Paper presented at 9thSPLG, Sept. 18-21, 2006, Beijing, China

1. URANIUM ENRICHMENT BY LASER METHOD
- A Selected Bibliography Gheorghe VĂSARU
National Institute for Isotopic and Molecular Technology, Cluj-Napoca
Aleea Tarniţa Nr. 7, Apt. 11
400659 CLUJ-NAPOCA , ROMANIA
e-mail: gvasaru@hotmail.com
Abstract:
This selected bibliography contains a comprehensive compilation of references
from the scientific and technical literature on the laser isotope separation of uranium.
The references are arranged chronologically according to the leading author and
structured on the following chapters:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Laser Method: Physical, Technical and Economical Aspects
Uranium Spectroscopy
Lasers
Laser-Atom Interactions
Thermal Properties of Uranium
Key Words: Uranium Enrichment, Laser Isotope Separation, Bibliography.
----&&&&----
A. Laser Method: Physical, Technical and Economical Aspects
1. * * * Proceedings of the Enrichment Services Seminar, Report ORO-665, Nov. 1968
2. M. Benedict, S.S. Berman, J. Bigeleisen, J.E. Powell, J. Shacter, P.R. Vanstrum:
Report of Uranium Isotope Separation Review Ad Hoc Committee, Oak Ridge, June,
1972
3. C. B. Moore: The Applications of Lasers to Isotope Separation, Accounts of Chem.
Res, 6, 323, 1973
4. B.B. Snavely: Separation of Uranium Isotopes by Laser Photochemistry, Preprint
UCRL-75725, LLL, June 11, 1974
5. W.D. Metz: Uranium Enrichment: Laser Methods Nearing Full-Scale Test, Science,
185, 4151, 602, 1974
6. * * * Laser Isotope Enrichment, Spectra-Physics Laser Review 2, 3, 1, 1975
7. C.P. Robinson, R.J. Jensen: Isotope Separation by Lasers, Report LA-UR-75-1877
and Encyclopaedia Britannica, LASL, USERDA, 1975
8. * * * Enrichment – New Processes but Higher Prices, Nucl. Eng. Int. 20, 231, 576,
1975
9. * * * Urananreicherung – Prognosen, Prozesse, Planungen, Atomwirtschaft / Atomtechnik, 20, 5, 259, 1975

2. 10. B.B. Snavely, R.W. Solarz: Separation of Uranium Isotopes by Selective
Photoionization, Laser Spectroscopy, 43 Proc. Second Intl. Conf. Megeve, France,
June 23-27, 1975, S. Baroche et al., Eds., Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1975
11. R.C. Stern, B.B. Snavely: The Laser Isotope Separation Program at Lawrence
Livermore Laboratory, Preprint UCRL-76720, SP 75-62, LLL, April 9, 1975
12. A. Hartford: Laser Isotope Separation of Uranium, Preprint UCRL-76601, SP 75-71,
LLL, April 15, 1975
13. S.A. Tuccio, R.J. Foley, J.W. Dubrin, O. Krikorian: Macroscopic Isotope Separation
of Uranium by Selective Photoionization, Preprint UCRL-76829, LLL, April 29,
1975
14. P. Rigny, R. Bir: Separation des isotpes de l’uranium par laser, BIST 204, p. 61,
CEA, June 1975
15. * * * Uranium Isotope Separation – Proceedings, International Conf. on Uranium
Isotope Separation, London, 5-7 March 1975, British Nuclear Energy Society,
London, 1976
16. C. Lebrun, M. Mezin: La separation isotopique, La Recherche, 7, 71, 823, 1976
17. J.I. Davis, R.W. Davis: Some Aspects of the Laser Isotope Separation Program at
Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Preprint UCRL – 77981, LLL, Nov. 15, 1976
