International law has come under assault from some US academics and politicians who claim it is irrelevant and that states only comply when it is in their self-interest. They argue this provides justification for positions like the US having unilateral control over counterterrorism actions without oversight. However, the author argues these "New Realists" have an impoverished view of rational choice theory and human rationality. Rationality actually requires agents to follow through on plans and commitments when they were originally deemed beneficial. The book aims to expose flaws in the assumptions of those hostile to international law and provide an alternative perspective grounded in a novel theory of rationality.
The document discusses the history of how individual civil liberties protections established in the US Constitution's Bill of Rights have been applied to state and local governments. It outlines key Supreme Court cases like Barron v. Baltimore in 1833, which ruled the Bill of Rights did not apply to state actions, and Gitlow v. New York in 1925, which established that the 14th Amendment incorporated some freedoms of speech and press against the states. It also defines the incorporation doctrine through which the Court nationalized most Bill of Rights provisions by applying them to state and local governments via the 14th Amendment due process clause.
The document discusses the history of the national bank and Federal Reserve system in the United States. It describes how the First and Second National Banks were established but also disbanded, leading to financial panics. This convinced lawmakers that a central banking authority was needed, resulting in the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 and the establishment of the Federal Reserve System to regulate the money supply and act as a lender of last resort.
Why marketing in the marine industry must changeTim Hallac
Our Marine Marketing playbook visually demonstrates why marketing in the marine industry has to change and enables readers to see what the new B2B marketing landscape is all about!
Hyde Group Joint Presentation With Lloyds Registeralanmaggs292
This document provides an overview of Lloyd's Register Rail, Hyde Group, and their joint capabilities. Some key points:
- Lloyd's Register Rail and Hyde Group have a global engineering presence with over 200 offices and over 2,000 employees.
- They provide a full scope of engineering services including design, analysis, manufacturing, tooling, and project management.
- Specific capabilities mentioned include structural analysis, systems integration, composite and metallic structures, stress analysis, and manufacturing engineering.
- Previous projects highlighted include work for AgustaWestland, Airbus, Bombardier, and the A400M.
- The document discusses the companies' processes, approvals, and strategies for working with
This document provides an overview of Mohd Syahmi Bin Nuruddin's industrial training with Lloyd's Register of Shipping (Malaysia) Berhad. The training involved participating in vessel surveys to assess compliance with classification and safety requirements. Specific projects included annual surveys of various vessel types, including oil tankers, LNG carriers, and container ships. Tasks involved inspection of hulls, machinery, living quarters and review of certification. The training also covered mechanical testing, non-destructive testing, product approval processes, and other technical services provided by Lloyd's Register.
This document provides an overview of Iran's oil and gas industry as it seeks to re-enter the global market following the lifting of sanctions. It discusses Iran's strategies to boost production, including attracting foreign investment and expertise through the new Iranian Petroleum Contract. It notes that while Iran has made progress increasing exports and production, its aging infrastructure and workforce need upgrades to international standards to maximize efficiency and recovery rates from its oil and gas reserves over the long term. Training, competence improvement, and partnerships will be key for Iran to successfully optimize production and meet its ambitious production targets in the coming years.
Bright Bay Products introduces Hammerhead Hull Cleaner, a one-step system that removes calcium carbonate buildup from boat hulls, heat exchangers, and windows. It works by breaking the molecular bond of calcium carbonate without using harsh acids. When applied, an orange peel effect is visible within 15-20 minutes as the calcium carbonate is loosened and can be rinsed away. Hammerhead Hull Cleaner is non-toxic, biodegradable, and safe for people, the environment, and various surfaces like paint, steel, aluminum, and plastics.
International law has come under assault from some US academics and politicians who claim it is irrelevant and that states only comply when it is in their self-interest. They argue this provides justification for positions like the US having unilateral control over counterterrorism actions without oversight. However, the author argues these "New Realists" have an impoverished view of rational choice theory and human rationality. Rationality actually requires agents to follow through on plans and commitments when they were originally deemed beneficial. The book aims to expose flaws in the assumptions of those hostile to international law and provide an alternative perspective grounded in a novel theory of rationality.
