Vector architecture
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Seymour Cray introduced the concept of vector architecture in 1970 as an elegant interpretation of SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data). Vector architecture exploits data parallelism by performing the same operations on different pieces of data concurrently. This contrasts with dataflow architectures, which achieve concurrency by executing different operations in parallel in a data-driven manner, and thread parallelism, which uses different threads of control. Vector processors implement SIMD by executing the same instructions across multiple data elements concurrently.
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Vector architecture
- 1. VECTOR ARCHITECTURE Elagant interpretation of SIMD is called vector architecture—by SEYMOUR CRAY in 1970
- 2. DATA PARALLELISM CONCURRENCY ARISES FROM PERFORMING THE SAME OPERATIONS ON DIFFERENT PIECES OF DATA SINGLE INSTRUCTION MULTIPLE DATA (SIMD) E.G., DOT PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS CONTRAST WITH DATA FLOW CONCURRENCY ARISES FROM EXECUTING DIFFERENT OPERATIONS IN PARALLEL (IN A DATA DRIVEN MANNER) CONTRAST WITH THREAD (“CONTROL”) PARALLELISM CONCURRENCY ARISES FROM EXECUTING DIFFERENT THREADS OF CONTROL IN PARALLEL SIMD EXPLOITS INSTRUCTION-LEVEL PARALLELISM MULTIPLE INSTRUCTIONS CONCURRENT: INSTRUCTIONS HAPPEN TO BE THE SAME
- 4. TYPES OF ARRAY PROCESSORS THERE ARE BASICALLY TWO TYPES OF ARRAY PROCESSORS: Attached Array Processors SIMD Array Processors
- 7. COMPONENTS OF VECTOR PROCESSORS
- 8. MODERN MULTIPLE PIPELINE VECTOR COMPUTER:
- 11. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VECTOR ARCHITECTURES AND GPUS • BOTH ARCHITECTURES ARE DESIGNED TO EXECUTE DATA-LEVEL PARALLEL PROGRAMS. • THE VMIPS REGISTER FILE HOLDS ENTIRE VECTORS— THAT IS, A CONTIGUOUS BLOCK OF 64 DOUBLES. IN CONTRAST, A SINGLE VECTOR IN A GPU WOULD BE DISTRIBUTED ACROSS THE REGISTERS OF ALL SIMD LANES. • THE CALCULATIONS ARE IMPLICIT IN VECTOR ARCHITECTURE BUT THEY ARE EXPLICIT IN GPUS. 23
- 12. VECTOR ARCHITECTURE • VECTOR ARCHITECTURES ARE EASIER TO UNDERSTAND AND TO COMPILE TO THAN OTHER SIMD VARIATIONS, • BUT THEY WERE CONSIDERED TOO EXPENSIVE FOR MICROPROCESSORS UNTIL RECENTLY. 6
- 13. THANK YOU