The document discusses the HAVING clause in SQL, which operates on grouped records returned by a GROUP BY clause, allowing only groups that meet the specified criteria to be returned. It notes that HAVING applies to summarized group records whereas WHERE applies to individual records, and provides an example syntax using SELECT, FROM, WHERE, GROUP BY, and HAVING. The purpose of the HAVING clause is to restrict groupings to those meeting certain criteria, like when not wanting to perform groupings on all table data.