The document discusses the history of how individual civil liberties protections established in the US Constitution's Bill of Rights have been applied to state and local governments. It outlines key Supreme Court cases like Barron v. Baltimore in 1833, which ruled the Bill of Rights did not apply to state actions, and Gitlow v. New York in 1925, which established that the 14th Amendment incorporated some freedoms of speech and press against the states. It also defines the incorporation doctrine through which the Court nationalized most Bill of Rights provisions by applying them to state and local governments via the 14th Amendment due process clause.
The document discusses the history of the national bank and Federal Reserve system in the United States. It describes how the First and Second National Banks were established but also disbanded, leading to financial panics. This convinced lawmakers that a central banking authority was needed, resulting in the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 and the establishment of the Federal Reserve System to regulate the money supply and act as a lender of last resort.
Why marketing in the marine industry must changeTim Hallac
Our Marine Marketing playbook visually demonstrates why marketing in the marine industry has to change and enables readers to see what the new B2B marketing landscape is all about!
Hyde Group Joint Presentation With Lloyds Registeralanmaggs292
This document provides an overview of Lloyd's Register Rail, Hyde Group, and their joint capabilities. Some key points:
- Lloyd's Register Rail and Hyde Group have a global engineering presence with over 200 offices and over 2,000 employees.
- They provide a full scope of engineering services including design, analysis, manufacturing, tooling, and project management.
- Specific capabilities mentioned include structural analysis, systems integration, composite and metallic structures, stress analysis, and manufacturing engineering.
- Previous projects highlighted include work for AgustaWestland, Airbus, Bombardier, and the A400M.
- The document discusses the companies' processes, approvals, and strategies for working with
This document provides an overview of Mohd Syahmi Bin Nuruddin's industrial training with Lloyd's Register of Shipping (Malaysia) Berhad. The training involved participating in vessel surveys to assess compliance with classification and safety requirements. Specific projects included annual surveys of various vessel types, including oil tankers, LNG carriers, and container ships. Tasks involved inspection of hulls, machinery, living quarters and review of certification. The training also covered mechanical testing, non-destructive testing, product approval processes, and other technical services provided by Lloyd's Register.
This document provides an overview of Iran's oil and gas industry as it seeks to re-enter the global market following the lifting of sanctions. It discusses Iran's strategies to boost production, including attracting foreign investment and expertise through the new Iranian Petroleum Contract. It notes that while Iran has made progress increasing exports and production, its aging infrastructure and workforce need upgrades to international standards to maximize efficiency and recovery rates from its oil and gas reserves over the long term. Training, competence improvement, and partnerships will be key for Iran to successfully optimize production and meet its ambitious production targets in the coming years.
Bright Bay Products introduces Hammerhead Hull Cleaner, a one-step system that removes calcium carbonate buildup from boat hulls, heat exchangers, and windows. It works by breaking the molecular bond of calcium carbonate without using harsh acids. When applied, an orange peel effect is visible within 15-20 minutes as the calcium carbonate is loosened and can be rinsed away. Hammerhead Hull Cleaner is non-toxic, biodegradable, and safe for people, the environment, and various surfaces like paint, steel, aluminum, and plastics.
The U.S. Coast Guard in Prince William Soundalaskalng
The U.S. Coast Guard Marine Safety Unit in Valdez, Alaska oversees maritime safety, security, and environmental protection missions in Prince William Sound. The Unit is comprised of the Marine Safety Unit in Valdez, a Coast Guard cutter called LONG ISLAND, Coast Guard Station Valdez, and other support offices. The Unit works with local, state, and federal partners to execute missions like search and rescue, law enforcement, and environmental stewardship throughout the region.
