The document discusses fabric dyeing, printing, and finishing techniques, emphasizing the importance of dye selection and various methods such as fiber, yarn, and piece dyeing. It outlines printing techniques like roller, screen, rotary screen, heat transfer, and digital printing, each with distinct advantages and applications. The document highlights the processes and materials involved in achieving desired color effects on textiles.

1. Fabric Dyeing, Printing, and
Finishes

2. Dyeing
A method of giving color
to textiles using coloring
agents called dyes.

3. Dyeing
 is the application of dyes or pigments
on textile materials such as fibers.
 Dyeing is normally done in a special
solution containing dyes and particular
chemical material.

4. The primary source of dye,
 historically, has been nature, with the
dyes being extracted from animals or
plants.
 Since the mid-19th century, however,
humans have produced artificial dyes.
 to achieve a broader range of colors
and to render the dyes more stable to
washing and general use.

5. principle
Dye molecules are fixed to the
fiber by absorption, diffusion, or
bonding with temperature and
time being key controlling
factors.

6.  The bond between dye molecule and fiber
may be strong or weak, depending on the
dye used.
 Dyeing and printing are different
applications; in printing color is applied to a
localized area with desired patterns and
 in dyeing it is applied to the entire textile

7. Selection of dyes
 Selection of the appropriate dye is important
because any given dye is not applicable on
every type of fiber.
 Furthermore, resistance to washing, rubbing
and light differ among dyes.
 The choice of dye depends on the objective
in dyeing and which material is to be dyed

12. Materials and Equipment
Fabric
 Suitable fabrics include cotton, silk,
and wool.
 Synthetic fabrics (nylon, ployester, acrylics) will not
take a dye, so cannot be used.

13. • String, twine, cord, thread, and elastic bands
can be used as binders.
The finer the cord, the more lacy and delicate lines
are produced.
 Dyes
Generally for bril1iant colors use one package dye to
four cups boiling water and add one

14.  teaspoon.
 Newspapers
(to protect the floor or work surface)
 Rubber gloves
Wear old clothes, an old apron., or large garbage bag
to protect clothes.
 Rags (for cleaning up)
 Chemicals

15.  Working area
 Pen or pencil
 Bucket
 Heat sorce(stove)
 Scissor
 Table
 Water

16. Methods
 General Notes
Bindings must be wrapped and tied TIGHTLY to get
good color variations.
 Fabric may be rinsed under cold water after dyeing.
This gives a more hazy effect than
unrinsed work.
 When dyeing with two or more colors, fabric may be
dyed one color, then dried, then dyed

17.  Dipping into Dye: A quick dip into the dyebath
means the dye has less time to penetrate and
 you get bigger white and light areas. A longer time in
the dye (3 or 4 minutes) allows dye to
 penetrate more so you get more dark areas and less
white and light areas. Lines from
 crisscross bindings are less noticeable in a longer dip
than in a quick dunk. Dip small areas into
 the dye at one time or the background color will be
splotchy from overcrowding

18. Binding Methods
Spot Technique
 Plan carefully where they are to go because the spots
themselves
 aren't too exciting.
 Pick up tiny piece of fabric with needle.
 Wrap sewing thread around directly below needle.
 Tie tight.
 Remove needle.
 Dip in dye.
 Remove thread.

20. Circle Technique
 Pick up centre of circle and smooth folds formed
from it.
 Bind, dye, untie, dry.
 Radius of the circle is determined by the distance
from the point to the

21.  bottom of the bindings.
 Square Technique
 Fold fabric lengthwise through
 centre.
 Fold crosswise.
 Bind, dye, untie, dry.

23. Marbling
 Makes a beautifully hazy background for other media
such as stitchery
 and block printing.
 Squash fabric up into a ball.
 Bind in all directions until it is fairly hard.
 Dip in dye, remove, untie, dry.
 For second and/or third color, repeat bunching and
binding, trying to
 get cloth not already colored close to the surface.

25. Lines of Stripes
 fold fabric
 lengthwise, crosswise, or diagonally.
 Bind, dye, untie, dry

27. Ruching
 Fold fabric along centre of stripe.
 Place a line of machine stitching below fold, forming a casing.
 only large enough to slip a ruler or piece of wood through.
 Slip casing over wood and gather all the fabric up at one end of
 the stick.
 Bind and dye.
 Remove binding and machine stitching (and the ruler!).