18. E. Stark Jr.: Solution Looking for a Problem: Laser Isotope Separation, Ind. Res., p.
78, Oct. 1976
19. * * * Nuclear Power and Its Fuel Cycle, Technical Session 2.3: Isotope Separation,
Proc. of an International Conference, Salzburg, 2-13, May 1977, The Nuclear Fuel
Cycle, Vol. 3, Part 2, IAEA, Vienna, 1977
20. A.S. Krass: Laser Enrichment of Uranium: The Proliferation Connection, Science,
196, 721, 1977
21. R.N. Zare: Laser Separation of Isotopes, Scientific American, 236, 2, 86, Febr.1977
22. Ph. Mathieu: Techniques de separation des isotopes de l’uranium par lasers, Coll.
Publications Faculte des sciences appliquees, Univ. Liege, No. 65, p. 136, 1977
23. P. Rigny: La separation isotopique par laser, Sciences et Techniques, No. 40, Mars
1977
24. K. Yamad, N. Ozaki, M. Yamamoto, K. Ueyanagi, Optimum Operating Conditions
for a Laser Uranium Enrichment Plant, Applied Energy, 3, 287, 1977
25. W. Ehrfeld, U. Ehrfeld: Uranistopentrennung, Chemiker Zeitung, 101, 53, 1977
26. H.D.V. Bohm: Isotopentrennung von 235U und 238U im Atomstrahl mit selektiver
zweistufiger Photoionisation, Report GKSS 77/E/39, Hamburg University, 1977
27. S. Villani, Ed.: Uranium Enrichment, Chap. 6: Laser Methods of Uranium Isotope
Separation (by C.P. Robinson and R.J. Jensen), Topics in Applied Physics, vol. 35,
269, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1979
28. M.C. Frejacques: Le CEA fournisseur de procedes d’enrichissement, Echos du CEA,
1, 15, 1979
29. J.W. Leonhardt, G. Muller: Neue Aspekte de Uranisotopentrennung, Kernenergie, 22,
5, 149, 1979
30. R.G. Harrison: Separating Isotopes by Lasers, Phys. Bull., 30, 259, 1979
31. R.J. Jense, J.A. Sullivan, F.T. Finch: Laser Isotope Separation, Report LA-UR-792727, LASL, 1979

3. 32. J.H. Coates: L’enrichissement isotopique de l’uranium, CEA Notes d’information, 6,
3, 1980
33. K. Oshima: The Status and Future Perspective of Uranium Enrichment in Japan, , Int.
Conf. On the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Amsterdam, Sept. 15, 1980
34. W. Ehrfeld, U. Ehrfeld: 2.4: Anreicherung von 235U; 2.4.8: Photoselektive
Isotopentrennung durch Laserstrahlung, Gmelin Handbuch der anorganischen
Chemie, U Erganzungsband A2 Isotope, p. 134, 1980
35. * * * INFCE – Enrichment Availability, Report of Working Group 2, IAEA, Vienna,
1980
36. C. Frejacques: Progres recents en chimie nucleaire: Fotochimie selective par laser,
Institut de France, C.R. Academie des Sciences 292, Supplement, 6 Oct. 1980
37. G. Mainfray: L’ionisation multiphotonique des atoms, Echos CEA, Science et
recherche, Special 1980, p. 59, 1980
38. P. Benetti, M. Broglia, F. Catoni, P. Zampetti: Atomic Uranium Laser Isotope
Separation, Energia nucleare, 27, 3, 151, 1980
39. J.I. Davis: Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation, Preprint UCRL–83516, Febr.
1980
40. * * * Report of the Energy Research Advisory Board Study Group on Advanced
Isotope Separation,DOE/NMB-3012771, Nov. 1980
41. * * * Nuclear Engineering for an Uncertain Future, K. Oshima, Y. Mishima, Y.
Ando Eds., Univ. of Tokyo Press, p. 71, 1981
42. M. Clerc: Procede d’enrichissement de l’uranium par lasers, AIEA “Le cycle du
combutible nucleaire”, 1-30 Sept., 1981, Module 2 – Debut de cyclce, 2.9, CEA,
CEN. Saclay, 1981
43. M. Stuke: Isotopentrennung mit Laserlicht, Spektrum der Wiss, p. 76, April 1982
44. C. Ungureanu, V. Mercea, V. Cosma: Separarea izotopica prin excitare selectiva
laser, Rev. Chimie, Bucharest, 33, 4, 391, 1982
45. D. Massignon: Genie nucleaire: Cycle de combustible – Enrichissement de
l’uranium, Techniques de l’ingenieur, Paris France, Fiche B 3600, 1982
46. J.I. Davis: Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation, Preprint UCRL – 88040, LLNL,
Oct. 1982
47. * * * Report of the Energy Research Advisory Board on Advanced Isotope
Separation, USDOE, May, 1982
45. R.J. Jensen, O. P.Judd, J.A. Sullivan: Separating Isotopes with Lasers, Los Alamos
Science, 3, 1, 2, 1982.