Going Digital First with Publishing for Lloyd's RegisterBuilding Blocks
These are the slides from our talk at Figaro Digital's mobile seminar in May 2014. We provide an overview of an innovative publishing project Building Blocks delivered for Lloyd’s Register, a global engineering and professional services organisation.
academic book report on Character in Action The U.S. Coast Guard on Leadershi...James Nichols
The document summarizes an academic book report on the book "Character in Action: The U.S. Coast Guard on Leadership" by Donald T. Phillips and Admiral James M. Loy. The book outlines the leadership principles and culture of the U.S. Coast Guard, including defining values, selecting the best candidates, promoting teamwork, instilling commitment to excellence, effective communication, empowering others, and honoring history. The summary highlights that the Coast Guard is able to accomplish much with little resources through principles like teamwork, communication, and empowering all ranks to make decisions. It concludes that the book provides a model for effective leadership.
The document discusses the Marine Industry EDI Initiative started by three barging companies to standardize electronic data interchange between barge companies and service providers. It aims to reduce errors from manual data entry and delays by moving to real-time electronic communication. They formed MarineNET and developed the BargeEx system to allow barging companies and service providers to electronically exchange order, status, and invoice information using EDI standards. Over 65,000 EDI messages are exchanged monthly through BargeEx, benefiting participants through faster, more accurate data sharing. Future goals include expanding participation and standardizing data exchange across related transportation industries and organizations.
Lloyd's Register presentation to 1st blue shipping summit 2011Lloyd's Register
Lloyd's Register's Ship Energy Manager, Dr Zabi Bazari, speaking to 1st Blue Shipping Summit in Athens today, highlighted the potentials for energy saving in shipping.
His main message was that despite significant energy savings that can potentially be achieved, this may not be realisable if current shipping regulatory, legal and financial frameworks are not developed along the line to support the uptake of new technologies and processes.
He argued that a robust regulatory framework together with enhanced contractual arrangement, between charterers and ship owners at one side to facilitate cost-benefit sharing from energy saving operation processes, and also between technology suppliers and ship owners on risk-benefit sharing arising from energy saving technologies are not being fully utilised yet.
As the size, sophistication and complexity of yachts have increased, our services have expanded to provide tailored solutions to this specialist industry.
Our extensive experience means we can help you realise your vision for a safe and luxurious yacht.
www.lr.org/yachts
The document provides guidance for Coast Guard personnel on the responsible use of social media both personally and professionally. It outlines principles for official Coast Guard social media use, including only posting approved information, building an engaged community, and ensuring accessibility. It also provides guidance for personal social media use, stressing the need to follow all laws and policies, practice restraint, and realize that nothing posted is truly private or anonymous. A decision tree is included to help determine if a photo or video can be posted online.
Supporting an lng fuelled marine industry future across the entire gas value ...Wärtsilä Marine Solutions
This presentation was given by our Gasbassadors Anil Soni & Mattias Jansson at an LNG bunkering seminar in Langfang, Hebei. It was hosted by ENN , SGMF & CCS. Sponsored by Wartsila & GTT.
In this presentation, they presented the different challenges that the offshore industry is facing & how LNG technology offers a viable option in these challenging markets.
SHIPSU is a web-based service operated by network of professionals connecting manufacturers, service providers and shipbuilding specialists to the SHIPSU network.
Established in 2012 the company combines decades of experience in the field of marine industry to most recent knowledge of sales and marketing.
With SHIPSU network both providers that supply materials and services to the industry, and buyers that purchase from these providers are able to connect on this shared platform.
When sourcing and sales for shipbuilding, ship renovations and repair are centralized to an easy-to-use web-based service, both sides of business benefit. Lower costs and less time spent on executing these operations means more time for company’s core operations.
See SHIPSU Provider and Buyer Profiles from our services.
Lloyd's Register Ship emergency response service - USCG requirements for NTVLloyd's Register
1. The document outlines USCG requirements for non-tank vessels over 400 gross tons carrying oil as fuel entering US waters.
2. Owners and operators must submit Non-Tank Vessel Response Plans that name a contracted provider of damage stability and strength assessment services if the vessel has over 340 cubic meters of fuel oil capacity.