29. Little Boxes
 Accuracy in folding is most important.
 Fold fabric once in direction of stripe.
 Accordion pleat at right angles to the first fold.
 Pleat in opposite direction to pleats just made.
 Bind and dye.
 Open unbound ends during dyeing to let dye reach
inner folds.

30. Little Boxes
 Accuracy in folding is most important.
 Fold fabric once in direction of stripe.
 Accordion pleat at right angles to the first fold.
 Pleat in opposite direction to pleats just made.
 Bind and dye.
 Open unbound ends during dyeing to let dye reach
inner folds.

32. Lattice
 Accordion pleat in one direction.
 Bind at even spaces, and dye; untie and dry.
 Accordion pleat in opposite direction.
 Bind in the same way, dye, untie, dry.
 Beauty of this method is its accuracy

34. Knotting
 Use fine fabric for these. Burlap and other heavy fabrics
 won't tie well.
 Roll or fold up fabric into a string, then tie it into knots
and
 dye.
 An alternate method is to tie a thick rope into knots and
 roll or fold cloth around it.
 Bind to the rope and dye.

36. Rope Technique
 Fabric may be rolled, twisted, or bunched into a
rope.
 Add bindings, dye, untie, let dry

37. Overstitching
 Fold fabric where design is to be.
 Taking deep stitches into the fabric, sew over top of
 the folds.
 Draw thread so tightly that it straightens out and the
 fold coils around it.
 Dip in dye; remove thread, let dry.

40. Colorfast
implies that the color in a fabric
will not fade or change with normal
use and care.

41. Textile products are dyed at the following stages:
Fiber (Excellent)
Yarn (Best)
Piece (Better)
Garment (Good)

42. Fiber Dyeing
Involves dyeing the fibers before
they are spun into yarns.
Advantages include:
Good colorfastness
Uniform color throughout fiber
Clear, rich colors

43. Fiber Dyeing

44. Yarn Dyeing
Involves dyeing the yarns before
weaving or knitting them into
fabric.
Advantages include:
Good color absorption

45. Fabric Examples include:
Plaids
Checks
Stripes

46. Yarn Dyeing

47. Piece Dyeing
Involves dyeing the fabric after it is
woven or knitted.
Advantages include:
Most common dyeing method
Lease expensive
Very fast

48. Disadvantages include:
Mostly solid colors
Less dye penetration into the fibers
and yarns

49. Piece Dyeing

50. Fabric Examples include:
Solid colored garments
“Heathered” garments

51. Garment Dyeing
Involves dyeing the garments to fill
retail orders for requested colors.
Advantages include:
This method is gaining in popularity.
Garment producers can wait and dye
only the colors ordered by stores.

52. Garment Dyeing

53. Fabric Printing
A process for adding color, pattern
or design to the surface of fabric.
It is done on the right side of the
fabric with the wrong side being
unprinted or much lighter than the
right side.

54. Roller Printing
Color for the design is applied to
fabric as it goes through a series of
rollers.
Rollers are engraved (carved) with the
design to be printed.
Each color has a different roller.

55. Advantages include:
Simple and fast
Inexpensive
Most common printing method

56. Roller Printing

57. Screen Printing
Done on flat screen frames and is
similar to stenciling.
Each color has its own screen.

58. Advantages include:
Good for large designs
Better quality designs than roller
printing method

59. Disadvantages include:
Slow printing method

60. Screen Printing by Hand

61. Screen Printing by Machine

62. Rotary Screen Printing
A combination of roller and screen
printing.
Dye is transferred through screens
that roll over the fabric.

63. Advantages include:
Can print large designs
Accurate and fast
This method is gaining in popularity.

64. Rotary Screen Printing

65. Heat Transfer Printing
The desired dyes and patterns are
placed onto paper using a rotary
screen printer. The paper is placed
on the fabric and with heat and
pressure the colors and patterns are
transferred to the fabric.

66. T-shirts are printed using this
method.
Like a “temporary tattoo” for fabric

67. Heat Transfer Printing

68. Digital Printing
The newest method of fabric
printing. It is like ink-jet printing
with a computer but rolls the fabric
through an extra-wide printer.
Droplets of color are “spit” onto the
fabric.

69. Advantages include:
Fast
Inexpensive
Environmentally safe
Can print small or large amounts of
fabric at the same time

70. Digital Printing