- The document provides an annual progress report on the Australian PVC Stewardship Program, which addresses the life cycle of PVC production through commitments in five key areas: best practice manufacturing, safe additive use, energy/greenhouse gas management, resource efficiency, and transparency/engagement.
- Thirty-two companies participated in the program in 2015, with an average compliance rate of 80%. Ten companies achieved full compliance. One company was deemed non-compliant for failing to provide verification evidence.
- New commitments in 2015 focused on resource efficiency, including minimizing waste, incorporating recycled PVC, and responsibly recycling PVC with legacy additives. Nearly three-quarters of relevant companies reported using recycled PVC.
On Thursday 26 September 2019, the OECD webinar discussed "Finding Alternatives to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances of Concern: A Difficult and Continuing Challenge" with the participation of W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Presenters shared efforts, successes and challenges in eliminating per and polyfluorinated chemicals of environmental concern from the life cycle of consumer products.
Webinar on greener water and oil repellents in the textile industry: Objectiv...OECD Environment
On 30 October 2018, Eeva Leinala of the OECD Environment Directorate; Ruth Garcia, Gemma Janer and Marc Torrentellé from LEITAT Technological Center; and Julio Fierro of the Centro Tecnológico de Investigación Multisectorial (CETIM) presented the MIDWOR-LIFE project that aims to mitigate the environmental, health and safety impacts of current Durable Water and Oil Repellents and available alternatives by looking at their environmental impact and technical performance.
Webinar on Best Environmental Practices (BEP) for Textiles (per- and polyfluo...OECD Environment
On 12 September 2018, Eeva Leinala of the OECD Environment Directorate and Kai Schubert from the Chemours Company presented Best Environmental Practices in the textile industry.
This document provides an overview and guidebook for implementing the IECQ QC 080000 Hazardous Substances Process Management (HSPM) system. It discusses the growing regulatory requirements around the world to restrict hazardous substances in electrical products and benefits of adopting the IECQ QC 080000 standard. The guidebook outlines the certification process and requirements to establish a hazardous substances management system that can help companies meet international compliance standards and enhance their competitiveness in global markets.
The EPA's GreenChill program partners with the supermarket industry to promote the adoption of advanced refrigeration technologies that reduce emissions of ozone-depleting and greenhouse gas refrigerants. In its first year, GreenChill launched with 10 partners and now has over 50 partners representing over 5,800 stores. GreenChill provides guidelines, certifications, and shares information to help partners transition away from HCFC refrigerants and reduce emissions through best practices like retrofitting stores with lower-charge systems. GreenChill also works with manufacturers to increase the use of advanced systems and improve industry practices around installation, service, and refrigerant management.
Sustainable Consumption and Production in value chainsRajat Batra
Lessons learnt from on-ground projects, trying to imbed sustainability into value chains are shared - perceptions about Indian consumers are challenged and business case for SCP in value chains is put forth
The VinylPlus Product Label is a voluntary sustainability certification scheme for PVC products in the building and construction sectors. It is administered by VinylPlus and aims to make the most sustainable PVC products easily identifiable to customers. To qualify for the label, products must meet criteria that evaluate the company's sustainability policies and the environmental performance of the product's components. The scheme addresses eight sustainability topics through compulsory and optional criteria that are audited by an independent third party. Achieving the VinylPlus Product Label helps companies promote their sustainability efforts and increase sales of sustainable PVC solutions.
On Thursday 26 September 2019, the OECD webinar discussed "Finding Alternatives to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances of Concern: A Difficult and Continuing Challenge" with the participation of W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Presenters shared efforts, successes and challenges in eliminating per and polyfluorinated chemicals of environmental concern from the life cycle of consumer products.
Webinar on greener water and oil repellents in the textile industry: Objectiv...OECD Environment
On 30 October 2018, Eeva Leinala of the OECD Environment Directorate; Ruth Garcia, Gemma Janer and Marc Torrentellé from LEITAT Technological Center; and Julio Fierro of the Centro Tecnológico de Investigación Multisectorial (CETIM) presented the MIDWOR-LIFE project that aims to mitigate the environmental, health and safety impacts of current Durable Water and Oil Repellents and available alternatives by looking at their environmental impact and technical performance.
Webinar on Best Environmental Practices (BEP) for Textiles (per- and polyfluo...OECD Environment
On 12 September 2018, Eeva Leinala of the OECD Environment Directorate and Kai Schubert from the Chemours Company presented Best Environmental Practices in the textile industry.
This document provides an overview and guidebook for implementing the IECQ QC 080000 Hazardous Substances Process Management (HSPM) system. It discusses the growing regulatory requirements around the world to restrict hazardous substances in electrical products and benefits of adopting the IECQ QC 080000 standard. The guidebook outlines the certification process and requirements to establish a hazardous substances management system that can help companies meet international compliance standards and enhance their competitiveness in global markets.
The EPA's GreenChill program partners with the supermarket industry to promote the adoption of advanced refrigeration technologies that reduce emissions of ozone-depleting and greenhouse gas refrigerants. In its first year, GreenChill launched with 10 partners and now has over 50 partners representing over 5,800 stores. GreenChill provides guidelines, certifications, and shares information to help partners transition away from HCFC refrigerants and reduce emissions through best practices like retrofitting stores with lower-charge systems. GreenChill also works with manufacturers to increase the use of advanced systems and improve industry practices around installation, service, and refrigerant management.
Sustainable Consumption and Production in value chainsRajat Batra
Lessons learnt from on-ground projects, trying to imbed sustainability into value chains are shared - perceptions about Indian consumers are challenged and business case for SCP in value chains is put forth
The VinylPlus Product Label is a voluntary sustainability certification scheme for PVC products in the building and construction sectors. It is administered by VinylPlus and aims to make the most sustainable PVC products easily identifiable to customers. To qualify for the label, products must meet criteria that evaluate the company's sustainability policies and the environmental performance of the product's components. The scheme addresses eight sustainability topics through compulsory and optional criteria that are audited by an independent third party. Achieving the VinylPlus Product Label helps companies promote their sustainability efforts and increase sales of sustainable PVC solutions.
1. Professional textile care is more sustainable than domestic laundering, reducing energy and water consumption by up to 24% and 83% respectively.
2. Outsourcing laundry to industrial laundering and increasing textile lifespan through appropriate cleaning processes and material choices intensifies textile use and reduces environmental impact.
3. Developing circular systems for textile recycling by replacing virgin materials and reusing textiles in new products can further increase sustainability by reducing raw material needs, emissions, land and water usage.
The issue of food safety requires collaboration throughout the supply chain. H.B. Fuller is proud to be an active player in the development and application of the Guidance of Food Contact Status Declaration for Adhesives. Alexandra Ross, product regulatory specialist, and Elizabeth Staab, marketing manager, packaging solutions, have examined the role of current legislation, providing insight about how the guidance from the Association of European Adhesives and Sealants Industry (FEICA) helps both the adhesive manufacturer and user. They have also reviewed the step-by-step raw material and adhesive evaluation process, which ensures adhesives used for food packaging are safe. Over 70 delegates used the webinar to benefit from the knowledge of our experts who help customers make the right decision and ensure food safety compliance.
Learn more about our packaging solutions @ www.hbfuller.com/packaging-solutions.
Global South-South Expo
A presentation from solution Forum 2 organized by UNIDO
Clean Technologies for Green Industry is the theme for this forum and is the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) important contribution to the Global South South Development Expo 2013. It will focus on showcasing clean technology solutions that have been successfully implemented in developing countries, emphasizing Southern-grown technologies, as well as South-South, North-South-South triangular cooperation and PPP modalities
Accounting and reporting avoided emissions along the value chainLeonardo ENERGY
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/webinar/accounting-and-reporting-avoided-emissions-along-value-chain
Companies want to go beyond emission reductions in their own operation facilities and supply chains, by designing products that reduce emissions at downstream customers. A fuel efficient tire, for example, reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when driving a car. Such emission reductions are also called “avoided emissions”. Despite the opportunities, companies face challenges when introducing their innovative products to the market. The International Council of Chemical Associations and World Business Council for Sustainable Development commissioned Ecofys to write guidelines for accounting for and reporting greenhouse gas emissions avoided along the value chain of chemical products. The guidelines provide a global standard methodology and are a worldwide example on how to calculate and communicate the GHG benefits of products.
Henk van Rikxoort - Product Carbon Accounting Market AssessmentHenk van Rikxoort
This document summarizes a workshop on product carbon accounting and its current status in the market. It discusses how some major brands like Unilever and retailers like Tesco are calculating the carbon footprints of their products using life cycle assessment and working with suppliers to reduce emissions hotspots. There is ongoing discussion around issues of methodology credibility and consumer understanding of carbon labeling. In conclusion, product carbon accounting is a common practice used internally for decision making, but standardized carbon labels have not broken through yet due to open questions around methodology and consumer comprehension.
BioLargo's Corporate Deck for LD Micro Main Event XII (2019)Alex Evans
BioLargo provides innovative solutions for clean water, clean air, and advanced wound care through patented technologies and engineering services. It has 20 patents and 5 pending patents across four operating units. Recent headlines include achieving profitability for the first time, winning USAF contracts, and demonstrating an effective PFAS treatment technology. CupriDyne Clean is commercialized for odor control and expanding into new markets like cannabis. The AOS water treatment technology shows potential as a low-cost solution for removing micropollutants.
Harman Ecodesign shorter Knowledge Transfer Partnership (sKTP)Info EDCW
This document summarizes an investigation into implementing ecodesign practices within Harman product development to reduce environmental impact and increase profit. It outlines the business case for ecodesign, the KTP project approach and objectives, and internal and external influences on Harman's operations. It also suggests paths for ecodesign implementation and tools to facilitate ecodesign, including lifecycle analysis and collaboration with suppliers.
is it possible to change a paradigm of dealing with chemicals?
This Chemical Leasing book "Function to Impact", published in December 2020 by UNIDO, is a unique collection of insights, best practices and real examples of how the private sector, society, and the environment can benefit from the sustainable business approach, Chemical Leasing.
The migration to a service-based economy is leading to a fundamental shift in manufacturing industries towards business models in which the service component of products is becoming dominant. This paradigm shift is giving way to different business models of circular economy that emphasis the idea of product to service. Chemical Leasing is a performance-based business model and that fully responds to this new concept and the overall principles of circular economy.
Furthermore, Chemical Leasing is a business solution for sustainable chemicals management and effectively addresses the different sustainability dimensions of chemi-cal use. The model strives for a triple win situation for the partners involved, as well as for the environment. It aims at simultaneously creating financial, environmental and human well-being, as well as increasing the efficient use of chemicals improving the overall performance of participating companies.