46. G. Meyer-Kretschmer, H. Jetter: Uran-Anreicherung mit Lasern, Naturwiss., 70, 7, 1983
47. P. Rigny: Separation isotopiques – nouveau procedes, 2, 12, Ete 1984
48. A.Y. Portnoff: Uranium enrichi: la bataille des procedes, Techniques, 8, 35, 1984
49 J.I. Davis: Laser Isotope Program – Background, IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE20, 6, 597, 1984
50. * * * Laser Applications – Isotope Separation, Report LLL-TB-067, LLNL, 1984
51. * * * Business Development Opportunity in Laser Applications : Isotope Separation,
Report LLL-TB-068, LLNL, 1984
52. S. Villani: Progress in Uranium Enrichment, Naturwiss., 71, 115, 1984
53. * * * AVLIS Industrial Access Program, Report UCID-20160, Nov. 1984

4. 54. * * * AVLIS Documentation Overview and Tables of Contents, Report UCID-20180,
Nov. 1984
55. * * * AVLIS Production Plant Project Management Plan, Report UCID- 20189, Nov.
1984
56. * * * AVLIS Production Plant Work Breakdown Structure and Dictionary, Report
UCID-201190, Nov. 1984
57. * * * AVLIS Production Plant Project Schedule and Milestones, Report UCID20191, Nov. 1984
58. * * * AVLIS Production Plant Preliminary Quality Assurance Plan and Assessment,
Report UCID-20196, Nov. 1984
59. * * * AVLIS Production Plant Waste Management Plan, Report UCID-20197, Nov.
1984
60. M. Clerc, P. Rigny, O. de Witte: Separation isotopique par laser, Le laser, H. Maillet
Ed., p. 197, CEN Saclay, 1984
61. G. Văsaru: Uranium and Nuclear Power, Priorities in the Field of Energy, Series
Vol. II, p.104, I. Ursu, Ed.), Dacia Press, Cluj-Napoca, 1984.
62. R.C. Stern, J.A. Paisner: Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation, Preprint UCRL93584, Nov. 1985
63. J.I. Davis, J.A. Paisner: Science, Technology, and the Industrialization of LaserDriven Processes: Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation, Report UCID-20448,
LLNL, May 1985
64. L.L. Ott: Enriched Diagnostic System (EDS) Operator and Control Software,
Preprint UCRL-92089, LLNL, April 1985
65. * * * Access to Laser Isotope Separation, Report LLL-TB-70, LLNL, 1985
66. * * * AVLIS – Advanced Enrichment Technology of the United States, Report LLLTB-072, LLNL, 1985
67. P. Rigny: Le reenrichissement de l’uranium de retraitement, Journee SFEN “Le
recyclage dans les reacteurs a eau sous pression”, p. 24, CEN Saclay, 15 Oct. 1985
68. P. Rigny: Present and Prospective Situation in Laser Isotope Separation: Will the
FEL be Needed?, Nucl. Instr. & Methods in Physics Res. A239, 432, 1985
69. * * * Separative Work, NUKEM Market Report 6, p. 6, 1985
70. M.Clerc, P.Rigny: Physique des procedes de separation des isotopes de l'uranium par
laser, Rev. Gen. de Nucleaire (France), 6, 513, 1985
71. W. de Rutter: La separation isotopique par laser, La Recherche, 162, 32, Jan. 1985
72. H. Mohrhauer, M. Krey: Urananreicherung und Konversion, Kerntechnik – Der
internationale Markt, Deutsche Atomforum, URANIT GmbH, Okt. 1985,
73. C.B. Hitz: Laser Enrichment of Uranium, Lasers & Applications, p. 105, Sept. 1985
74. * * * British Look to Laser Enrichment of Uranium, Res. & Dev., p. 41, Nov. 1986
75. R. Kuchelka: Uranium Enrichment – the Situation Hitherto and Possible Effects of
the Decision by the US Dept. of Energy on the Sole Further Development of AVLIS,
Braunkohle 38, 1-2, 10, 1986
76. J.I.Davis, M.L. Spaeth: AVLIS : A Technical and Economic Forecast, Preprint
UCRL-94272, April, 1986
77. * * * SILVA – Enrichissement de l’uranium par laser, CEA, Mai, 1986
78. M. Clerc, P. Plurien: Advanced Uranium Enrichment Processes, CEC, Nuclear
Science and Technology, Report EUR 10743 EN, Brussels, June 1986

5. 79. K. Takeuchi, H. Tashiro: Uranium Enrichment by Lasers, Radioisotopes, 35, 6, 333,
1986
80. A.Petit: Principes de base du procede SILVA, Cours sur l'enrichissement de l'uranium
par le procede SILVA, p.1, CEA, IRDI, DESICP, CEN Saclay, Oct. 1986.