3. The contracted provider must be able to start calculations within 3 hours and complete them within 12-18 hours depending on if the incident is near or offshore.
The USA Patriot Act was passed in 2001 as a response to the September 11th terrorist attacks. It made several controversial changes to surveillance laws that granted the government expanded powers to monitor communications and financial and medical records. While intended to help prevent terrorism, many felt certain provisions violated civil liberties and privacy protections. The act faced several legal challenges over its most controversial aspects and their application in cases of suspected but ultimately wrongful terrorism accusations.
Edited basic newsgathering and publication speech (00006477)[1]internewsarmenia
This document provides an overview of laws related to newsgathering and publication. It discusses the Freedom of Information Act and exemptions to public records requests. Regarding newsgathering, it covers protections for confidential sources, legality of taping conversations, and restrictions on hidden cameras and trespassing. For publication, it outlines laws around invasion of privacy, defamation, and damages. Throughout it provides examples to illustrate key legal concepts and principles.
This document provides an overview of freedom of information laws and their importance. It discusses quotes from founding fathers supporting the public's right to information about the government. Key points include that FOI laws have spread to over 80 countries, aiming to increase transparency and accountability. Exemptions allow withholding of private, confidential commercial or national security information. The document reviews the US Freedom of Information Act and Utah's Government Records Access and Management Act. It provides examples of investigative stories enabled by FOI and challenges in implementing FOI laws.
1235TransparencyIntroduction The Central Intelligen.docxaulasnilda
This document discusses the history of transparency in government budgets and spending in the United States. It describes how William Richardson sued in the 1970s to obtain the budget of the CIA, which was secret at the time, arguing citizens had a right to know how tax dollars were spent. The Supreme Court ruled against Richardson, finding he lacked standing. The document then provides context on laws and policies around government transparency, including freedom of information laws, public reporting requirements, and debates around openness versus secrecy of national security information.
The document discusses arguments around whether the Patriot Act should be repealed. It outlines perspectives from both sides of the debate. Proponents of the Patriot Act argue that it has helped fight terrorism and prosecute hundreds of terrorists, while maintaining civil liberties. Critics argue it infringes on constitutional rights like freedom from unreasonable search and seizure, and unfairly targets immigrants. Both sides cite examples to support their positions in this complex debate around national security, civil rights, and counterterrorism.
1 The FCPA and why it Matters October 04, 2010 .docxhoney725342
1
The FCPA and why it Matters
October 04, 2010
Michael Osajda
The History, the Details and the Significance of the FCPA
The year is 1977. The place is Washington, D.C. The forum is the United States Congress. The
94th Congress, which ended its term on January 3, 1977, and the 95th Congress both obtain
information revealing evidence of payments from U.S. businesses to foreign governmental
officials and political parties. The payments exceed $300 million and were made either to secure
favorable action by foreign governments, or to prompt government functionaries to discharge
their administrative or clerical duties. The companies accused of the payments represent a wide
range of industrial sectors; drugs and health care, oil and gas production and services, food
products, aerospace, airlines and air services, and chemicals.1
These embarrassing revelations were discussed by the Congress on a number of levels, most
notably their impact on international relations, their reflection on the state of U.S. business
ethics, and their effect on competition.
On the level of international relations, while détente with the Soviet Union had commenced, the
Cold War was still a fact of life. There was an active struggle for worldwide influence between
the Soviet Union and the United States. In that context, Congress stated that corporate bribery
had foreign policy implications. These scandals lent ―credence to the suspicions sown by foreign
opponents of the United States that American enterprises exert a corrupting influence on the
political processes of their nations.‖2
There were also ethical and business levels to the issue. Congress flatly stated the obvious: ―The
payment of bribes to influence the acts or decisions of foreign officials, foreign political parties
or candidates for foreign political office is unethical. It is counter to the moral expectations and
values of the American public.‖3 These sentiments resonated in Washington in 1977. While
President Jimmy Carter’s credentials as an economic leader or as the Commander-in-Chief of the
Armed Forces may have been questioned by his critics, his role as a proponent of moral and
ethical behavior was an important part of his presidency. President Gerald Ford signed the
Helsinki Accords on human rights, but Jimmy Carter elevated the principles contained in the
Accords in importance during his term.4
Finally, on the pure business level, Congress concluded that the corrupt activity that had been
presented was bad business. It skewed the economic transaction. Rather than quality, service,
salesmanship, price, or other factors being rewarded, corruption was paramount. Exposure of
such activity could also have negative consequences for the company involved. It could ―damage
a company’s image, lead to costly lawsuits, cause the cancellation of contracts, and result in the
appropriation of valuable assets overseas.‖5
2
With this ...