Since 2004, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) promotes Chemical Leasing with the direct support of the Austrian, German and Swiss Governments, supporting enterprises in introducing sustainable business practices and enhancing resource efficiency.
For more details visit: www.chemicalleasing.org
www.chemicalleasing.org/book2020
Silicon Valley Toxics 2015 Scorecard Guidance Document marknakamura
The document provides guidance for scoring solar companies based on their sustainability practices in areas such as extended producer responsibility, emissions reduction, workers' rights and safety, supply chain management, module toxicity, recycling, and impacts on biodiversity. It outlines specific criteria and points allocation in each category. Companies will be scored biannually based on surveys, interviews, publicly available information and policies posted on their websites. The goal is for companies to improve their sustainability practices and transparency over time.
1. The document presents a life cycle analysis of container glass bottles in India conducted by Hindusthan National Glass & Ind. Ltd. and AIGMF to evaluate the environmental profile and improvement opportunities of glass packaging.
2. The study analyzed 24 glass manufacturing sites covering 7600 tonnes per day of production capacity. It found that increasing recycled glass content from the current 35% to 75% could reduce the carbon footprint of glass production by almost 40%.
3. The life cycle analysis demonstrated that glass is the most environmentally friendly packaging material compared to plastics and other alternatives due to its recyclability and reuse properties which reduce environmental impacts across various impact categories.
Silicon Valley Toxics 2014 Scorecard Guidance Document marknakamura
The document outlines Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition's (SVTC) 2014 Solar Scorecard guidance and scoring methodology. It will score 40 major solar companies bi-annually based on their practices and transparency in areas like extended producer responsibility, emissions reduction, workers' rights and safety, supply chain management, module toxicity, recycling, and conflict minerals. Companies can earn points through surveys, interviews and publicly available information. The scorecard provides criteria and points allocation for 17 issues to encourage more sustainable practices in the solar industry.
Sheffield Pharmaceuticals is a contract manufacturing organization that provides turnkey solutions across the pharmaceutical and personal care value chains. They have over 150 years of experience in product development, manufacturing, and regulatory compliance. Sheffield offers customized services from R&D and formulation development through commercial-scale production to meet clients' needs.
First presented at Certas Energy's Clean Air breakfast event on 22nd May 2017, this presentation introduces a new entrant into the clean air debate - paraffinic fuels.
With improved combustion properties, these cleaner alternatives can be used in standard diesel and gas oil engines while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by up to 90%. With no investment in infrastructure, machinery or vehicles required, they could play a vital role in cleaning up Britain's industry.
Certas Energy is the first to introduce and pioneer Shell GTL Fuel (Gas-To-Liquid) in the UK, with the aim of improving air quality.
1) Over the past 5 years, 42 companies worked together through IGD's ECR group to eliminate 260,000 tonnes of product and packaging waste from the UK supply chain, exceeding their original target of 200,000 tonnes.
2) The initiative focused on preventing waste at source rather than recycling, recovering or disposing of waste. Companies collaborated and shared hundreds of changes like improving forecasts, redesigning packaging, and redistributing surpluses to reduce waste.
3) Measuring the different types of changes allowed the group to identify the most effective solutions and encourage other companies to join, with process changes and redistributing surpluses to animals having the biggest impact on waste reduction.
This document discusses MnTAP's efforts to help Minnesota businesses reduce solvent usage for degreasing operations while maintaining effectiveness. MnTAP evaluated products at 23 facilities to identify alternatives that reduce VOC emissions and human health risks. Some successful substitutions included replacing lacquer thinner containing HAPs with acetone at one company, and replacing three solvents with a single water-based cleaner at another company. These changes helped businesses reduce pollution while lowering costs. The document provides additional examples of facilities that achieved VOC and waste reductions through alternative brake cleaners and degreasing products recommended by MnTAP.
This article discusses trends in the global polyurethanes market, which was valued at 16,432 kilo tons in 2014. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.0% until 2020, reaching 22,058.4 kilo tons. Raw material prices are projected to remain stable during this period. Waterborne polyurethane coatings are seeing increasing demand due to their low VOC content and applications in automotive, flooring, and industrial coatings sectors. Regulatory frameworks favoring reduced VOC emissions are expected to further drive demand for waterborne polyurethane coatings. Major players in the polyurethanes market include BASF SE, Dow Chemical, Huntsman, and B
Multi Category Sourcing in China, India, Vietnam and TurkeyDragon Sourcing
This document summarizes a sourcing trial conducted across 5 product categories in China, India, Vietnam and Turkey. The objectives were to analyze demand, identify suppliers, conduct a request for information process, evaluate responses, audit shortlisted suppliers, and secure contracts. Over 200 potential suppliers were identified for barrier fencing, with 74 participating in the RFI/RFQ process. 24 suppliers responded and 7 were recommended for on-site audits based on their competitiveness and capabilities. The full process included demand analysis, supplier screening, RFI/RFQ distribution and evaluation, supplier audits, sampling, and contract negotiation.
A pressão mínima recomendada para o funcionamento da ducha é de 20kPa. A figura mostra a instalação hidráulica com a caixa d'água e o cano onde a ducha deve ser conectada. A pressão da água na ducha está associada à altura h3 entre a saída do cano e o nível da água na caixa d'água.
God-Damn!
October 16, 2015
Words have different meanings to different cultures and people. The words "god" and "damn" mean different things to everyone, with some agreeing and others not. While "goddamn" was first used in 1928, people have become slaves to an imagined meaning and pass fear of usage onto children. In reality, a "dam" blocks the flow of individual thinking outside of religious programming. Neither "god" nor any word should control a person's nervous system or reactions.
O texto descreve como conectar dois interruptores para ligar ou desligar uma lâmpada independente da posição de um ou outro interruptor. Isso é conhecido como interruptores paralelos. O circuito correto para atingir esse objetivo é quando os interruptores são conectados em paralelo, de modo que a mudança de posição de qualquer um deles possa fechar ou abrir o circuito.
1. Professional textile care is more sustainable than domestic laundering, reducing energy and water consumption by up to 24% and 83% respectively.
2. Outsourcing laundry to industrial laundering and increasing textile lifespan through appropriate cleaning processes and material choices intensifies textile use and reduces environmental impact.
3. Developing circular systems for textile recycling by replacing virgin materials and reusing textiles in new products can further increase sustainability by reducing raw material needs, emissions, land and water usage.
The issue of food safety requires collaboration throughout the supply chain. H.B. Fuller is proud to be an active player in the development and application of the Guidance of Food Contact Status Declaration for Adhesives. Alexandra Ross, product regulatory specialist, and Elizabeth Staab, marketing manager, packaging solutions, have examined the role of current legislation, providing insight about how the guidance from the Association of European Adhesives and Sealants Industry (FEICA) helps both the adhesive manufacturer and user. They have also reviewed the step-by-step raw material and adhesive evaluation process, which ensures adhesives used for food packaging are safe. Over 70 delegates used the webinar to benefit from the knowledge of our experts who help customers make the right decision and ensure food safety compliance.
Learn more about our packaging solutions @ www.hbfuller.com/packaging-solutions.
Global South-South Expo
A presentation from solution Forum 2 organized by UNIDO
Clean Technologies for Green Industry is the theme for this forum and is the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) important contribution to the Global South South Development Expo 2013. It will focus on showcasing clean technology solutions that have been successfully implemented in developing countries, emphasizing Southern-grown technologies, as well as South-South, North-South-South triangular cooperation and PPP modalities
Accounting and reporting avoided emissions along the value chainLeonardo ENERGY
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/webinar/accounting-and-reporting-avoided-emissions-along-value-chain
Companies want to go beyond emission reductions in their own operation facilities and supply chains, by designing products that reduce emissions at downstream customers. A fuel efficient tire, for example, reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when driving a car. Such emission reductions are also called “avoided emissions”. Despite the opportunities, companies face challenges when introducing their innovative products to the market. The International Council of Chemical Associations and World Business Council for Sustainable Development commissioned Ecofys to write guidelines for accounting for and reporting greenhouse gas emissions avoided along the value chain of chemical products. The guidelines provide a global standard methodology and are a worldwide example on how to calculate and communicate the GHG benefits of products.
Henk van Rikxoort - Product Carbon Accounting Market AssessmentHenk van Rikxoort
This document summarizes a workshop on product carbon accounting and its current status in the market. It discusses how some major brands like Unilever and retailers like Tesco are calculating the carbon footprints of their products using life cycle assessment and working with suppliers to reduce emissions hotspots. There is ongoing discussion around issues of methodology credibility and consumer understanding of carbon labeling. In conclusion, product carbon accounting is a common practice used internally for decision making, but standardized carbon labels have not broken through yet due to open questions around methodology and consumer comprehension.
BioLargo's Corporate Deck for LD Micro Main Event XII (2019)Alex Evans
BioLargo provides innovative solutions for clean water, clean air, and advanced wound care through patented technologies and engineering services. It has 20 patents and 5 pending patents across four operating units. Recent headlines include achieving profitability for the first time, winning USAF contracts, and demonstrating an effective PFAS treatment technology. CupriDyne Clean is commercialized for odor control and expanding into new markets like cannabis. The AOS water treatment technology shows potential as a low-cost solution for removing micropollutants.
Harman Ecodesign shorter Knowledge Transfer Partnership (sKTP)Info EDCW
This document summarizes an investigation into implementing ecodesign practices within Harman product development to reduce environmental impact and increase profit. It outlines the business case for ecodesign, the KTP project approach and objectives, and internal and external influences on Harman's operations. It also suggests paths for ecodesign implementation and tools to facilitate ecodesign, including lifecycle analysis and collaboration with suppliers.
is it possible to change a paradigm of dealing with chemicals?
This Chemical Leasing book "Function to Impact", published in December 2020 by UNIDO, is a unique collection of insights, best practices and real examples of how the private sector, society, and the environment can benefit from the sustainable business approach, Chemical Leasing.
The migration to a service-based economy is leading to a fundamental shift in manufacturing industries towards business models in which the service component of products is becoming dominant. This paradigm shift is giving way to different business models of circular economy that emphasis the idea of product to service. Chemical Leasing is a performance-based business model and that fully responds to this new concept and the overall principles of circular economy.
Furthermore, Chemical Leasing is a business solution for sustainable chemicals management and effectively addresses the different sustainability dimensions of chemi-cal use. The model strives for a triple win situation for the partners involved, as well as for the environment. It aims at simultaneously creating financial, environmental and human well-being, as well as increasing the efficient use of chemicals improving the overall performance of participating companies.