81. A. Pouris: The Future Cost of Uranium Enrichment. Technology and Economics,
Energy Policy, p. 558, Dec. 1986
82. J.H. Coates: L’enrichissement de l’uranium, quel future?, Clefs CEA, 2, 17, 1986
83. R.S. Hargrove, J.B. Knighton, R.S. Eby, J.H. Pashley, R.E. Norman: Integration of
the AVLIS Process into the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Preprint UCRL-95079, August 1986
84. H.G. Tolland: Advanced Enrichment Technologies, Atom, 359, 2, Sept. 1986
85. B. Comaskey, J. Crane, G. Erbert, C. Haynan, M. Johnson, J. Morris, J. Paisner, R.
Solarz, W. Worden: Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation Using Resonance
Ionization, Preprint UCRL-95020, LLNL, Sept. 1986
86. Cours sur l’enrichissement de l’uranium par le procede SILVA. I. Principes de base
du procede SILVA (par A. Petit); II Les lasers du procede SILVA et leur mise en
oeuvre (par M. Clerc); III. Presentation du separateur et evocation des problemes
technologiques du procede SILVA (par E. Bails), CEA, IRDI, DESICP, Oct. 1986
87. V.S. Crocker, P.F.P. Roberts: UK Laser isotope separation, Atom, 363, 2, Jan. 1987
88. * * * Laser Isotope Separation Research, Report UCI-21182, Sept. 1987, reprinted
from Energy & Technology Rev., July 1987
89. J.R. Lomgenecker, N. Haberman: The AVLIS Programme, Nucl. Technol. Intl, ,
Sterling Publ. Ltd., p. 99, 1987
90.Soubbaramayer: Physical Aspects of the Isotope Separation by Laser Induced
Selective Ionization (with Emphasis on Model Analysis), Report CEA-Conf-9309,
July, 1987, CEN-Saclay, IRDI, DESICP, DPC-SPP-SPAP, Febr. 1998
91. J.A.Paisner: Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation, Applied Physics B 46, 253,
1988.
92. P.G. Sewell N. Haberman: AVLIS Programme Powers Ahead in United States, Nucl.
Eng. Intl., p. 17, Oct. 1988
93. C. Whitehead: An Up-Date on the British Laser Isotope Separation Programme, Intl.
Enrichment Conference, Monterey, California, June 18, 1989
94. P. Plurien: AVLIS Technology - Principal Advantages and Problems, Technical
Reports Series No. 305, Nuclear Fuel Cycle in the 1990’s an Beyond the Century:
Some Trends and Foreseeable Problems, p. 55, IAEA, Vienna, 1989
95. C. Whitehead: Uranium Enrichment for Nuclear Power, Chemistry in Britain, p.
1161, Dec. 1990
96. P.T. Greenland: Laser Isotope Separation, Contemporary Physics, 31, 6, 405, 1990
97. K. Katoh, A. Suzuki: Coherent Population Trapping in Four-Photon Three-Step
Ionization Scheme, J. Nuclear Sci. & Technol., 27, 6, 554, 1990
98. P. Rigny: R & D Update on SILVA French Laser Enrichment Process, Nuclear
Europe Worldscan, 3-4, 11, 1990
99. Xu Bao-yu: Laser Isotope Separation of Uranium by Three Susequent Resonance
Excitation Process, Chines Sci. Bull. 36, 1, 21, 1991

6. 100. G. Văsaru, C. Ungureanu: Isotope Separation by Laser Method, Proc of the Third
Natl. Conf. on Lasers Applications, Sept. 26-28, 1991, Timisoara, p. 85.