The document summarizes the fraudulent bankruptcy of the United States government in the 1930s and the deception used to claim ownership over American citizens and their assets.
Key points:
- In 1930, the US declared bankruptcy at the Geneva Conventions and removed from the gold standard.
- In 1933, FDR pursued domestic bankruptcy and confiscated privately held American gold, totaling over 20,000 tons.
- Birth certificates were issued to claim Americans as property and pledge their labor and assets to pay government debts. This established an "implied contract" without proper disclosure or consent.
- Through legal trickery and semantic deceit, the US government unlawfully seized control of American assets and estates from 1933 to 1999
This document provides an overview of the policy debate topic on domestic surveillance in the United States. It begins with definitions of key terms in the resolution and provides a historical background of domestic surveillance laws and programs from the 1791 Bill of Rights to the 2015 USA Freedom Act. The document then outlines potential affirmative advantages and harms of curtailing domestic surveillance, as well as example plans and cases the affirmative could run. It concludes by discussing negative disadvantages, counterplans, and critical approaches the negative could take in the debate.
Citizenfour producers-face-legal-challenges-over-edward-snowden-leaksWaqas Amir
This document is a complaint filed in United States District Court against Edward Snowden, filmmakers involved in the documentary Citizenfour, and their production companies. It alleges that Snowden breached his security agreements and oath by stealing and disseminating classified government information. It further alleges that the filmmakers aided and abetted Snowden's illegal acts by collaborating with him to profit from the stolen information and cloak his actions as whistleblowing rather than espionage. The complaint seeks a constructive trust over profits from Citizenfour to remedy damage to national security and unjust enrichment by the defendants.
The U.S. Coast Guard in Prince William Soundalaskalng
The U.S. Coast Guard Marine Safety Unit in Valdez, Alaska oversees maritime safety, security, and environmental protection missions in Prince William Sound. The Unit is comprised of the Marine Safety Unit in Valdez, a Coast Guard cutter called LONG ISLAND, Coast Guard Station Valdez, and other support offices. The Unit works with local, state, and federal partners to execute missions like search and rescue, law enforcement, and environmental stewardship throughout the region.
Going Digital First with Publishing for Lloyd's RegisterBuilding Blocks
These are the slides from our talk at Figaro Digital's mobile seminar in May 2014. We provide an overview of an innovative publishing project Building Blocks delivered for Lloyd’s Register, a global engineering and professional services organisation.
academic book report on Character in Action The U.S. Coast Guard on Leadershi...James Nichols
The document summarizes an academic book report on the book "Character in Action: The U.S. Coast Guard on Leadership" by Donald T. Phillips and Admiral James M. Loy. The book outlines the leadership principles and culture of the U.S. Coast Guard, including defining values, selecting the best candidates, promoting teamwork, instilling commitment to excellence, effective communication, empowering others, and honoring history. The summary highlights that the Coast Guard is able to accomplish much with little resources through principles like teamwork, communication, and empowering all ranks to make decisions. It concludes that the book provides a model for effective leadership.
The document discusses the Marine Industry EDI Initiative started by three barging companies to standardize electronic data interchange between barge companies and service providers. It aims to reduce errors from manual data entry and delays by moving to real-time electronic communication. They formed MarineNET and developed the BargeEx system to allow barging companies and service providers to electronically exchange order, status, and invoice information using EDI standards. Over 65,000 EDI messages are exchanged monthly through BargeEx, benefiting participants through faster, more accurate data sharing. Future goals include expanding participation and standardizing data exchange across related transportation industries and organizations.