Since 2004, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) promotes Chemical Leasing with the direct support of the Austrian, German and Swiss Governments, supporting enterprises in introducing sustainable business practices and enhancing resource efficiency.
For more details visit: www.chemicalleasing.org
www.chemicalleasing.org/book2020
Silicon Valley Toxics 2015 Scorecard Guidance Document marknakamura
The document provides guidance for scoring solar companies based on their sustainability practices in areas such as extended producer responsibility, emissions reduction, workers' rights and safety, supply chain management, module toxicity, recycling, and impacts on biodiversity. It outlines specific criteria and points allocation in each category. Companies will be scored biannually based on surveys, interviews, publicly available information and policies posted on their websites. The goal is for companies to improve their sustainability practices and transparency over time.
1. The document presents a life cycle analysis of container glass bottles in India conducted by Hindusthan National Glass & Ind. Ltd. and AIGMF to evaluate the environmental profile and improvement opportunities of glass packaging.
2. The study analyzed 24 glass manufacturing sites covering 7600 tonnes per day of production capacity. It found that increasing recycled glass content from the current 35% to 75% could reduce the carbon footprint of glass production by almost 40%.
3. The life cycle analysis demonstrated that glass is the most environmentally friendly packaging material compared to plastics and other alternatives due to its recyclability and reuse properties which reduce environmental impacts across various impact categories.
Silicon Valley Toxics 2014 Scorecard Guidance Document marknakamura
The document outlines Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition's (SVTC) 2014 Solar Scorecard guidance and scoring methodology. It will score 40 major solar companies bi-annually based on their practices and transparency in areas like extended producer responsibility, emissions reduction, workers' rights and safety, supply chain management, module toxicity, recycling, and conflict minerals. Companies can earn points through surveys, interviews and publicly available information. The scorecard provides criteria and points allocation for 17 issues to encourage more sustainable practices in the solar industry.
Sheffield Pharmaceuticals is a contract manufacturing organization that provides turnkey solutions across the pharmaceutical and personal care value chains. They have over 150 years of experience in product development, manufacturing, and regulatory compliance. Sheffield offers customized services from R&D and formulation development through commercial-scale production to meet clients' needs.
First presented at Certas Energy's Clean Air breakfast event on 22nd May 2017, this presentation introduces a new entrant into the clean air debate - paraffinic fuels.
With improved combustion properties, these cleaner alternatives can be used in standard diesel and gas oil engines while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by up to 90%. With no investment in infrastructure, machinery or vehicles required, they could play a vital role in cleaning up Britain's industry.
Certas Energy is the first to introduce and pioneer Shell GTL Fuel (Gas-To-Liquid) in the UK, with the aim of improving air quality.
1) Over the past 5 years, 42 companies worked together through IGD's ECR group to eliminate 260,000 tonnes of product and packaging waste from the UK supply chain, exceeding their original target of 200,000 tonnes.
2) The initiative focused on preventing waste at source rather than recycling, recovering or disposing of waste. Companies collaborated and shared hundreds of changes like improving forecasts, redesigning packaging, and redistributing surpluses to reduce waste.
3) Measuring the different types of changes allowed the group to identify the most effective solutions and encourage other companies to join, with process changes and redistributing surpluses to animals having the biggest impact on waste reduction.
This document discusses MnTAP's efforts to help Minnesota businesses reduce solvent usage for degreasing operations while maintaining effectiveness. MnTAP evaluated products at 23 facilities to identify alternatives that reduce VOC emissions and human health risks. Some successful substitutions included replacing lacquer thinner containing HAPs with acetone at one company, and replacing three solvents with a single water-based cleaner at another company. These changes helped businesses reduce pollution while lowering costs. The document provides additional examples of facilities that achieved VOC and waste reductions through alternative brake cleaners and degreasing products recommended by MnTAP.
This article discusses trends in the global polyurethanes market, which was valued at 16,432 kilo tons in 2014. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.0% until 2020, reaching 22,058.4 kilo tons. Raw material prices are projected to remain stable during this period. Waterborne polyurethane coatings are seeing increasing demand due to their low VOC content and applications in automotive, flooring, and industrial coatings sectors. Regulatory frameworks favoring reduced VOC emissions are expected to further drive demand for waterborne polyurethane coatings. Major players in the polyurethanes market include BASF SE, Dow Chemical, Huntsman, and B
Multi Category Sourcing in China, India, Vietnam and TurkeyDragon Sourcing
This document summarizes a sourcing trial conducted across 5 product categories in China, India, Vietnam and Turkey. The objectives were to analyze demand, identify suppliers, conduct a request for information process, evaluate responses, audit shortlisted suppliers, and secure contracts. Over 200 potential suppliers were identified for barrier fencing, with 74 participating in the RFI/RFQ process. 24 suppliers responded and 7 were recommended for on-site audits based on their competitiveness and capabilities. The full process included demand analysis, supplier screening, RFI/RFQ distribution and evaluation, supplier audits, sampling, and contract negotiation.
A pressão mínima recomendada para o funcionamento da ducha é de 20kPa. A figura mostra a instalação hidráulica com a caixa d'água e o cano onde a ducha deve ser conectada. A pressão da água na ducha está associada à altura h3 entre a saída do cano e o nível da água na caixa d'água.
God-Damn!
October 16, 2015
Words have different meanings to different cultures and people. The words "god" and "damn" mean different things to everyone, with some agreeing and others not. While "goddamn" was first used in 1928, people have become slaves to an imagined meaning and pass fear of usage onto children. In reality, a "dam" blocks the flow of individual thinking outside of religious programming. Neither "god" nor any word should control a person's nervous system or reactions.
O texto descreve como conectar dois interruptores para ligar ou desligar uma lâmpada independente da posição de um ou outro interruptor. Isso é conhecido como interruptores paralelos. O circuito correto para atingir esse objetivo é quando os interruptores são conectados em paralelo, de modo que a mudança de posição de qualquer um deles possa fechar ou abrir o circuito.
This document summarizes the results of the second match day of the boys' football league for teams in the 8th grade category. It shows the results of 7 matches played, with City Five Massanassa A winning 13-1. It also includes a table ranking the 14 teams by points, games won, drawn, lost, goals for, against, and penalties. City Five Massanassa A is top of the table with 6 points from 2 games.
O boletim meteorológico relata as condições climáticas e níveis dos rios nas cidades de Petrópolis, Teresópolis e Nova Friburgo. Choveu em alguns pontos, mas os níveis dos rios permaneceram estáveis. Pancadas de chuva são esperadas à tarde com variação de nebulosidade.
The document discusses conformity versus reforming old ways of thinking. It encourages breaking from social norms if needed to find one's own path, but to do so with sensitivity to others. Gender roles are reluctantly changing from a male-dominated world to one with more equality. It also discusses how conformity for products can be unhealthy and how technology is advancing quickly without understanding consequences. It promotes evolving awareness and the highest choices over old ways that did not work. Ultimately it advocates for a revolution of love beginning within each person.
Documento1 TABLA EVALUACIÓN DE RECURSOS WEBanyluanylu
Duolingo es un recurso educativo en línea creado por Luis von Ahn y Severin Hacker para aprender idiomas de forma gratuita. Ofrece cursos en español, inglés, portugués, alemán e italiano. Un estudio encontró que estudiantes que usaron Duolingo por 34 horas aprendieron el equivalente a un semestre de universidad. El recurso es actualizado regularmente y está disponible en la web sin necesidad de software especial.
Chemicals from sources like Monsanto's Roundup herbicide, GMOs in food, and geoengineering projects like chemtrails are polluting our environment and entering our bodies. A German study found glyphosate, an herbicide, in people's urine at levels 5-20 times the legal limit. Chemtrails have been acknowledged by the UN to contain aluminum, barium, lead and other toxins linked to health issues. The combination of all these toxins is creating problems for human consciousness by blocking our ability to seek inner love and truth. Moving away from obediently following societal norms and focusing on cultivating love and questioning thinking can help overcome this mind control and pollution of the mind.
An Institutional Review Board (IRB) is a committee that protects research participants by thoroughly reviewing study designs, monitoring safety, and ensuring consent is obtained equitably. The IRB must have at least five members from different professions and genders. It convenes regular meetings where a majority must vote to approve research based on minimizing risks compared to potential benefits. Federal regulations require the IRB to include at least one scientific and non-scientific member, as well as a member not affiliated with the institution.
O documento defende que os sindicatos durante o Estado Novo eram instrumentos de harmonia entre capital e trabalho, buscando o consenso entre os dois lados em vez de promover a luta de classes.
This document discusses the evolution of humans into a "new human" or "hybrid-hybred" being. It argues that the old human model of pursuing money and technology above all else is coming to an end. The new human will transcend dualistic thinking and live in a state of non-duality, combining both intellectual and emotional intelligence. This new human will utilize tools like love, awareness and discernment to evolve into a conscious, whole being that exists beyond ideologies. The old human model is dying to make way for this new stage of human evolution.
Os desafios da verdade ecológica- "O Instalador", n230, Junho 2015João Soares
O documento discute os desafios ambientais causados pelo crescimento populacional e tecnológico humanos, incluindo a perda de habitats naturais e espécies. No entanto, também reconhece os esforços de conservação em curso e a necessidade de desenvolvimento sustentável para equilibrar o progresso humano com a proteção do meio ambiente para as gerações futuras.
VinylPlus is a voluntary commitment by the European PVC industry to increase the sustainability of PVC. Over the past 10 years (2011-2020), VinylPlus achieved key milestones in recycling PVC waste, promoting sustainable use of additives, improving energy efficiency, and raising sustainability awareness. Highlights include recycling over 6.5 million tonnes of PVC and reducing CO2 emissions by 14% in PVC production. VinylPlus also works with stakeholders across the PVC value chain and engages in partnerships to further sustainability goals.
Nnfcc market review bio based products issue twentyfive april 2014NNFCC
This document provides a summary of the April 2014 issue of the NNFCC Market Review on biobased products. It discusses research and developments in areas such as wood biorefining, industrial biotechnology, platform chemicals, and new product developments. Key highlights include a new biobased chemistry network in the US, simplified certification for biobased sugarcane, and new technologies for producing chemicals like adipic acid and glucaric acid from renewable feedstocks.
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) was coined by the International organization for Standardization (ISO) in order to ensure the concern of different companies on the sustainable development of various products and brands within their business. waey.qa helps our clients to successfully navigate development projects with efficiency bound to sustainability.