101. * * * Proceedings of the International Symposium on
Isotope Separation and
Chemical Exchange Uranium Enrichment, Oct.29 - Nov.1, 1990, Y. Fujii, T. Ishida,
K.Takeuchi, Eds. Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan 199o, Chapter 2, p. 99
and Chapter 4, p. 229, 1992.
102. * * * Separation Phenomena in Liquids and Gases, Third Workshop Proceedings,
Houston G. Wood Ed., Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, 1992, pp. 77; 87; 99; 151;
189,
Charlottesville, Virginia, 1992
103. S. Goldstein, F.Lambert, Y. Lapierre: L’enrichissement de l’uranium plusieurs axes
de recherche, Clefs CEA, 26, 26, 1993
104. K. Moore: Caution and Over capacity in the Enrichment Market, Atom , 431, 34,
1993.
105. * * * SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 1859, Laser Isotope Separation, J.A. Paisner Ed.,
LLNL, Los Angeles, CA, 1993, pp. 2; 14; 38; 64; 69; 79; 86; 98; 108; 117; 120; 130;
145; 154; 172; 182; 194; 251; 263; 273; 277, Los Angeles, CA., 1993
106. P. Jelinek, M. Lenders: Uranium Enrichment Services in the United States,
Atomwirtschaft, p. 502, July 1994
107. * * * Separation Phenomena in Liquids and Gases, Fourth Workshop Proceedings,
Chuntong Ying Ed., Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, P.R. China, 1994, pp. 1; 7; 15; 31; 41;
45; 65; 73, Beijing, China
108. K. Moore: Will Uranium Market heed the Call for More from Mines, Atom, 437, 32,
1995
109. * * * Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation, AVLIS Overview, USEC, 1995
110. * * * 1996 AVLIS Program Acievements, USEC, 1996
111. * * * Advantages of U-AVLIS, USEC ,1996
112. * * * Separation Phenomena in Liquids and Gases, Fifth Workshop Proceedings, C.
Schwab, N.A.S. Rodrigues, Houston G. Wood, Eds. Foz do Iguacu, Brasil, 1996, pp.
213; 222; 241; 254; 263; 270; 278; 288; 290; 305; 317; 348, INPE; Foz de Iguacu,
Brasil, 1996
113. J. Longenecker, R. Witzel: Uranium Enrichment. A Market in Transition, Fuel
Review 1996: Enrichment Market, p. 15, Sept. 1996
114. R. Baudrillart, M. Alexandre, G. Bordier, A. Rosengard: Un exemple d’actinide dand
tous ses etats, Clefs CEA, 31, 14, 1996
115. N. Camarcat: Histoire de la recherche sur l’enrichissement au CEA, RGN, 2, 9, 1996
116. Y. Lapierre, P. Zeller: Le procede moleculaire d’enrichissement de l’uranium, RGN,
2, 18, 1996
117. J. Cazalet: Le procede atomique SILVA, RGN 2, 20, 1996
118. Y. Coupin: Les enjeux actuels et les defis pour emain de l’enrichissement de
l’uranium, RGN, 2, 24, 1996
119. I. Hore-Lacy: Nuclear Electricity, 4th Edition, UIC, Melbourne, Australia, 1997
120. Mr. Sauzay: AVLIS Process: COGEMA’s Point of View, International Nuclear Fuel
Seminar, Saclay, No. 7, March 9-20, 1997
121. * * * Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation, Report UCRL-ID-109089-94,

7. 122. G. Văsaru: Uranium Isotopic Enrichment in the Perspective of the Years 2000-2010,
National Seminar on Public Information on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy “NUC
Info ’98 Proceedings, 30th Sept – 2nd Oct. 1998, Bucharest, Romania, Volume 2,
Paper 18, Bucharest, 1998
123. * * * Separation Phenomena in Liquids and Gases, Sixth Workshop Proceedings,
Nagoya, Oct. 18-21, 1998, I. Yamamoto Ed., Nagoya Univ, Japan, 1998, pp. 190;
191; 213; 231; 246; 250; 258; 266; 279; 286; 298; 310, Nagoya, Japan, 1998
124. * * * International Conference on Stable Isotopes and Isotope Effects, Carry le
Rouet, France, June 20-25, 1999, Book of Abstracts, E. Soulie, E. Roth, Eds., p.
