Vasco De Balboa
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Vasco de Balboa was a Spanish explorer born in 1475 who worked for a rich merchant before sailing with Columbus on his second voyage to the new world. In 1506, he discovered Puerto Rico and was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean, which he named the South Sea. As governor of Panama, Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama in 1513 and became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean. However, he was later accused of treason and beheaded in 1519.
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3) The third voyage departed from Sanlucar de Barrameda in 1498, making various stops in the Caribbean and along the coasts of present-day Venezuela and Trinidad.
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1) Spices were highly valued but could only be obtained from Asia, so European rulers sought a sea route to access spices more cheaply and make their countries wealthy.
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3) Powerful monarchs like the Kings of Spain and Portugal wanted to expand their empires across new territories for resources and slave labor to increase their dominance.
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Christopher Columbus was born in Italy in 1451 and grew up in a merchant family. He became interested in sailing as a teenager and made many voyages to Africa and Asia, gaining knowledge of ocean currents and trade routes. In 1492, Columbus received funding from the Spanish monarchs to sail west in search of a route to Asia. On his first voyage, he landed in the Bahamas instead of Asia, believing he had reached India. He established a settlement and returned to Spain with goods and native captives. His voyages opened the Americas to European colonization but had disastrous effects on native populations through disease, violence and exploitation. Columbus died in 1506 still believing he had reached Asia.
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Queen Elizabeth I gave Sir Walter Raleigh permission to establish the Roanoke colony in North America in 1585. The first group of 100 settlers struggled due to lack of supplies and Indian attacks, returning to England. In 1587, Raleigh sent another group led by John White, but White had to return to England for supplies, leaving the colony deserted with just the word "Croatoan" carved as a clue. The Roanoke colony ultimately failed due to lack of planning, supplies, and people to defend against enemy attacks and storms.
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Europeans explored for several key reasons:
1) Spices were highly valued but could only be obtained from Asia, so European rulers sought a sea route to access spices more cheaply and make their countries wealthy.
2) Gold represented wealth and power, and explorers hoped to find gold in new lands to enrich their home nations.
3) Powerful monarchs like the Kings of Spain and Portugal wanted to expand their empires across new territories for resources and slave labor to increase their dominance.
Who Really Discovered America?
While Christopher Columbus is often credited as the discoverer of America, there is evidence that others reached the Americas before him, including the Vikings, Japanese, and Irish monk Saint Brendan. The Vikings may have established a settlement in present-day Newfoundland or Nova Scotia as early as 1000 AD. Some pottery fragments found in Ecuador date to 5000 years ago and suggest the Japanese may have sailed across the Pacific. An Irish text describes a voyage by Saint Brendan in the 6th century that may have reached Newfoundland. Ultimately, the Native Americans who crossed the Bering Strait over 10,000 years ago were likely the first to discover America.
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Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire in the early 16th century. He sailed from Cuba to the Yucatan Peninsula in 1519 where he made contact with local populations and established a settlement. Cortés and his small army were welcomed into the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, which they later seized with the help of native allies who resented Aztec rule. This led to the fall of the entire Aztec Empire in 1521.
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CHAPTER 2Early Globalization The AtlanticWorld, 1492–16.docx
CHAPTER 2
Early Globalization: The Atlantic
World, 1492–1650
Figure 2.1 After Christopher Columbus “discovered” the New World, he sent letters home to Spain describing the
wonders he beheld. These letters were quickly circulated throughout Europe and translated into Italian, German, and
Latin. This woodcut is from the first Italian verse translation of the letter Columbus sent to the Spanish court after his
first voyage, Lettera delle isole novamente trovata by Giuliano Dati.
Chapter Outline
2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest
2.2 Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World
2.3 Challenges to Spain’s Supremacy
2.4 New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange
Introduction
The story of the Atlantic World is the story of global migration, a migration driven in large part by the
actions and aspirations of the ruling heads of Europe. Columbus is hardly visible in this illustration of his
ships making landfall on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (Figure 2.1). Instead, Ferdinand II of Spain (in
the foreground) sits on his throne and points toward Columbus’s landing. As the ships arrive, the Arawak
people tower over the Spanish, suggesting the native population density of the islands.
This historic moment in 1492 sparked new rivalries among European powers as they scrambled to create
New World colonies, fueled by the quest for wealth and power as well as by religious passions. Almost
continuous war resulted. Spain achieved early preeminence, creating a far-flung empire and growing
rich with treasures from the Americas. Native Americans who confronted the newcomers from Europe
suffered unprecedented losses of life, however, as previously unknown diseases sliced through their
populations. They also were victims of the arrogance of the Europeans, who viewed themselves as
uncontested masters of the New World, sent by God to bring Christianity to the “Indians.” The Spanish
enslaved Native Americans, forcing them to bring whatever gold could be found to fill Spanish coffers.