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2. Glossary
AusLCI
Australian Life Cycle Inventory Database
BBP
Butyl benzyl phthalate
DBP
Dibutyl phthalate
DEHP
Diethylhexyl phthalate
DIDP
Diisodecyl phthalate
DINP
Diisononyl Phthalate
EPA
Environment Protection Agency
GHG Emissions
Greenhouse Gas emissions
High molecular weight (HMW)
Phthalate plasticisers with more than 6 carbon atoms in their backbones.
See Table 3
Low molecular weight (LMW)
Phthalate plasticisers with 3 to 6 carbon atoms in their backbones. See Table 3
Phthalates
The most commonly used group of chemicals used as plasticisers including
orthophthalates and terephthalates
Plasticisers
Chemical substances used to soften PVC and provide flexibility to end products.
NICNAS
National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme,
the Australian Government regulator of industrial chemicals.
The Program
The PVC Stewardship Program, signed by members of the Australian PVC industry
PVC (Vinyl)
Polyvinyl chloride
Signatories
The Members of the Australian PVC industry who have signed the Program
as an indication of their commitment to product stewardship.
Stabiliser
A compound used to improve thermal stability during processing and heat and/or
UV stability of the end-use product.
Stakeholders
The PVC industry, its employees, suppliers and customers, the local and wider
communities, consumers, government and regulators, and any other groups
significantly impacted by the industry.
TSG
Technical Steering Group
UNSW
University of New South Wales
VCA
Vinyl Council of Australia
VCM
Vinyl Chloride Monomer
3. 02 Glossary
04 The PVC Life Cycle and Value Chain
05 Introduction
06 Summary
08 Commitment 1: Best Practice Manufacturing
08 Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM)
09 Environmental and Business Management Systems
10 Mercury
10 Life Cycle Thinking in the Design of New Products
11 Commitment 2: Safe and Sustainable use of Additives
11 Stabilisers and Pigments
12 Plasticisers
12 International Regulatory Developments
13 Open Disclosure
13 Legacy Additives
14 Commitment 3: Energy and Greenhouse Gas Management
14 Energy Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
15 Commitment 4: Resource Efficiency
15 Post-Industrial PVC Waste Minimisation
15 recoPVC
16 Vinyl Industry Recycling Strategy
17 Consumer Responsible Care
17 Packaging Waste
18 Commitment 5: Transparency & Engagement
18 Public Reporting
19 Stakeholder Engagement
20 Verification Statement
22 References
23 Signatories
Contents
5. 5
Introduction
The Vinyl Council of Australia (VCA), a member
-based peak industry body, was formed in 1998
to address concerns being raised about the
environmental impacts of the production, use and
disposal of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The VCA engages
stakeholders in the PVC supply chain in Australia
– those involved in its production, use and disposal
– to reduce collectively the life cycle impacts of PVC.
Initial concerns in the late 1990s were the use of lead
and cadmium during manufacture, the use of certain
plasticisers, upstream impacts of chemicals and
processes in manufacturing, the long term
consequences of PVC in landfill, and recycling uptake.
Figure 2: Five themes of the Australian PVC Stewardship
Program
In order to work effectively to address these, in 2002,
the PVC Product Stewardship Program was launched
as a voluntary initiative. Companies voluntarily signed
up to demonstrate their commitment to take actions
that would reduce the environmental impacts of PVC.
We define product stewardship as the shared
management of health, safety and environmental
impacts of our industry’s products and processes
throughout the entire life cycle. With the input and
feedback from stakeholders, the Program has
continued to evolve and 2015 saw the addition of
new commitments around waste, recycling and
encouraging a market for PVC recyclate.
To demonstrate compliance, Signatories annually
complete a comprehensive data survey. This report
contains the aggregated data from the survey
responses received, almost 8,000 data points
collectively. A third party, Ernst & Young, conducts
site audits to verify the data received from
approximately one in four Signatories and verifies
the final written report.
All but one Signatory completed the reporting process.
This company has been deemed non-compliant for
relevant criteria, for failure to prepare evidence for
verification by the external auditor, due to resourcing
issues. The company has been compliant in previous
years. This company is included in the calculation of
compliance rates for relevant criteria, displayed in
summary tables throughout the report. However,
for the purpose of avoiding repetition, this company
is excluded from the discussion of non-compliances.
The term ‘reporting signatories’ is used instead of
‘relevant signatories’ where a criteria was relevant
to this company.
The current Program addresses the life cycle of
PVC within five themes (Figure 2), with a number
of specific measures within each theme. This report
documents progress on each of these by Signatories
for 2015 and is structured by theme.
Video clip of the PVC supply chain
Reflecting stakeholder feedback, in order to better
describe the PVC value chain and the Program to
those not in the industry, we have created a short
video clip about the value chain summarised in
Figure 1.
Further information about the life cycle aspects that
the Program seeks to address and the commitments
to be met by Signatories can be found on our website
www.vinyl.org.au
Product Stewardship Program key areas
transparency
and engagement
resource
efficiency
best practice
manufacturing
safe and
sustainable
use of additives
energy and greenhouse
gas management
transparency
and engagement
resource
efficiency
best practice
manufacturing
safe and
sustainable
use of additives
energy and greenhouse
gas management
6. 6
Summary
Thirty two companies were Signatories to the
Program in 2015 (one less than 2014); two of them
were new (see Signatory List). Ten Signatories were
fully-compliant with all of the commitments relevant
to their business (Figure 3), earning them the VCA’s
Excellence in PVC Stewardship award (see Signatory
List). The average compliance rate was 80%.
One company has been deemed non-compliant for
failure to prepare evidence for verification by the
external auditor, despite the company complying
in previous years.
Overall Industry Performance
There were four new or modified commitments this
year. This, combined with the two new Signatories
and the non-complier, decreased overall compliance
compared to last year. Twenty-one Signatories
(65%) achieved at or above 80% compliance, short
of our key milestone of having 80% of Signatories at
or above 80% compliance. The other key milestone:
all Signatories at or above 50% compliance, was not
maintained from last year with three Signatory
companies not reaching this benchmark in 2015
(see Signatory List).
2015 saw the implementation of a number of
recommendations arising from energy audits
previously conducted. This resulted in an increase
in energy efficiency in Signatories’ operations and
a decrease of greenhouse gas emissions in the realm
of hundreds of tonnes.
New Commitments
Implementation of a new Resource Efficiency
commitment developed and agreed with industry
commenced in 2015. Signatories have committed to:
• minimise post-industrial PVC waste sent to landfill;
• incorporate recoPVC –recycled PVC from externally
sourced end of life PVC – into their products, and
• recycle safely and responsibly PVC containing
legacy additives.
Almost three quarters of relevant Signatories reported
using recoPVC (Figure 4) resulting in tonnes of
recoPVC being returned back into new product.
As Signatories develop more robust networks and
systems, the amount of recoPVC reported should
continue to increase, creating demand for waste PVC
collectors and reprocessors.
Additionally, all reporting Signatories were safely and
responsibly recycling end of life PVC that contains
legacy additives.
Finally, a voluntary additional commitment was
offered to Signatories related to packaging waste
(non-PVC). It allows us to collect baseline categorical
data on packaging waste management. Fourteen
Signatories have committed to achieve a 70%
recycling rate of waste generated from incoming
recyclable packaging materials. Initial results reveal
that the vast majority of this packaging waste is
diverted from landfill (Figure 7).
Stakeholder Engagement
In 2015 the VCA undertook a stakeholder engagement
process to provide an opportunity to discuss the
progress of the industry so far, as well as seek
feedback on how we report and present information.
Feedback came from a diverse range of people and
organisations. Such feedback is important for helping
us to identify where there is common ground, where
there remain concerns and to improve how and what
we communicate.
We have taken the feedback into consideration in
the preparation of this report. Our intention is to
provide factual reporting on Signatory progress as
well as inform external stakeholders about the PVC
life cycle and supply chain, the environmental
and health impacts of this polymer and how the
organisations within the supply chain are addressing
this in a dynamic manner.
The Program has come a long way since its inception
in 2002 and it will continue to evolve, taking into
consideration regulatory requirements, scientific
findings, stakeholder feedback and market forces.
We hope that the end users of PVC products continue
to seek products from Signatories to our Program.
We will continue to advocate for those companies
making great strides in assisting with the delivery of
a sustainable PVC industry in Australia.
7. 7
100
80
60
40
20
0
1.1.1 Residual VCM (S-PVC)
1.1.2 Residual VCM (E-PVC)
1.2.1 VCM emissions (S-PVC)
1.2.2 VCM emissions (E-PVC)
1.3 Environmental management
1.4 Mercury avoidance
1.5 Embed commitment in BMS
1.6 Life cycle thinking
2.1 Stabilisers & pigments
2.2 Plasticiser use
2.3 Open disclosure
2.4 Legacy additive
3.1 Energy/GHC in policy compliance
4.1 Post-industrial PVC Waste compliance
4.2 recoPVC compliance
4.3 Consumer responsible care compliance
4.4 Packaging waste
1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
PERCENTAGECOMPLIANCE
SIGNATORY
MILESTONE 1 – All Signatories ≥50% compliance
MILESTONE 2 – All Signatories ≥80% compliance
NUMBER OF SIGNATORIES
compliant partially-compliant non-compliant not applicable
2015 2014 2013 2012
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Figure 3: Compliance rate achieved by each of the 32 Signatories, compared to previous years and Milestone 1
(all Signatories at or above 50% compliance) and Milestone 2 (80% of Signatories at or above 80% compliance)
Figure 4: Compliance against each of the 20 commitments in the PVC Stewardship Program
8. 8
Commitment 1:
Best Practice Manufacturing
Commitments within this theme focus on the upstream production of PVC – the
sourcing of materials and manufacturing processes as well as business frameworks
and procedures that can support the development of best environmental practice.
This includes sourcing of Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) and chlorine.
