The document defines and provides examples of external and internal users of accounting data. It identifies six main external users - customers, creditors, potential investors, government, academe, and general public - and discusses the type of decisions each makes and information needed. The document also outlines five internal users - management, employees, and owners or stockholders - and the decisions and concerns of each user group.
This ppt defines business finance, become
familiar with the role of business finance and knowing the important consideration of risks in financial decision making.
Know the relationship of business finance in other disciplines particularly accounting.
This ppt defines business finance, become
familiar with the role of business finance and knowing the important consideration of risks in financial decision making.
Know the relationship of business finance in other disciplines particularly accounting.
This presentation aims:
– To understand the purpose of the Statement of Changes in Equity
– To appreciate that the presentation of the Statement of Changes in Equity is dependent on the form of business organization
– To identify the elements of the Statement of Changes in Equity
– To determine the nature of the different equity accounts used by corporations
– To prepare a Statement of Changes in Equity
Accounting is the process of documenting a company's financial transactions. Accounting entails summarizing, evaluating, and reporting these transactions to oversight organizations, regulators, and tax collecting agencies.
For more content and questions refer (Copy and Paste this link)
https://clickuniv.com/introduction-to-accounting/
Follow me on: https://twitter.com/Afzalindian
Here in this slide fundamentals of accounting are discussed. After studying this slide you will be able to know
Meaning and Definition of Accounting
Attributes (Characteristics) of accounting
Functions of Accounting
Accounting Process
Bookkeeping
Objectives of Accounting
Advantages of Accounting
Limitations of Accounting
Users of Accounting Information
Systems of Accounting
Basis of Accounting
This presentation aims:
– To understand the purpose of the Statement of Changes in Equity
– To appreciate that the presentation of the Statement of Changes in Equity is dependent on the form of business organization
– To identify the elements of the Statement of Changes in Equity
– To determine the nature of the different equity accounts used by corporations
– To prepare a Statement of Changes in Equity
Accounting is the process of documenting a company's financial transactions. Accounting entails summarizing, evaluating, and reporting these transactions to oversight organizations, regulators, and tax collecting agencies.
For more content and questions refer (Copy and Paste this link)
https://clickuniv.com/introduction-to-accounting/
Follow me on: https://twitter.com/Afzalindian
Here in this slide fundamentals of accounting are discussed. After studying this slide you will be able to know
Meaning and Definition of Accounting
Attributes (Characteristics) of accounting
Functions of Accounting
Accounting Process
Bookkeeping
Objectives of Accounting
Advantages of Accounting
Limitations of Accounting
Users of Accounting Information
Systems of Accounting
Basis of Accounting
Internal.docRunning head Accounting information 1Acco.docxmariuse18nolet
Internal.doc
Running head: Accounting information
1
Accounting information
2
Accounting information
Student Name
University Name
Picket, n.d. defines internal controls as mechanisms to ensure objectives are achieved. Good controls encourage efficiency, compliance with laws and regulations, sound information, and seek to eliminate fraud and abuse. Internal control is also a process designed to provide assurance regarding the achievement of objectives in the effectiveness and efficiency of operations, reliability and internal and external reporting, and compliance with applicable laws and regulations and internal policies.
Everyone in the organization has some role to play in the organization’s internal control system. The board of directors is responsible for the company’s system of internal control and it sets appropriate policies on internal control and seek regular assurance to ensure that the system of internal control is effective in managing risks in the manner which it has approved. It is also the role of the management to implement board policies on risk and control and all the employees of an organization have some responsibility for internal control as part of their accountability for achieving objectives. Management also needs to review the effectiveness of internal control by forming its own view on effectiveness after due and careful enquiry based on the information and assurances provided to it.
A few examples of internal control activities are as follows: (1) Tracking of major agency achievements and comparing these to the plans, goals and established objectives by the management. (2) Establishing physical control to secure and safeguard vulnerable assets. (3) Use a variety of control activities in information processing. (4) There should be a proper execution of transactions by making sure they are authorized and executed only by persons
acting within the scope of their authority. (5) Segregate the key duties and responsibilities to reduce the risk of error or fraud. (6) Appropriate documentation of transactions and other
significant events and they should be readily available for examination. (7) Establish finance committee to spearhead planning and monitoring of financial activities and reporting. (8) Design an effective organizational structure that takes into account the culture of the organization which is critical for effective financial management. (9) Effective management controls which includes methods of financial planning and budgeting and reporting of actual results and follow-up of variances between budgeted and actual amounts.
There are two groups of users of accounting information: internal users and external users. The internal users are the company managers who use the accounting information to decide how to plan and control operations on a daily and long-term basis while the external users are the existing or the potential investors, creditors, analysts, financial advise.