Lloyd's Register presentation to 1st blue shipping summit 2011Lloyd's Register
Lloyd's Register's Ship Energy Manager, Dr Zabi Bazari, speaking to 1st Blue Shipping Summit in Athens today, highlighted the potentials for energy saving in shipping.
His main message was that despite significant energy savings that can potentially be achieved, this may not be realisable if current shipping regulatory, legal and financial frameworks are not developed along the line to support the uptake of new technologies and processes.
He argued that a robust regulatory framework together with enhanced contractual arrangement, between charterers and ship owners at one side to facilitate cost-benefit sharing from energy saving operation processes, and also between technology suppliers and ship owners on risk-benefit sharing arising from energy saving technologies are not being fully utilised yet.
As the size, sophistication and complexity of yachts have increased, our services have expanded to provide tailored solutions to this specialist industry.
Our extensive experience means we can help you realise your vision for a safe and luxurious yacht.
www.lr.org/yachts
The document provides guidance for Coast Guard personnel on the responsible use of social media both personally and professionally. It outlines principles for official Coast Guard social media use, including only posting approved information, building an engaged community, and ensuring accessibility. It also provides guidance for personal social media use, stressing the need to follow all laws and policies, practice restraint, and realize that nothing posted is truly private or anonymous. A decision tree is included to help determine if a photo or video can be posted online.
Supporting an lng fuelled marine industry future across the entire gas value ...Wärtsilä Marine Solutions
This presentation was given by our Gasbassadors Anil Soni & Mattias Jansson at an LNG bunkering seminar in Langfang, Hebei. It was hosted by ENN , SGMF & CCS. Sponsored by Wartsila & GTT.
In this presentation, they presented the different challenges that the offshore industry is facing & how LNG technology offers a viable option in these challenging markets.
SHIPSU is a web-based service operated by network of professionals connecting manufacturers, service providers and shipbuilding specialists to the SHIPSU network.
Established in 2012 the company combines decades of experience in the field of marine industry to most recent knowledge of sales and marketing.
With SHIPSU network both providers that supply materials and services to the industry, and buyers that purchase from these providers are able to connect on this shared platform.
When sourcing and sales for shipbuilding, ship renovations and repair are centralized to an easy-to-use web-based service, both sides of business benefit. Lower costs and less time spent on executing these operations means more time for company’s core operations.
See SHIPSU Provider and Buyer Profiles from our services.
Lloyd's Register Ship emergency response service - USCG requirements for NTVLloyd's Register
1. The document outlines USCG requirements for non-tank vessels over 400 gross tons carrying oil as fuel entering US waters.
2. Owners and operators must submit Non-Tank Vessel Response Plans that name a contracted provider of damage stability and strength assessment services if the vessel has over 340 cubic meters of fuel oil capacity.
3. The contracted provider must be able to start calculations within 3 hours and complete them within 12-18 hours depending on if the incident is near or offshore.
The USA Patriot Act was passed in 2001 as a response to the September 11th terrorist attacks. It made several controversial changes to surveillance laws that granted the government expanded powers to monitor communications and financial and medical records. While intended to help prevent terrorism, many felt certain provisions violated civil liberties and privacy protections. The act faced several legal challenges over its most controversial aspects and their application in cases of suspected but ultimately wrongful terrorism accusations.
Edited basic newsgathering and publication speech (00006477)[1]internewsarmenia
This document provides an overview of laws related to newsgathering and publication. It discusses the Freedom of Information Act and exemptions to public records requests. Regarding newsgathering, it covers protections for confidential sources, legality of taping conversations, and restrictions on hidden cameras and trespassing. For publication, it outlines laws around invasion of privacy, defamation, and damages. Throughout it provides examples to illustrate key legal concepts and principles.