TABLE 1: BEST PRACTICE MANUFACTURING COMMITMENTS
Percentages are for full compliance (FC) unless otherwise stated. PC: Partial Compliance
Issue 2015 Commitment Number of Relevant Signatories and their Type Compliance Rate
VCM emissions
from
manufacturing
< 30g VCM/ tonne S-PVC 1 Australian manufacturer of S-PVC resin 100%
< 1000g VCM/ tonne E-PVC 6
Suppliers of E-PVC resin
Purchasers of E-PVC resin from a
non-Signatory supplier
Importers of products made from E-PVC
83%
Residual VCM
in finished resin
< 1 part per million (ppm) in 99%
of S-PVC batches tested
27
Suppliers of S-PVC resin
Purchasers of S-PVC resin from a
non-Signatory supplier
Importers of products made from S-PVC
89%
< 1 ppm in 99% of E-PVC
batches tested
6
Suppliers of E-PVC resin
Purchasers of E-PVC resin from a
non-Signatory supplier
Importers of products made from E-PVC
83%
Environmental
management
systems (EMS)
Compliance with the PVC industry’s
Minimum Acceptable Standard for
environmental management
28
All manufacturing facilities in Australia
Have operational control over Australian
distribution or storage operations
75% FC
11% PC
Mercury
avoidance
Verify via suppliers that imported
VCM, PVC resin or PVC product is
sourced from mercury-free pro-
cesses.
25
Importer of VCM
Users of imported PVC resin
Importers of PVC finished or
semi-finished products
64%
Embed Program
Commitments
in BMS
Program commitments embedded
into company Business Management
Systems.
32 All Signatories
72% FC
3% PC
Life cycle
thinking
Consider whole-of-life in the
development of new PVC products.
9
Developers of new PVC products
during reporting year
100%
Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM)
Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM), the precursor to PVC,
is a known carcinogen. The Program seeks to reduce
VCM emissions during the manufacture of PVC and
to minimise VCM as a residual in the final PVC resin
supplied. Significant progress has been made in
reducing emissions to air and water since the 1970s
when the toxicity of VCM was realised and PVC
production was an ‘open’ process, exposing workers
to VCM. Closed production systems have largely been
in place since then and there has been no reported
case of the angiosarcoma associated with VCM
exposure in workers joining the PVC industry
since then.
The reaction of VCM to produce long chains of
molecules as PVC, is an efficient process; nevertheless
it is not a complete conversion. Unreacted monomer
must therefore be ‘stripped’ from the PVC, captured
and recycled in the process. A very small amount may
be emitted by manufacturing plants up licensed stacks
under strictly controlled regulatory limits or as
fugitive emissions.
9. 9
2015 RESULT
In 2015, the commitment to emit less than 30g VCM
per tonne of suspension PVC (S-PVC) manufactured
in Australia was met. In fact, the local manufacturer,
Australian Vinyls reported a result of less than 20g/tonne.
This manufacturer historically met approximately 75%
of local PVC resin consumption. However, it ceased
production in 2016 and all S-PVC will be imported
going forward.
E-PVC, or emulsion PVC is a different type of resin
to S-PVC and the manufacturing process is very
different. To provide the properties required of
E-PVC, the process to strip unreacted VCM from the
emulsion resin is less severe than that used for S-PVC
due to the more delicate structure of E-PVC resin.
As a consequence, more VCM is emitted to the
atmosphere under plant licences than for S-PVC.
Under the Program, a separate commitment relates
to sourcing of E-PVC by Signatories.
2015 RESULT
Six companies reported using E-PVC in their products.
Five confirmed that their suppliers met the commitment
of less than 1000g VCM emitted per tonne E-PVC
manufactured.
One company which supplies imported finished products
in Australia reported being unable to obtain the detailed
information required from upstream suppliers via
product manufacturers.
This commitment for E-PVC was introduced in 2011.
In view of industry improvements, it is to be reviewed
in 2016 with consideration of an update to the target.
A minute amount of unreacted VCM may remain
in the resin produced. The Program requires this
residual to be less than one part per million (ppm)
in both S-PVC and E-PVC to ensure downstream
workers are not at risk from exposure to VCM when
handling PVC resin. Data is collected from Signatories
who supply the market with resin and any importers
of products or local manufacturers who source resin
from non-Signatory suppliers.
2015 RESULT
S-PVC: Of 26 reporting Signatories, two were non-
compliant. One importer of PVC products reported using
resin that had residual monomer of 5ppm, the industry
standard in Europe. One product importer was unable to
obtain evidence from suppliers.
E-PVC: Of six reporting Signatories, one product importer
was non-compliant as they were unable to obtain
evidence from suppliers.
2016 ACTION
(1) Agree a new commitment to source S-PVC
from manufacturers with best practice,
low VCM emissions.
(2) Consider revision of the VCM emissions limit
for E-PVC.
(3) Work with Signatories on improving the sourcing
of information from upstream suppliers.
Environmental and Business
Management Systems
Documented Environmental Management Systems
(EMS) provide the internal governance for processes
and activities to monitor and reduce environmental
impacts at manufacturing sites.
2015 RESULT
There has been a continual improvement in Signatories
implementing EMS’s in their businesses: 21 (75%)
relevant Signatories had an appropriate environmental
management system (EMS) in place (69% in 2014) of
which 15 were ISO 14001 certified (16 in 2014).
Three reporting companies were deemed partially
compliant as they provided evidence that their overseas
factories had appropriate EMSs in place. One has begun
to create the necessary EMS documents for its local
operation. Of the three reporting companies that did not
have any form of EMS, one had procedures in place but
needs to formalise the paperwork and one was a small
business yet to develop an EMS.
In order to ensure a Signatory’s commitment to the
PVC Stewardship Program is properly integrated into
the company’s business operations, particularly in
view of the requirements for responsible sourcing
of raw materials and intermediates, the Program
contains a commitment to embed the Program targets
into company Business Management Systems (BMS).
In 2015, the VCA provided Signatories information on
the types of actions and documentation that can assist
in the integration of the Program commitments into
the BMS, in order to improve compliance with
the commitment.
2015 RESULT
Seventy-two percent of relevant Signatories had the
Program commitments embedded into their business
management systems (2014: 82%). Some of the smaller
companies struggle to put resources into developing
such systems. Nonetheless, two companies plan to reach
compliance in 2016.
10. 10
2016 ACTION
Continue to support smaller companies by providing
examples and / or mentors that will assist with
integrating the commitments into their BMS.
Mercury
There is international recognition that mercury has
adverse effects on human health and the environment.
Traditionally, mercury has been used upstream in the
PVC supply chain in some regions, for the production
of chlorine via electrolysis of salt using mercury cells
(see supply chain video). It is also used in a few
countries, particularly China, where PVC is produced
using an acetylene carbide process which requires
mercury catalysts.
2015 RESULT
Sixteen of the relevant Signatories (64%) reported that
they source materials from mercury-free processes.
Those that were non-compliant source resin from
Europe where producers comply with the European
Council of Vinyl Manufacturers’ (ECVM) Charter. That
Charter involves a commitment to phase out the use of
mercury in chlorine plants by 2017 (1). To the best of our
knowledge no resin was sourced by Signatories from
acetylene carbide processes.
2016 ACTION
Ensure new Signatories are aware of the resources
available to them to fulfil the commitment.
Life Cycle Thinking in the Design
of New Products
Consideration of the environmental impacts of
a product through every stage of its life cycle from
raw material extraction and supply, manufacture,
transport, use and end of life, maximises
opportunities to reduce that impact.
2015 RESULT
All nine Signatories that released a new product onto the
Australian market in 2015 confirmed life cycle thinking
was adopted in the design of the product. Initiatives
reported include increasing the amount of recycled
material in the product, design for recyclability at the
end of life of the product, and decreasing maintenance
requirements of the product (Figure 5).
Building rating tools and ecolabels are giving
increasing recognition to product manufacturers
or groups of manufacturers that have completed life
cycle assessments of their products and published
Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs).
Following the updating of the life cycle inventory for
PVC and its inclusion in AusLCI, the VCA has shared
educational information with Signatories to encourage
development of EPDs. In 2015, a specialist consultant
in conjunction with the Green Building Council of
Australia gave a webinar to the Signatories to explain
the benefits of EPDs and assist those interested in
developing EPDs. Two pipe producers who are
Program Signatories, Vinidex and Iplex, have recently
published EPDs for their PVC pipe products.
Best Environmental Practice PVC
Product Stewardship commitments
Recyclability at end-of-life
Recoverability at end-of-life
Packaging waste
Installation waste: reduce / reuse / recycle
Manufacturing waste: reduce / reuse
Recycled content
De-materialisation
Additive toxicity
Social costs / benefits
Maintenance costs / benefits
Durability and life span
Embodied water
Embodied energy
Emissions
Energy efficiency in use
Energy use in distribution
Energy use in manufacturing
Raw material sustainability
NUMBER OF SIGNATORIES
0 2 4 6 8 10
Figure 5: Types of life cycle
impacts considered by
Signatories in the design
of new products in 2015.
11. 11
Commitment 2:
Safe and Sustainable Use of Additives
Commitments within this theme focus on the materials added to PVC resin that
engender the desirable properties of the end product. Many different types of
additives may be used in PVC products safely. However, stakeholders have raised
concerns about the use of lead and cadmium stabilisers and low molecular weight
orthophthalate plasticisers such as DEHP. The Program has commitments in place
to address these concerns.
Stabilisers and Pigments
Lead, cadmium and hexavalent chromium are heavy
metals that have historically been used as stabilisers
and/or pigments in PVC products. In recognition of
the adverse health and environmental effects of these
heavy metals in the environment, Signatories
committed to cease their use and new Signatories
commit to establishing a phase out date. The phase
out of cadmium and hexavalent chromium has been
maintained since 2010. For lead stabilisers and
pigments, over 99.98% of use has been phased out
including all use in pipes, cables and profiles. None
of the heavy metals have been used in vinyl flooring
for many years.
TABLE 2: SAFE AND SUSTAINABLE ADDITIVES COMMITMENTS
Percentages are for full compliance (FC) unless otherwise stated. PC: Partial Compliance.
Issue 2015 Commitment
Number of Relevant
Signatories and their Type
Compliance Rate
Stabilisers
and
pigments
Avoid use of lead, cadmium and hexavalent
chromium additives.
New Signatories using these additives agree on specific
phase out dates upon joining the Program.
Any use is reported annually.
5
Currently use or
have used or supplied
lead / cadmium /
hexavalent chromium
based additives in the
past 3 years.
Lead stabilisers
1 Signatory partially compliant
Lead Pigments
1 Signatory non-compliant
Cadmium Stabilisers
& Pigments
Zero use
Hexavalent Chromium Pigment
Zero use
Plasticisers
Cooperate with regulatory authorities and
agencies regarding any issues associated with
the use of plasticisers.
Report the use of low molecular weight orthophthalates.
19
Manufacturers and
suppliers of flexible
PVC products and
compounds.
95% FC
Open
disclosure
Disclose the additives used in PVC products
to stakeholders upon request
27
Manufacturers and
suppliers of PVC
products.
