This document discusses the different types of articles in English. It explains that there are definite and indefinite articles. The definite article is "the" and it is used to refer to something specific. The indefinite articles are "a" and "an" and they are used for non-specific nouns. The document then provides 10 rules for using indefinite articles, explaining when to use "a" versus "an" based on the sound of the following word. It also gives examples of how articles are used to indicate membership in a group or class.

1. Uses of Articles
 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF :
MS. SNEHA BAPAT
 SUBMITTED BY : AADITYA RAYATE ( Roll no. 1366 )
ILS LAW COLLEGE, PUNE

2. What is Article ?
Article can be taken as one of the 'Determiners' or a subclass
of the Determiners which determines noun. They are also known
as Demonstrative Adjectives .
It is often taken to be a separate part of speech also.
There are two articles in English, the definite article the (the
book) and the indefinite article a (a book) or an (an eye).

3. Kinds of Articles
In English language, there are total three articles. (A, An and The).
These three articles are divided into two types :
1. Definite: The (is used to refer any particular person, place or
thing.)
2. Indefinite: A & An (does not refer particular noun)

4. Definite Articles
Out of the three articles (a, an and the), we have only one definite
article that is 'The’.
It is called definite article because, it shows definiteness.
There are definite rules and situations to use this definite
article. We need to understand these rules to minimize our errors
while speaking or writing English :

5. Rules (Definite Articles)
 With things we have already mentioned or when it's clear
who/what we are referring to :
• Example: She bought a laptop. They told her that the laptop had a
three-year guarantee.
 With things which are unique :
• Example: the Internet, the world, the sun

6.  With the names of countries which includeRepublic, Kingdom, States and Emirates
• Example: The United Kingdom, The United States
 With an adjective used as a noun describing anationality
• Example: the Japanese, the French, the Germans
 With the name of a whole family
• Example: the Beatles, the Mitchells-
 With adjectives to express groups
• Example: the rich, the poor

7. Indefinite Articles
• 'A' and 'An' are the two indefinite articles. 'A' or 'An' means 'one'
or 'anyone’.
• When the countable noun is one / singular in number, it takes 'a'
or 'an' as an article (depending on its first letter and sound).
• Indefinite articles (a/an) are used with several countable nouns in
different conditions.

8. The Selection of Articles
• Indefinite articles 'a' or 'an' are not used arbitrarily.
• There are definite rules to use these indefinite articles and these
rules are strictly followed while speaking or writing English.
• It is important to note that if articles are not used appropriately, the
meaning may change or be misunderstood.
• Therefore, it is must to understand and follow these rules to
learn correct English :

9. Rule 1 Rule 2
• 'a' is used before a word (or a
countable noun) beginning
with a consonant sound.
• Ex: a boy, a man, a girl, a
table, a young man
• 'an' is used with a word
beginning with a vowel sound.
• Ex: an apple, an elephant, an
egg, an ink-pot, an idiot,an
orange, an orphan, an umbrella

10. Rule 3 Rule 4
• 'an' is used before a word
beginning with a consonant
letter but a vowel sound.
• Ex. an honest man, an hour, an
honorable guest, an heir
• 'a' is used before a word
beginning with a vowel letter
but a consonant sound.
• Ex. a university, a European, a
union

11. Rule 5 Rule 6
• Abbreviation which begin with
consonant letter but their
pronunciation begins with
vowel take ‘an’ article.
• Ex. an HOD, an MA, an MLA
• A word beginning with 'vowel'
letter but 'consonant' sound /w/
takes 'a' as an article.
• Ex. a one rupee note, a one
eyed man, a one dollar note, a
one way ticket, a one legged
man

12. Rule 7 Rule 8
• If the noun is modified by an
adjective, the choise between ‘a’
and ‘an’ depends on the initial
sound of the adjective that
immediately follows the articles.
• Ex. A broken egg, a European
country
• In English, the indefinite articles 'a'
or 'an' are used to indicate
membership in a group.
• Ex.
• I am a teacher. (I am a member of
a large group known as teachers.)
• Brian is an Irishman. (Brian is a
member of the people known as
Irish.)

13. Rule 9 Rule 10
• Indefinite articles 'a' and 'an' are
used in the sense of one of many.
• Ex.
• I met a friend. (means one of
certain friends)
• I read a novel. (means one of
certain novels)
• 'a' or 'an' is used to show the
whole class in the sense of 'all' or
'any’
• Ex.
• A student should be obedient.
(any student/all students)
• A doctor must love his patient.
(any doctor / all doctors)