000 square meters. It is bounded by the Kaveri River and its distributary, the Kollidam River. The complex consists of 7 walled sections and 21 towers, including the 236 foot tall Rajagopuram tower that dominates the landscape for miles. The temple contains many structures like the Hall of 1000 Pillars and shrines to various forms of Vishnu. It follows Dravidian architecture and attracts over 1 million visitors annually for its 21 day festival.
2. VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
The word ‘vernacular’derived from ‘vernaculus’ means native.
Hence vernacular architecture means – “native science of building”.
Vernacular architecture – categorise methods of construction which use locally available resources and traditions to address local needs.
Vernacular architecture tends to evolve over time to reflect the environmental, cultural and historical context in which it exists. It is often
been dismissed as crude and unrefined, but also has proponents who highlight its importance in current design.
Each community over the years develops a prototype – responds to local needs and carries it forward through generations.
It is influenced by different aspects of human behaviour and environment.
It is built to meet specific needs, accommodating the values, economies, and ways of life of the cultures that produce them.
3. Jharkand is located in eastern part of India.The santhals(tribals of chota Nagpur
plateau)-original inhabitants of the state. The traditional architecture of
jharkand is vernacular in the sense that it is a product of well tried local
craftsmen ship and use of local materials. The houses range from traditional
jhopri (hutmet) to haveli (large mansion).
People built as response to a given context rather than based on abstract &
intellectualized principles.
The build form thus doesn't stop at just being a shelter
It goes beyond that as it helps to maintain a social and cultural relationship with
the society.
It helps transmit culture from one generation to another.
It is the house of “ho tribe”.
They are being animist did not build any social institution and religious buildings.
There is not much difference in the economical condition of the people and
everybody has the same occupation that is agriculture and cattle rearing.
Whole village is situated in the dense forest area hence wood & mud became
the main construction material of the house.
Sal is the main species of the tree found in all types of forest in the region.
Out side high post are built to locate the movement of wild elephant.
This might be, also the main reason for most of the earlier houses in the region
to have central courtyard as the main design component.
The build form thus evolved by the indigenous for adopting themselves to the
natural milieu is a complex product of many constrains such as climate,
geographical features, culture, local tradition, life style, available resources,
and level of technology.
4. CLIMATE
The year is divided into three season.
The winter season (November to February)
The summer season (March to May)
Monsoon (June to October)
In the summer the heat is intense and rises up to 40 degree
centigrade, dust storms & loo rule.The average rainfall is around
1400mm in a year. The high amount of rainfall necessitates the use of
sloping roofs.The winter are cold with the coldest recorded
temperature being around 4 C.
GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES
The plateau of Chotanagpur is situated in the southern
part of state of Jharkhand.
It is about 300 feet above sea level.As a result of the
elevation difference the average temperature is about 11
degree lesser than Ganga plains.Two third is covered by
forest hence it support variety of wild life like elephants,
deers, leopards, wild pigs etc.
5. CULTURE
Rice is their staple food hence storage space is
prominent feature of every house.
They prepare rice beer called DIYANG these are
alcoholic drinks made up of fermented rice.
Monogamy is the general rule.
Family system is nuclear type. Marriages commonly
arranged by negotiation & bride price is paid.
Tribal women enjoy better status within their own
communities.
There are very few restrictions on their mobility.
Hence there is no gender based division of spaces
in the house.
They followed the practice of cremating as well as
buried the dead. Offerings to the departed soul are
made everyday during pollution period, which may
last up to 14 days all these activities are done in
courtyard.
6. AVAILABLE RESOURCES
Earlier mud & wood are the
most cheaply available
resources now stones are
becoming popular as major
mine fields are opened.
7. STRUCTURE OF HO VILLAGE
The “HO” village has following basic spaces to
define.
The sacred grove near the village called DESSAULI.
The meeting & dancing ground called AKHARA.
The main village streets, pond, well & bore well.
STRUCTURE OF HO HOUSE
The pattern of houses of these people has under
gone considerable change.
Formally the houses were thatched with wild
grass, walls being made of mud (murrum-mud
brick).
Now the wild grass (SAIU) has given way to
paddy straw (BUSU) or country tiles (KECHO).
Now walls are also being made of stones that
are coming out as mining waste.
8. BASIC DESIGN ELEMENT OF THE HOUSES
Every unit has following spaces to define.
The HOUSE.
The KITCHEN GARDEN beside.
The BURIAL GROUND.
The outside cattle space and.
The COMPOST.
The house doesn’t have any bath and toilet room as all
this activities are carried out side the village.
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ELEMENT OF HOUSE
1. The Main Compound
The house is completely protected by well defined
boundary.
Boundary can be made of mud, stone or wild bushes,
this is done to prevent other’s cattle entering the house.
The Main Entrance Space
It is the semi open space and build up area which generally
connects main courtyard & the main street.
The entrance of the house I studied opens in southern direction.
9.
10. There basic typology of the house. We can term it as a COURTYARD type.
The courtyard is an essential adjunct to the house as a great number of activities
of life are carried out in the open.
A courtyard at the middle of the house or in the back of the plot provides more
privacy, particularly in the view point of the women folk.
It is seen that every house opens into a semi open space then to the courtyard
then again to semi open space, before finally leading into the road.
Cattle form an important part of their lives.
Therefore there is always a provision for a cattle shed in the house.
There are three basic space division.
Open space/ Public spaces
Semi open space/ Semi Public or Private space
Covered space/ Private space.
The lay out of the house or the allocations of spaces like the kitchen, the
bedrooms etc. are in a particular fashion.
There is well defined level difference in the house.
For example, the level of storage room decrease continually so person should not
bang the door carrying the food grains to the room.
Courtyard is generally the lowest level of all the house.
So that water should not go inside there is also well drainage of rain water.