Chapter 2 Early Globalization: The Atlantic World, 1492–1650 39
2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Describe Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic and Spanish exploration of the
Americas, and the importance of these voyages to the developing Atlantic World
• Explain the importance of Spanish exploration of the Americas in the expansion of
Spain’s empire and the development of Spanish Renaissance culture
Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands in the 1400s inaugurated an era of aggressive European
expansion across the Atlantic. In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power.
This age of exploration and the subsequent creation of an Atlantic World marked the earliest phase of
globalization, in which previously isolated groups—Africans, Native Americans, and Europeans—first
came into contact with each other, sometimes with disastrous resu ...
AgeOfExploration_Part2.pptx
The document summarizes early European exploration led by the Portuguese in the 15th century, with Prince Henry the Navigator playing a key role in establishing navigation schools and exploring the west African coast for trade opportunities. It then discusses Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias being the first to round the Cape of Good Hope and Vasco da Gama discovering the sea route to India. Christopher Columbus's voyages of exploration for Spain in 1492 unintentionally led to the discovery of lands in the Americas. Subsequent explorers like Amerigo Vespucci, Ferdinand Magellan, Hernando Cortes, and Francisco Pizarro expanded European colonization and empires in the Americas.
Voyages and Adventures - Early Explorers
John Cabot was an Italian merchant who explored North America in the late 1400s while seeking a northwest passage to Asia, making him the first European to rediscover North America since the Vikings. Amerigo Vespucci explored South America and concluded it was a separate continent from Asia, leading to it being named America. Juan Ponce de Leon was a Spanish soldier who landed in Florida in 1513, becoming the first to set foot on the continental United States.
Christopher columbus victoria keogh
Christopher Columbus embarked on four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean between 1492 and 1504. He was initially sponsored by the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella and set out to find a western route to Asia. On his first voyage in 1492, he landed in the Bahamas and believed he had reached Asia, naming the indigenous peoples "Indians." His voyages led to the European colonization of the Americas and the beginning of widespread contact between the Eastern and Western hemispheres.
Christopher columbus victoria keogh
Christopher Columbus embarked on his voyages in the late 15th century to find a western trade route to Asia, driven by European desires for spices and gold. On his first voyage in 1492, Columbus landed in the Bahamas, believing he had reached Asia, and established a settlement on Hispaniola. His voyages opened the way for European colonization and exploration of the Americas. However, the native populations suffered greatly from European diseases and exploitation. Columbus's voyages expanded geographical and navigational knowledge and ultimately led to the naming of the lands he explored as the "New World."
Columbus essay
Christopher Columbus was a navigator who believed he could reach Asia by sailing west from Europe. In 1492, he received funding from the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella to embark on an expedition with three ships. After several weeks at sea, land was sighted on October 12th, which Columbus named San Salvador, believing he had reached Asia. In fact, he had discovered islands in the Caribbean that were part of a then unknown continent, which we now call America. Columbus went on to explore more of the Caribbean and returned to Spain, where he was received as a hero for his discoveries, which led to Spain becoming the most powerful empire in the world due to the wealth obtained from the new lands.
Welcome
This document provides an overview of the historical and cultural geography of North America. It discusses the major geographic regions of North America and their climates. It then focuses on the history and settlement patterns of various regions in North America, including exploration by Europeans, the French and Spanish settlements, the 13 original British colonies, and the cultural differences that developed between the North and South of the United States.
Explore & america notes
During the 1400s and 1500s, European explorers set sail on voyages of discovery inspired by desires for wealth, trade routes, glory and spreading religion. Advances in navigation technologies like the compass and shipbuilding allowed the Portuguese and Spanish to establish the first colonies in the Americas, conquering native empires like the Aztecs and Incas through alliances, technology and disease. Other European powers soon joined the exploration and colonization efforts.
Lecture 1.2
1) In 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed west from Spain in an attempt to reach Asia but instead landed in the Caribbean, beginning European exploration and colonization of the Americas.
2) Over the next few centuries, European powers including Spain, England, France, and the Netherlands established colonies throughout North and South America for wealth, trade, and religion.
3) The early English colonies included Jamestown in 1607 and Plymouth in 1620, while other colonies like Maryland and Pennsylvania embraced religious tolerance. Colonization brought not only Europeans but also African slaves and farmers from other nations.