This document provides an overview of freedom of information laws and their importance. It discusses quotes from founding fathers supporting the public's right to information about the government. Key points include that FOI laws have spread to over 80 countries, aiming to increase transparency and accountability. Exemptions allow withholding of private, confidential commercial or national security information. The document reviews the US Freedom of Information Act and Utah's Government Records Access and Management Act. It provides examples of investigative stories enabled by FOI and challenges in implementing FOI laws.
1235TransparencyIntroduction The Central Intelligen.docxaulasnilda
This document discusses the history of transparency in government budgets and spending in the United States. It describes how William Richardson sued in the 1970s to obtain the budget of the CIA, which was secret at the time, arguing citizens had a right to know how tax dollars were spent. The Supreme Court ruled against Richardson, finding he lacked standing. The document then provides context on laws and policies around government transparency, including freedom of information laws, public reporting requirements, and debates around openness versus secrecy of national security information.
The document discusses arguments around whether the Patriot Act should be repealed. It outlines perspectives from both sides of the debate. Proponents of the Patriot Act argue that it has helped fight terrorism and prosecute hundreds of terrorists, while maintaining civil liberties. Critics argue it infringes on constitutional rights like freedom from unreasonable search and seizure, and unfairly targets immigrants. Both sides cite examples to support their positions in this complex debate around national security, civil rights, and counterterrorism.
1 The FCPA and why it Matters October 04, 2010 .docxhoney725342
1
The FCPA and why it Matters
October 04, 2010
Michael Osajda
The History, the Details and the Significance of the FCPA
The year is 1977. The place is Washington, D.C. The forum is the United States Congress. The
94th Congress, which ended its term on January 3, 1977, and the 95th Congress both obtain
information revealing evidence of payments from U.S. businesses to foreign governmental
officials and political parties. The payments exceed $300 million and were made either to secure
favorable action by foreign governments, or to prompt government functionaries to discharge
their administrative or clerical duties. The companies accused of the payments represent a wide
range of industrial sectors; drugs and health care, oil and gas production and services, food
products, aerospace, airlines and air services, and chemicals.1
These embarrassing revelations were discussed by the Congress on a number of levels, most
notably their impact on international relations, their reflection on the state of U.S. business
ethics, and their effect on competition.
On the level of international relations, while détente with the Soviet Union had commenced, the
Cold War was still a fact of life. There was an active struggle for worldwide influence between
the Soviet Union and the United States. In that context, Congress stated that corporate bribery
had foreign policy implications. These scandals lent ―credence to the suspicions sown by foreign
opponents of the United States that American enterprises exert a corrupting influence on the
political processes of their nations.‖2
There were also ethical and business levels to the issue. Congress flatly stated the obvious: ―The
payment of bribes to influence the acts or decisions of foreign officials, foreign political parties
or candidates for foreign political office is unethical. It is counter to the moral expectations and
values of the American public.‖3 These sentiments resonated in Washington in 1977. While
President Jimmy Carter’s credentials as an economic leader or as the Commander-in-Chief of the
Armed Forces may have been questioned by his critics, his role as a proponent of moral and
ethical behavior was an important part of his presidency. President Gerald Ford signed the
Helsinki Accords on human rights, but Jimmy Carter elevated the principles contained in the
Accords in importance during his term.4
Finally, on the pure business level, Congress concluded that the corrupt activity that had been
presented was bad business. It skewed the economic transaction. Rather than quality, service,
salesmanship, price, or other factors being rewarded, corruption was paramount. Exposure of
such activity could also have negative consequences for the company involved. It could ―damage
a company’s image, lead to costly lawsuits, cause the cancellation of contracts, and result in the
appropriation of valuable assets overseas.‖5
2
With this ...
The document summarizes the fraudulent bankruptcy of the United States government in the 1930s and the deception used to claim ownership over American citizens and their assets.
Key points:
- In 1930, the US declared bankruptcy at the Geneva Conventions and removed from the gold standard.
- In 1933, FDR pursued domestic bankruptcy and confiscated privately held American gold, totaling over 20,000 tons.