Business LawStudent name Razan Student no ST09853Assesso.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
Business Law
Student name: Razan
Student no: ST09853
Assessor: Ms. Sona
1
Learning objective 3: Examine the formation of different of business organization
Assignment title: Legal structure and company formation
How different
types of business organizations are legally formed:
The most important criminal varieties of commercial enterprise are: sole proprietorship, private businesses, cash groups
1- Individual groups: are corporations owned by way of one character who works to reap his very own income or the agency he owns, and character companies inside the majority of them are small in size, the proprietor in cooperation with a few personnel in carrying out all of the sports that he needs Working within the agency, and generally the proprietor of the agency obtains the cash from his non-public funds or via personal borrowing, and he is accountable for making all decisions related to the work.
3
The maximum important strengths of this shape of company are that the proprietor of the organization receives all of the profits and bears all the losses
These organizations do not need massive organizational fees and the tax is paid on the idea of the non-public income of the enterprise owner, and those businesses are unbiased, exclusive and clean to liquidate.
As for the most important weaknesses, it implies that the duty of the organization’s owner is limitless, because the non-public wealth of the enterprise’s owner can be used to pay lenders, the issue of acquiring cash and consequently limiting the business enterprise's growth inside the destiny, and wearing out all of the sports and capabilities of the enterprise by means of its owner and hence the problem of having employees to locate work Continued with the company, and this type of business enterprise lacks continuity whilst the corporation owner dies.
4
2- Personnel groups (partnership): are agencies which are owned through two or extra folks that work the employer collectively to reap earnings, and they're usually larger in length than character companies, and in well-known the companions in these organizations have unlimited duties.
And the maximum vital strengths in this sort of organization is the potential to reap more resources of budget from man or woman businesses, and the ability to borrow increases because of the increase in the variety of owners, and there are extra control and organizational capabilities to be had, and the tax is paid on the idea of the private earning of the partners.
The maximum essential weaknesses lie in the unlimited liability of the companions, the dissolution of the agency in the event of the death of one of the companions, and the issue of liquidating the corporation or dissolving the property therein.
3- Corporations:
Money groups or public joint inventory companies are a company frame with a felony capacity, and they have the identical electricity of human beings in that they can require or charge, and personal real estate in thei.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
3. At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to :
1. Define external users of accounting data and give examples;
2. Define internal users of accounting data and give examples;
3. Identify the type and decisions made by each group of users;
4. Describe the type of information needed by each group users;
5. Solve exercises and problems on the identification of users of
information, types of decision to be made, and type of information
needed by the users;
6. Cite users of financial information and identify whether they are
external or internal users.
4. CUSTOMERS – main source of income of businesses; acquire
goods and services for a fee.
Patrons, clients, people acquiring goods or services of a
company for a fee.
Whether or not to build relationship with the business,
to have any dealings with the business
5. CREDITORS – providers of additional funds when the initial investment of
owners is exhausted; lend resources to business usually in the form of
money.
Banks, lending institutions, wealthy individuals; sometimes the government
can also lend resources to a company
Whether or not to lend resources to the business, try to see if the
business is not very risky before lending funds.
6. POTENTIAL INVESTORS – providers of additional funds when the initial
investment of owners is exhausted; invest resources in the business hoping to
earn decent returns
Wealthy individuals, other businesses planning to invest
Whether or not to invest in the business, primary concern is the
ability of the business to provide acceptable returns
7. GOVERNMENT – an external user whose primary role is to regulate
businesses; studies financial statements to determine amount of taxes
payable.
Different government agencies, taxing authorities, government officials.
Oversees business operations with the end goal of improving the
economy; checks the accuracy of the financial statements to compute
for the correct amount of taxes payable
8. ACADEME – uses accounting information primarily for academic purposes.
Professors, lecturers, students, and researchers.
Uses accounting information in the teaching of accountancy;
researches loopholes and possible improvements in the field of
accountancy.
9. GENERAL PUBLIC – citizens and residents of the country even though they
do not plan to transact with the business; use financial statements to gauge
the condition of the economy
Common people not connected with the company.
Concerned with the overall performance of the economy; use
financial information to estimate economic performance
10. MANAGEMENT – employees that can make decisions for the company;
considered the brain of the company
Board of directors, top management, middle-level managers, supervisors
Uses financial information in making business decisions; allows
management to identify problems immediately and to respond
accordingly
11. EMPLOYEES – persons in the company aside from managers and owners or
stockholders; do not have authority to implement decisions.
Laborers, field workers, non-managerial employees
Check if the business is profitable enough to provide compensation and
other benefits.
12. OWNERS OR STOCKHOLDERS – existing investors of the company; concerned
mostly with the profits of the company
Founders of the company, owners, stockholders, partners, proprietors.
Mainly concerned with the returns earned from their investment;
owners taking active roles in the operations of the business; also make
decisions