74% FC
Legacy
additives
Meet relevant regulatory health and safety
obligations with respect to workers and customers.
Avoid use in inappropriate applications
(eg. children’s toys, medical devices, food
contact products).
20
All Signatories with
product containing
recyclate.
90% FC
2015 RESULT
In 2015, one Signatory reported using pigment
containing lead. It was technically required for the product
being made and the Signatory committed to phase it out
in 2016. A different signatory reported using stabilisers
containing lead. This was a new Signatory in their first
reporting year, and they have established a phase out date
in 2016 (this was deemed partially-compliant rather than
non-compliant).
Three other Signatories who used these additives in the
past three years confirmed no use in 2015.
12. 12
Plasticisers
Plasticisers afford PVC flexibility and thereby
increased potential end applications. There are
different types of plasticisers that can be used,
including orthophthalates, terephthalates and
non-phthalates. Orthophthalates are a group
consisting of several specific chemicals with varying
toxicity profiles, depending on the number of
carbon atoms in the molecular backbone. Some low
molecular weight orthophthalates have been
classified and restricted for use (Table 3).
Following comprehensive risk assessments of the
major orthophthalates in use in Australia by the
National Industrial Chemical Notification Assessment
Scheme (NICNAS – the chemical regulatory body
in Australia), Australian regulations prohibit the use
of the low molecular weight orthophthalate DEHP
(Diethylhexyl phthalate) in toys that are likely to be
mouthed by children under the age of three years and
in cosmetics (see Table 3).
The PVC industry in Australia, through the PVC
Stewardship Program monitors international
developments and scientific research into plasticisers
to improve understanding of their health and safety.
Signatories are committed to supporting Australian
regulatory authorities in measures that encourage
the market to cease the use of low molecular weight
orthophthalate plasticisers in any PVC application
where credible scientific authorities show evidence
of unacceptable health or environmental impacts.
The current international regulatory status for
orthophthalate plasticisers is summarised in Table 3.
2015 RESULT
Fifty nine percent of Program Signatories use
plasticisers. All report compliance with Australian
regulations on the use of phthalates. Four report use
of low molecular weight orthophthalates compared
to seven the previous years. The use of high molecular
weight orthophthalates and non-phthalate plasticisers
continues to grow.
International Regulatory Developments
Since mid 2013, Europe’s regulatory system
Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and
Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) has restricted use
of the low molecular weight phthalates DEHP, DBP,
BBP and DIBP unless expressly authorised by the
regulator for a particular use by specific applicants.
In the US, Proposition (Prop) 65 is an Act intended to
inform Californian consumers about the presence of
chemicals suspected to cause cancer, birth defects or
other reproductive harm in products they come into
contact with, through a product labeling requirement.
The American Office of Environment Health Hazard
Assessment (OEHHA) is the regulator that assesses
chemicals under this Act. If the Non-Significant Risk
Level (NSRL) is exceeded, then products containing
the assessed chemical must be labelled as such. In
2013 DINP was added to the list. In December 2015
the OEHHA issued a safe use determination (SUD)
for the use of DINP in single ply PVC roofing
applications (2). This means that certain PVC roofing
products containing DINP do not need a label
declaring the presence of DINP, as the concentration
has been determined to be safe.
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Figure 6: Lead used by PSP Signatories since the inception of the Program
13. 13
Open Disclosure
Recognising public concerns around the use of
chemicals in products, Signatories to the PVC
Stewardship Program commit to disclose ingredients
of their products to stakeholders who enquire.
Many provide this information more generally
through Material Safety Data Sheets.
2015 RESULT
Seventy-four percent of Signatories manufacturing
or marketing products in Australia openly disclose
information to end users or specifiers on the chemical
additives used in their product. Non-compliance with this
commitment was largely related to not being able
to demonstrate they had a system in place to record
stakeholder requests.
2016 ACTION
Continue to support smaller companies by providing
examples and / or procedures that will facilitate
open disclosure.
Legacy Additives
PVC is recyclable. However due to the long life span
of PVC products (indeed the vast majority are
designed to last for 15–100 years), recovered PVC
may contain additives that are no longer used today,
for example lead or cadmium. These are called legacy
additives. Although the products containing these
additives were safe for use, the granulation and
reprocessing of the material may liberate the
additives, potentially exposing workers to them.
In order to optimise recovery and recycling of
PVC that may contain these legacy additives, rather
than landfill the PVC, Signatories commit to recycle
such material in a safe and responsible manner.
An example is the use of recyclate in the middle
(sandwich) layer of pipes.
2015 RESULT
Ninety percent of relevant reporting Signatories were
fully-compliant with the commitment, taking into
consideration all pertinent regulations, occupational
health and safety requirements and suitability for end
use. One Signatory was deemed non-compliant because
it was unable to confirm whether recyclate contained
legacy additives.
TABLE 3: CURRENT INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY
STATUS OF SIX COMMONLY USED ORTHOPHTHALATE
PLASTICISERS
AUSTRALIAN REGULATIONS
(3, 4, 5)
OTHER NATIONAL REGULATIONS
(6, 7, 8)
High (H) Or Low (L) Molecular
Weight Orthophthalates
L
(DBP, BBP, DEHP)
H
(DIDP, DINP, DNOP)
L
(DBP, BBP, DEHP)1
H
(DIDP, DINP, DNOP)
Flooring No restrictions No restrictions
Authorisation would be
required [Europe]
No restrictions
(Europe)
Cable No restrictions No restrictions
Authorisation would be
required [Europe]
No restrictions
(Europe)
Food Packaging
No restrictions,
however chemical
migration from food
packaging is under
review by FSANZ
No restrictions
DBP, BBP, DEHP, DIDP, DINP & DNOP
limited to certain migration limits
Medical Devices No restrictions No restrictions
Specific labelling
required 2
No restrictions
(Europe)
Children’s Toys and
Mouthable Objects
DEHP restricted to
less than 1%
No restrictions
DBP, BBP, DEHP, DIDP & DINP
Limited to levels less than 0.1% (USA, Europe)
1
DBP, BBP and DEHP were listed as substances of very high concern under the REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of
Chemicals) regulation in 2008. The sunset date – after which the substance cannot be used or imported to the European Union without prior
authorisation from ECHA, was February 2015. Any company wishing to use any of these chemicals must have made a specific application to ECHA
by August 2013. The period for authorized use lasts until February 2019 unless otherwise agreed with ECHA.
2
Uses in the immediate packaging of medicinal products covered under Regulation (EC) No 726/2004, Directive 2001/82/EC, and/or Directive 2001/83/EC.
14. 14
Commitment 3:
Energy and Greenhouse Gas Management
Commitments within this theme assist Signatories
to improve their energy productivity and reduce
the carbon footprint of PVC products.
Signatories have committed to improving the
energy efficiency of their operations and reducing
the carbon footprint of their products by agreeing to
the PVC Industry Charter on Energy and Greenhouse
Gas Emissions. Through the Charter, Signatories
have been encouraged to understand their energy
consumption, identify areas for improved energy
efficiency within their own operations and their
logistic supply chain, and to use recycled PVC to
reduce their product’s carbon footprint. The VCA
supported Signatories through educational
webinars, presentations and access to State
government programs.
2015 RESULT
All reporting companies were compliant or partially-com-
pliant with the charter. This indicates they had some or all
of the following measures in place:
• a policy committing to measure and manage energy
and GHG emissions;
• plans to reduce energy consumption and emissions;
and
• actions to reduce the company’s carbon footprint.
As with previous years, small companies and first time
reporters have more to do to achieve full compliance.
Three actions came out of last year’s annual report
with respect to this commitment. These were all
completed in 2015.
First, the Office of Environment and Heritage NSW
and VCA signed a Memorandum of Understanding
(MOU) which provides NSW-based Signatories
priority access to the government’s Energy Saver and
Sustainability Advantage funding programs which
assist businesses to understand their energy use
and implement energy saving opportunities. Three
Signatories took advantage of these programs in 2015
and hundreds of tonnes of GHG emissions have been
prevented as a result. The MOU remains in place for
other Signatories to take up the offer.
Second, to assist Signatories in understanding GHG
emissions as a result of transport and freight, the
VCA held an information session run by the Supply
Chain & Logistics Association of Australia (SCLAA).
The presentation focused on practical ways for
companies to improve energy efficiency in warehouses
and in their freight and pointed Signatories to a freely
available tool to quickly determine potential financial
savings available.
Finally, case studies have been collated and published
on the Vinyl Council website to share information on
Signatories’ energy efficiency success stories.
These actions were intended to close the gap on full
compliance, however the results show there is still
work to be done by the VCA to support Signatories
striving to achieve compliance.
2016 ACTION
(1) Continue to support smaller companies by
providing examples and / or tools that will assist
with measuring energy and implementing an energy
efficiency improvement policy.
(2) Continue to act as a conduit between government
and other bodies seeking to assist businesses
decrease their energy consumption and
GHG emissions.
(3) Continue to publish case studies to share learnings.
TABLE 4: ENERGY AND GREENHOUSE GAS
Percentages are for full compliance (FC) unless otherwise stated. PC: Partial Compliance.
Issue 2015 Commitment
Number of Relevant Signatories
and their Type
Compliance Rate
Energy and GHG
Management
Comply with PSP Charter 32
Manufacturers
Those with operational control over
Australian distribution or supply
operations
69% FC
28% PC
15. 15
Commitment 4:
Resource Efficiency
A new commitment was introduced to the Program in 2016
to encourage resource efficiency and to set measurable targets
for improvement. Commitments within this theme aim to reduce
the depletion of resources by improving resource efficiency,
reducing the quantity of material lost to landfill and by controlling
the loop on material, bringing it back into production of
quality finished goods.
Post-Industrial PVC
Waste Minimisation
Post industrial waste, such as factory floor waste,
cannot always be used as feed stock for reintegration
into the manufacturing process. The applicable
Signatories commit to measure the amount of post
industrial waste and minimise PVC scrap sent to
landfill to less than two percent of total production
of saleable PVC. If non-compliant, the Signatory
agrees to devise an improvement plan.
2015 RESULT
This commitment was relevant to 13 Signatories of
which 12 already meet the <2% target. The remaining
company has put an improvement plan in place. On
average, the amount of post-industrial PVC waste sent
to landfill was less than one percent of total production
of saleable PVC. This suggests the companies are highly
resource efficient.
recoPVC
All local converters, compounders or suppliers of
imported PVC products to the Australian market are
encouraged to use externally sourced, recycled PVC
(recoPVC) where product standards permit to help
drive demand for recoPVC.