Age of exploration
Between 1500-1800:
- European powers expanded globally through exploration and colonization motivated by trade, wealth, and religion. Portugal led expansion in Africa and Asia while Spain dominated in the Americas.
- The slave trade dramatically increased to supply labor for American plantations, devastating parts of Africa and changing its political/social structures.
- Europeans established overseas colonies and trading posts in Asia, Africa and the Americas, transforming global economics and introducing mercantilism. Their presence impacted politics, culture and religion in conquered regions.
Spanish crossings
This document profiles several important Spanish explorers, navigators, and conquistadors from the 15th and 16th centuries. It discusses Christopher Columbus and his four voyages of exploration between 1492 and 1503. It also briefly summarizes the voyages and discoveries of Alonso de Ojeda, Vicente Yañez Pinzon, Vasco Nunez de Balboa, Juan Diaz de Solis, Ferdinand Magellan, Juan Sebastian El Cano, and Hernando de Soto.
Theme3 spain and portugal
The document provides background on the histories of Portugal, Spain, and their colonial empires. It discusses how Portugal and Spain rose to become global colonial powers between the 15th-16th centuries through exploration and conquest. It also profiles individuals from Portuguese and Spanish colonies in America, including indigenous leaders, settlers, and those of mixed heritage.
The conquest
The conquest of Colombia occurred between 1500 and 1550 and is divided into four periods:
1. Corresponding to Christopher Columbus' travels along the coasts.
2. Europeans like Rodrigo de Bastidas explored the Caribbean coast and discovered the Magdalena River valley.
3. Conquerors like Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada began exploring the interior of the country, founding Santa Fe de Bogotá in 1538.
4. After Vasco Núñez de Balboa founded Santa María del Darién in 1510, conquistadors like Alonso de Ojeda discovered the Pacific Ocean in 1513.
Early Explorers 2
The document provides biographies of several early explorers:
- John Cabot discovered areas of North America in 1497 while sailing for England and looking for routes to Asia. Other explorers mentioned include Sebastian Cabot, Christopher Columbus, Erik the Red, and Leif Ericson.
- Later explorers who mapped coastal areas and explored inland regions included Vasco da Gama, Amerigo Vespucci, Ferdinand Magellan, and Jacques Cartier. Many were sponsored by European powers looking to expand trade routes and territories.
- Explorers in North America included figures like Henry Hudson, Louis Joliet, Father Marquette, Robert de La Salle, and Daniel Boone, who opened areas of the
Age Of Discovery
The Age of Discovery from the 15th to 17th centuries saw European ships traveling the world in search of new trade routes and goods. Key developments included improved ship technologies like the caravel and carrack, as well as navigational tools like the compass and astrolabe. Major European explorers mapped unknown lands and encountered indigenous peoples in places like North and South America, establishing colonies and bringing back goods in the Columbian Exchange.
Christopher columbus
Christopher Columbus sailed west in 1492 hoping to reach Asia but instead landed in the Caribbean, believing he had found a new route to Asia. When he returned to Spain claiming to have found the Indies off the coast of Asia, the king sent men to arrest Columbus for lying about the location. Columbus was stripped of his titles and lost respect as a navigator. Later in the 19th and 20th centuries, historians reconsidered Columbus and recognized his role in discovering the Americas, even if he did so unwittingly.
Explorers powerpoint 2
The document provides information about European exploration of North America led by Christopher Columbus, Vasco Núñez de Balboa, Juan Ponce de León, Henry Hudson, and Jacques Cartier. It describes the reasons for and accomplishments of their expeditions for Spain, France, and England, including discovering parts of North and South America and interactions with Native Americans that involved both cooperation and conflict.
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Vasco De Balboa
- 2. He worked for a rich merchant
- 4. Life Balboa’s family was not very wealthy people so he worked for a rich merchant Balboa lived in Hispaniola and raised pigs for a living Balboa became Puerto Rico’s governer The king made balboa the new governer of D
- 5. Early Pears Poor family Worked for merchant in seaport city of moguer Heard sailors stories of adventures and voyages
- 6. Contributions and/or achievements First European to see Pacific Ocean Found gold and pearls He began Spanish settlements in South America
- 7. Miscellaneous and/or other interesting information Fought and killed many natives Named Pacific Ocean Mar del Sur(Spanish of south sea 1518,accused of being a traitor by new Spanish govenor of Darien 1519,Balboa and four friends were beheaded
- 8. Reasons for exploring, sponsoring country and areas explored wanted to become part of Spanish exploration to South America , failure he went to island of Hispaiola, he became a pig farmer 1510,he started the city of Darien in northwestern part of South America, he became governer He crossed Isthmus of Panama and saw Pacific Ocean