- Birth certificates were issued to claim Americans as property and pledge their labor and assets to pay government debts. This established an "implied contract" without proper disclosure or consent.
- Through legal trickery and semantic deceit, the US government unlawfully seized control of American assets and estates from 1933 to 1999
This document provides an overview of the policy debate topic on domestic surveillance in the United States. It begins with definitions of key terms in the resolution and provides a historical background of domestic surveillance laws and programs from the 1791 Bill of Rights to the 2015 USA Freedom Act. The document then outlines potential affirmative advantages and harms of curtailing domestic surveillance, as well as example plans and cases the affirmative could run. It concludes by discussing negative disadvantages, counterplans, and critical approaches the negative could take in the debate.
Citizenfour producers-face-legal-challenges-over-edward-snowden-leaksWaqas Amir
This document is a complaint filed in United States District Court against Edward Snowden, filmmakers involved in the documentary Citizenfour, and their production companies. It alleges that Snowden breached his security agreements and oath by stealing and disseminating classified government information. It further alleges that the filmmakers aided and abetted Snowden's illegal acts by collaborating with him to profit from the stolen information and cloak his actions as whistleblowing rather than espionage. The complaint seeks a constructive trust over profits from Citizenfour to remedy damage to national security and unjust enrichment by the defendants.
Citizenfour producers-face-legal-challenges-over-edward-snowden-leaksWaqas Amir
A lawsuit has been filed against The Weinstein Co., Participant Media and others for aiding and abetting Edward Snowden, the American whistleblower, according to hackread.com.
The document discusses the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 which was passed in response to several major accounting scandals in order to improve financial disclosure and implement stronger internal controls for public companies. It established new or enhanced standards for all U.S. public company boards, management and public accounting firms regarding issues such as auditor independence, internal control assessment and corporate governance. The Act also created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board to oversee the audits of public companies and strengthens the standards for auditor independence.
1. U.S. Coast Guard FOIA Production
The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), 5 U.S.C. Area 552 is a national legislation established in
1966 to give exclusive residents higher access to government information. It requires that federal
companies disclose the fullest possible level of information into the public, subject to particular
exemptions.
Escrow: Prior to closing a sale, occasionally a deed or some funds are delivered to a neutral third
person to be delivered to the other party or parties, upon the performance of a condition like
payment of money, etc. It is then said to be delivered as an escrow. Estate Law: It is the part of law
which governs the rights of an owner with respect to his property when he dies, i.e. wills and
probates. Euthanasia: Commonly known as mercy killing, euthanasia is the act of bringing about the
death or deliberately ending the life of a person who is terminally ill.
Other ways used to obtain evidence are by trawling motoring forums (and even troll-posting on
them) or by obtaining copies of print/audio/video media in which a person has complained about the
invoice they got for just simply turning-round in the carpark. Such public admissions are like finding
the Holy Grail to these guys. If you do go to the press, at least make sure to use a false name and DO
NOT let the press take your photo. The less 'evidence' you give linking yourself to the 'offence', the
harder it is for them to build a case.
The Secretary of the Interior in 1967 under the Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966 listed
bald eagles south of the fortieth parallel as endangered. The population numbers had dropped to
fewer than 500 pairs in the lower forty-eight states mainly due to habitat destruction, hunting, and
the use of pesticides like DDT. Scientists determined the link between DDT and the lower number of
eagles and the United States government banned it's/ use in 1972. Another battle had been won, but
the war was still not over.
Bankruptcy records of a company should be examined to decide if it is worth investing in the
company. When large companies go bankrupt, they make the headlines, however, most people are
unaware of the financial position of small companies. This is when bankruptcy records come in
handy. Investing in a company that has filed for bankruptcy protection is not a sensible idea. Even if
2. the company has filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 11, it is possible that the restructuring plan
may not work. In case the company has filed under Chapter 7, liquidation of assets takes place and
the company pays its creditors before paying the investor. Either way, company fundamentals should
be examined before investing.