RecoPVC includes, but is not limited to:
• end-of-life products collected through take-back
schemes
• industrial waste collected from another unrelated
manufacturer
• installation off-cuts collected via the building
industry.
2015 RESULT
Relevant to 26 Program Signatories, 16 confirmed
they used recoPVC in the products they supply. Three
additional companies confirmed using recoPVC but
failed to report the required details.
TABLE 5: RESOURCE EFFICIENCY COMMITMENTS
Percentages are for full compliance (FC) unless otherwise stated. PC: Partial Compliance.
Theme 2015 Commitment
Number of Relevant Signatories
and their Type
Compliance
Rate
Post-industrial
PVC product
waste
Collect baseline data and if necessary, put in
place an improvement plan to achieve <2%
post-industrial PVC waste sent to landfill as a
percentage of the total production of saleable
PVC product.
13
Manufacturers of resin in Australia,
compounders and Australian converters
100%
RecoPVC
Use recoPVC in the PVC products supplied
to the Australian market.
26
Local Compound Manufacturers
Local Converters
Importers / Distributors
62% FC
12% PC
Consumer
Responsible
Care
Publicly inform consumers on how to and
where to reuse, recycle or dispose of PVC
product at end-of-life safely.
28
Suppliers of PVC goods, resin or compound
in the Australian market 68% FC
4% PC
Packaging
waste
70% recycling rate for waste from incoming
recyclable packaging materials related to
manufacture or supply of PVC products.
Undertake actions to encourage recycling
of packaging material leaving the facility.
14
Voluntary, relevant to all local resin and
compound manufacturers, local converters
and manufacturers of intermediates and
suppliers of imported PVC products to the
Australian market.
93%
16. Local converter Signatories used 770 tonnes of
recyclate. Additionally, importers and distributors have
confirmed with their international suppliers that recoPVC
is contained in products they marketed in Australia.
2016 ACTION
[1] Continue to collect baseline data in 2016 to prepare
for future measurement and target setting.
[2] Continue actions that create market pull for recycled
end of life material through implementation of the
Vinyl Industry Recycling Strategy.
Vinyl Industry Recycling Strategy
In 2011 the VCA launched the Vinyl Industry
Recycling Strategy after consultation with a wide
range of stakeholders. The vision of the strategy was
to create a viable long term PVC recycling practice in
Australia.
Key outcomes since include:
1. Establishing a database listing the key players,
market size and recycling best practice for rigid
profiles, pipe, coated fabrics, flooring and
medical products;
2. Strengthening networks between stakeholders;
3. Increasing focus on product design;
4. Encouraging market pull for recyclate;
5. Securing grant applications for reprocessing trials;
6. Developing recycling guidelines for cable and
7. New investment and participants in PVC recycling.
In 2015 a second consultation summit was held
to bring together stakeholders to reflect on progress
to date as well as identify any opportunities, gaps
and desired future outcomes. The updated strategy
resulting from this second Summit aimed at
facilitating growth in sustainable recycling practices
in Australia. It is anticipated this will be achieved by:
1. Measuring PVC recycling more accurately;
2. Developing market pull for PVC recyclate by
growing end user demand;
3. Supporting and increasing the number of PVC
reprocessors in Australia and
4. Encouraging design for recycling by PVC
product manufacturers.
PVC Coated Polyester Fabric
Recycling Project
An interdisciplinary collaboration between the VCA
and Monash University Departments of Design and
Chemical Engineering sought methods to reduce the
1,200,000 m2
of PVC coated polyester advertising
banners landfilled per year. The aim of the project
was to discover design opportunities for this end of
life material. Students developed two 100% recycled
materials from the regrind particulate: a roll-formed
skin and a press-formed tile.
Design works stemming from the research were
exhibited at the MADA Gallery. Titled ‘ReFORM’,
the show comprised of six installations that represent
prototypical process alongside design outcomes.
Students gave feedback that having access industry
knowledge and expertise through industry partners
in the program was key to the success of the project.
Broadening Research
In late 2015 the NSW Environment Trust as part of
the NSW EPA’s Waste Less, Recycle More initiative,
provided the VCA grants to support two projects:
1. Coated fabric / advertising banners – extending
the 2015 project to look for new uses for this
recyclate. Partners include UNSW, Monash
University, Signatories: Welvic and Rojo Pacific;
PMG Engineering, and Outdoor Media Association.
2. Commercial flooring – to find viable methods
of collecting and reprocessing flooring waste
and end uses for the recycled material. The team
includes a research assistant in chemistry at
UNSW, reprocessors, a building product
manufacturer, and Signatories: Armstrong World
Industries, Gerflor, Tarkett and other members
of the Australian Resilient Flooring Association.
This funding will enable the VCA to extend its earlier
research, continue to strengthen networks, encourage
market pull, support reprocessors and encourage
design for recycling.
17. 17
Medical PVC recycling
Initiated by the VCA and Western Health in 2009,
this world-first program has continued to grow with
the number of participating hospitals nearly doubling
from 32 to 60 by the end of 2015. The quantity
recovered for recycling rose to 10,000kg /month.
Baxter Healthcare and VCA collaborated on creating
new explanatory videos, metrics and a dedicated
website (to be launched in 2016). The VCA continues
to receive enquiries from Australian hospitals, a
growing number of local councils, and overseas
countries starting their own trials for PVC recycling.
The target for this project is over 2,000 tonnes when
fully operational.
Consumer Responsible Care
Suppliers of PVC goods, resin or compound recognise
that consumers and end users need to understand
what options there are for PVC products at the end of
their service life. Signatories are encouraged to make
information available to the public on how and where
to reuse, recycle or dispose of product at end-of-life.
2015 RESULT
Over two-thirds of relevant Signatories provided public
information on ways to dispose and recycle their products.
Packaging Waste
A new, voluntary initiative was introduced in 2015
to which 14 companies have signed. These Signatories
aim by end 2016, to achieve a 70% recycling rate of
incoming recyclable packaging materials connected
to the manufacture or supply of PVC products and
to undertake actions to encourage the recycling of
packaging material that leaves their facility.
2015 RESULT
Thirteen of the Signatories report recycling more than
70% of incoming packaging waste. The remaining
Signatory failed to report relevant information.
Demonstrating the wide spectrum of business types and
activities that Signatories represent, over 30 different
types of used packaging were identified and actions
reported (Figure 7). Signatories categorised each item
according to its treatment: reuse, recycle / reprocess,
combined, landfill or not applicable. Most items are
recycled, reprocessed, reused or a combination of those.
Wrap, strapping and tapes are the most frequently
landfilled items.
Figure 7: Types of packaging waste recycled by
Signatories and number of Signatories undertaking
this recycling.
Sheet plastic
Slip Sheets
Timber
Polystyrene
Foam
Strapping tape
Packing tape
Masking tape
Metal strap
Plastic strap
Foam wrap
Overwrap
Stretch wrap
Bubble wrap
Shrink wrap
Cardboard tubes
Labels
Plastic end caps
Metal pallets
Plastic pallets
Timber pallets
Bulk bags
PE / plastic sacks
Paper sacks
Timber crate
Bulk box
Octabin
IBC
Cardboard
Drums
NUMBER OF SIGNATORIES
PACKINGTYPE
0 5 10 15 20
recycled / reprocessed
reused
combination
landfilled
18. 18
Commitment 5:
Transparency and Engagement
Public Reporting
The reporting process involves the gathering of
data from 32 diverse companies related to different
parts of their supply chain and various types of
business activity.
2015 RESULT
Seven Signatories were independently audited and this
report was verified by a third party, Ernst & Young,
to provide an independent opinion on the accuracy of
data and the statements in the report. A copy of their
Limited Assurance Statement is provided at the end
of this report. An eighth company selected for audit failed
to gather its evidence together in time for assessment.
This company is deemed non-compliant for 2015.
2016 ACTION
(1) Continue to work closely with Signatories to assist
them with the reporting process.
(2) Publish independently audited annual PSP report
by 31 May 2017.
(3) Publish 5 year review of the effectiveness of the
Program by 31 March 2018.
The collection and analysis of data is highly complex,
particularly given global manufacturing chains and
sourcing of raw materials. In late 2015 a significant
change was occurring in the market with the
planned, permanent closure of Australia’s only PVC
resin manufacturer in early 2016. This will have a
significant effect on Signatories’ supply chains
going forward.
For more information on improvements Signatories
have made to their operational activities as a result
of the Program, see the case studies section of our
website. More information about the PVC value chain,
the Vinyl Council of Australia, and the Program can
be found at www.vinyl.org.au
Research Monitoring
The Vinyl Council makes use of various forums
and tools to monitor scientific and regulatory
developments locally and internationally relevant to
the potential health and environmental impacts of the
PVC product life cycle. These include TSG meetings,
VCA member meetings and events, conferences and
seminars, regular emailed news briefings, website,
etc. These were used to advise members of scientific
developments, particularly on the subject of
orthophthalate plasticisers, REACH and other
regulatory developments, NICNAS’ assessment of
chemicals, and tools and techniques available to
measure different environmental impacts such as
GHG emissions and Environmental Product
Declarations.
The Council and the Program Signatories recognise
the importance and value in being transparent
about the activities and performance of the industry
in Australia.
TABLE 6: TRANSPARENCY AND ENGAGEMENT
Percentages are for full compliance (FC) unless otherwise stated. PC: Partial Compliance.
Theme 2015 Commitment Applicable to
Compliance
Rate
Public
Reporting
Publish independently verified annual performance report.
The Vinyl Council
of Australia
100%
Publish an evaluation of the Program every five years, next due in 2018.
Research
Monitoring
Monitor national and international scientific research and share pertinent
information with Signatories and stakeholders, including updates on
pertinent issues and development related to aspects of the PVC life cycle.
Stakeholder
Engagement
Encourage participation of industry and external stakeholders on the
Technical Steering Group responsible for monitoring and reporting on the
implementation of the PVC Stewardship Program.
19. Stakeholder Engagement
The Technical Steering Group (TSG), made up of
stakeholders within the PVC supply chain, as well
as representatives from scientific, regulatory and
government bodies, meets quarterly. The primary
purpose is to oversee the Program’s evolution and
performance. This forum also provides opportunity
for exchange of information on regulatory updates and
the latest developments in research and innovation.
In 2015, after the launch of the 2014 annual report,
the VCA undertook a stakeholder engagement process
to understand and provide an opportunity to discuss
the progress of the industry. It also sought feedback
on how we report and present information. We used
an on-line facilitated platform to make it easier for
stakeholders from anywhere in Australia and abroad
to participate. Feedback came from a diverse range of
people and organisations. A number of stakeholders
spoke very favourably about the industry’s progress,
reporting and transparency. Some provided useful
critical perceptions. Such feedback is important for
helping us to identify where there is common ground,
where there remain concerns and to improve how and
what we communicate.
In response to specific requests, a short video has been
created to better describe the PVC value chain to those
not in the industry. The video clip can be viewed from
on the Vinyl Council’s website.
Other stakeholder engagement during 2015 included
holding our second PVC ReSource Summit to create
further alliances and update the industry strategy
for PVC recovery and recycling in Australia. Some
outcomes of this forum have been summarized in
Figure 8.
We attended relevant conferences both to demonstrate
leadership and learn from others. At the New Zealand
WasteMINZ conference, we gave a presentation on
Life Cycle Thinking and another on developing a
successful PSP.
19
Figure 8: Summary of the activities and outcomes
of the 2015 ReSource Summit a forum for creating
alliance and plans for PVC recovery and recycling.
20. A member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation
Ernst & Young
8 Exhibition Street
Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
GPO Box 67 Melbourne VIC 3001
Tel: +61 3 9288 8000
Fax: +61 3 8650 7777
ey.com/au
Independent Limited Assurance Statement to the Board of Directors of the Vinyl
Council of Australia
The Vinyl Council of Australia (the ‘VCA’) has
commissioned Ernst and Young (‘EY’) to provide
independent limited assurance in order to state
whether anything has come to our attention to
suggest the subject matter detailed below as
presented in the 2015 PVC Stewardship Program
Annual Progress Report (the ‘PSP Report’), has not
been reported, in all material respects, in accordance
with the criteria below.
Subject Matter
The Subject Matter for our assurance engagement
for the year ended 31 December 2015 is the
extraction of 53 selected statements and their
inclusion in the PSP Report. The statements present
data and activities which indicate performance of the
VCA – refer to Appendix A for a list of the 53
statements.
Criteria
The VCA has set out the Criteria for reporting against
the Subject Matter for each commitment as part of
the Australian PVC industry's PVC Stewardship
Program in the form of a 'Commitment Guide' and
'Reporting and Verification Guide'.
The Responsibility of Management
The management of the VCA is responsible for the
preparation and presentation of the Subject Matter in
the PSP Report in accordance with the above
Criteria, and is also responsible for the selection of
methods included in the Criteria. No conclusion is
expressed as to whether the selected methods used
are appropriate for the purpose described above.
Further, the VCA’s management is responsible for
establishing and maintaining internal controls
relevant to the preparation and presentation of the
Subject Matter that is free from material
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error; selecting
and applying appropriate criteria; maintaining
adequate records and making estimates that are
reasonable in the circumstances.
Assurance Practitioner’s Responsibility
Our responsibility is to express a limited assurance
conclusion on the extraction of data presented in the
PSP Report based on our assurance engagement, in
accordance with ASAE3000 ‘Assurance
Engagements other than Audits or Reviews of
Historical Financial Information’ and in accordance
with the terms of reference for this engagement as
agreed with the VCA.
Summary of Procedures Undertaken
Our procedures, undertaken between March to June
2016, included but were not limited to:
► Checking the factual accuracy of the information
presented in the PSP Report by examining the
data and information contributing to the 53
statements (covering all commitments
presented in the Criteria) and checking that it
has been extracted correctly from the VCA’s
internal systems
► Reading the PSP Report for any significant
anomalies, particularly in relation to VCA
activities and trends in data
► Obtaining an understanding of the VCA’s key
systems and processes used for managing,
analysing and reporting Signatory performance
information
► Interviews with key personnel responsible for
collating and writing sections of the PSP Report
to understand the reporting process.
In addition, as part of our engagement we conducted
site visits and agreed information submitted by the
following seven Signatories to supporting
documentation:
► Altro APAC Pty Ltd
► Baxter Healthcare Pty Ltd
► Berry Plastics (Australia) Pty Ltd
► CMS Electracom Pty Ltd
► Pegulan Floor Floor Coverings Pty Ltd
► Primpalas Pty Ltd
► Rehau Pty Ltd
Use of our Report
Our limited assurance report has been prepared for
distribution to the management and directors of the
VCA. We disclaim any assumption of responsibility
for any reliance on this assurance statement or on
the Subject Matter to which it relates, to any person
other than management and directors of the VCA, or
for any purpose other than that for which it was
prepared.
Verification Statement
20
21. A member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation
Page 2
Independence, Competence and Experience
In conducting this assurance engagement, EY has
met the requirements of our Independence Policy. EY
confirms that we are not aware of any issues that
could impair our objectivity in relation to this
assurance engagement. EY has not had any part in
collecting and calculating data, or in preparing any
part of the Report.
Limitations
The scope of work covered the Subject Matter
referred to above as included in the Report. EY did
not provide assurance over the data. Specifically
excluded from our scope was source data presented
to the VCA from Signatories, other than for those
Signatories listed above, which were assessed by
undertaking site visits and documentation reviews.
Matters Relating to Electronic Presentation of
Information
Our limited assurance engagement included web-
based information that was available via web links as
of the date of this statement. We provide no
assurance over changes to the content of this web-
based information after the date of this limited
assurance statement.
Conclusion
Based on our limited assurance procedures, nothing
has come to our attention to indicate that the Subject
Matter (as described above), as presented in the
PSP Report, is not prepared fairly in all material
respects, in accordance with the above mentioned
criteria.
Recommendations
Based on our limited assurance engagement a
number of recommendations are highlighted below
for VCA Executive’s benefit:
► Recommendation one: Continue progress in
developing the commitments and reporting
requirements.
► Recommendation two: Continue to develop and
document internal quality check procedures to
improve accuracy and reliability of reporting.
► Recommendation Three: Continue to strengthen
communication between VCA and Signatories
for better understanding of evidence
requirements of Signatories.
► Recommendation four: Continue to promote
templates and other resources to support
Signatories to be compliant.
Emphasis of Matter
Without qualifying our opinion, we draw attention to
the Limitations paragraph above which states that,
with the exception of the seven signatories listed
above, we did not provide limited assurance over the
data provided by the signatories. Our procedures in
respect of the information provided by the seven
signatories identified data discrepancies which have
been corrected in the PSP Report. We recommend
that going forward the VCA improves its internal
controls in place, relevant to the preparation and
presentation of the Subject Matter.
Ernst & Young
Melbourne, Australia
26th
October 2016
21
22. 1. Mercury. Euro Chlor 17. http://www.eurochlor.org/chlorine-
industry-issues/mercury.aspx
2. Chemical Watch. California issues DINP safe use
determination for PVC roofing. Global Risk and
Regulation News. [Online] December 2015.
https://chemicalwatch.com/43886/california-issues-dinp
-safe-use-determination-for-pvc-roofing.
3. Department of Health NICNAS. Priority Existing
Chemical Assessment Report 36 Dibutyl phthalate.
Canberra : Australian Government Canberra, 2013.
4. Department of Health NICNAS. Priority Existing
Chemical Assessment Report 40 Butyl benzyl phthalate.
Canberra : Australian Government, 2015.
5. Department of Health NICNAS. Priority Existing
Chemical Assessment Report 32. Canberra : Australian
Government, 2010.
6. European Council for Plasticisers and Intermediates.
Regulation. Plasticisers and Flexible PVC Information Centre.
[Online] 2016. http://www.plasticisers.org/en_GB/regulation/
reach.
7. European Council for Plasticisers and Intermediates.
Medical Applications: DEHP in Medical Devices.
Plasticisers & Flexible PVC. [Online] http://www.plasticisers.
org/en_GB/applications/medical-devices.
8. REACH Annex XIV: REACH Authorization List 2016.
European Chemicals Agency. http://www.chemsafetypro.com/
Topics/EU/REACH_annex_xiv_REACH_authorization_
list.html.
References
23. Signatory List
2015-16 EXCELLENCE AWARD RECIPIENTS
Gold Compliance: 100%
Armstrong World Industries Pty Ltd http://www.armstrong-aust.com.au/
Australian Plastic Profiles Pty Ltd http://www.app.net.au/
Australian Vinyls Corporation Pty Ltd http://www.av.com.au/
Chemson Pacific Pty Ltd http://www.chemson.com/
Integrated Packaging Pty Ltd http://www.ipstretch.com/
Iplex Pipelines Australia Pty Ltd http://www.iplex.com.au/
Karndean International Pty Ltd http://www.karndean.com/en-au/floors
Pipemakers Pty Ltd http://www.pipemakers.com.au/
Plastral Pty Ltd http://www.plastral.com.au/
Sun Ace Australia Pty Ltd http://sunace.com.au/
Silver Compliance: 80-99%
Baxter Healthcare Pty Ltd http://www.baxterhealthcare.com.au/
CMS Electracom http://cmselectra.com/anz/
Cryogrind Australia Pty Ltd
Deceuninck Pty Ltd http://deceuninck.com.au/
Gerflor Australasia Pty Ltd http://www.gerflor.com.au/
Profine International Profile Group Gmbh http://www.profine-group.com/en/
Signature Floorcoverings Pty Ltd http://www.signaturefloors.com.au/
Stormtech Pty Ltd http://www.stormtech.com.au/
Tarkett Australia Pty Ltd http://www.tarkett.com.au/
Vinidex Pty Ltd http://www.vinidex.com.au/
Welvic Australia Pty Ltd http://www.welvic.com
Bronze Compliance: 50-79%
Altro APAC Pty Ltd http://www.asf.com.au
APN Compounding ** http://www.apncompounding.com/
Berry Plastics (Australia) Pty Ltd http://www.berryplastics.com.au/
Plustec Pty Ltd http://www.plustec.com.au/
Primaplas Pty Ltd http://www.primaplas.com.au/
Rojo Pacific Pty Ltd http://www.rojopacific.com.au/
TechPlas Extrusions Pty Ltd http://techplas.com.au/
Veka ** http://vekainc.com/
Compliance: < 50%
Pegulan Floor Coverings Pty Ltd http://www.pegulan.com.au/index2.asp
Rehau Pty Ltd https://www.rehau.com/au-en/
Not assessed
Kenbrock Flooring (Aust) Pty Ltd http://www.kenbrockflooring.com.au/
** First year reporting to the PSP
23
24. Published by the Vinyl Council of Australia
ABN 85 083 012 533
1.02 / 22 St Kilda Road, St Kilda Vic 3182
Tel 03 9510 1711
Email info@vinyl.org.au
www.vinyl.org.au