B02, Carry le Rouet, 1999
125. I. Hore-Lacy: Nuclear Electricity, 5th Edition, UIC, Melbourne, Australia, 1999
126. * * * Military Warheads as a Source of Nuclear Fuel, Nuclear Issues Briefing Paper
4, UIC, Melbourne, Australia, April, 1999
127. * * * Cronology of the Megatons to Megawatts Contract (as of Oct. 10, 1999),
USEC, 1999
128. B. Szymanski: U.S. Enriched Market, EIA, DOE, 12, 29, 1999
129. G. Văsaru, Uranium Enriched Market After 2000, Separation Phenomena in Liquids
and Gases, Seventh Workshop Proceedings, V.D. Borisevich Ed., Moscow State
Eng. Physics Institute (Technical University), p. 243, Moscow 2000.
B. Uranium Spectroscopy
1. K.L.V.Sluis: Least Squares Adjustment of Atomic Energy Levels, J. Opt. Soc. Am.,
56, 11, 1600, 1966
2. L.J. Radziemski, Jr., K.J. Fisher, D.W. Steinhaus, A.S. Goldman: Calculation of
Atomic Energy Level Values, Computer Phys. Comm., 3, 9, 1972
3. L. Radziemski, Jr., K. Fischer, D. Steinhous, A.S. Goldman: Wave Number
Calculation from Least-Squares Level Values, Computer Phys. Comm., 3, 19, 1972
4. S. Gerstenkorn, P. Luc, C.B. Arnoult, D. Merle: Structure hyperfine du niveau
fondamental, moments dipolaire et quadrupolaire de l’isotope 235U de l’uranium, Le J.
de Physique, 34, 805, Oct. 1973
5. F. Guyon, J. Blaise, J.F. Wyart: Etude parametrique des configurations impaires
profondes dans les spectres de l’uranium U I et U II, J. de Physique, 35, 929, 1974
6. R.W. Solarz, J.A. Paisner, L.R. Carlson, C.A. May, S.A. Johnson: Multi-Step Laser
Spectroscopy in Atomic Uranium, Preprint UCRL – 77590, LLL, Dec. 8, 1975
7. P.A. Voigt: Measurement of U I and U II Relative Oscillator Strengths, Phys. Rev. A,
11, 6, 1845, June, 1975
8. R. Solarz, C. May: Autoionization Spectra and High Lying Odd Parity Levels in
Uranium Vapor, Preprint UCRL-76356, LLL, May 13, 1975
9. J.S. Klose: Mean Life of the 27 887-cm-1 Level in U I, Phys. Rev. A, 13, 6, 1840,
June, 1975
10. L.J. Radziemski, Jr., S. Gerstenkorn, P. Luc: Uranium Transitions and Energy Levels
which may be Useful in Atomic-Photoionization Schemes for Separating 238U and
235
U, Optics Comm. 15, 2, 273, 1975
11. F.S. Tomkins: Furnace Spectra of Neutral Uranium, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 65, 1188A,
1975

8. 12. P.A. Voigt, R.L. Kornblith: Measurement of U I Relative Oscillator Strengths, J. Opt.
Soc. Am., 66, 5, 492, 1976
13. G.S. Janes, I. Itzkan, C.T. Pike, R.H. Levy, L. Levin: Two-Photon Isotope Separation
of Atomic Uranium: Spectroscopic Studies, Excited-State Lifetimes, and
Photoionization Cross Sections, IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, Vol. QE-12, 2, 111,
1976
14. J.A. Paisner, L.R. Carlson, E.F. Worden, S.A. Johnson, C.A. May, R.W. Solarz: D.C.
Electric Field Behavior of High Lying States In Atomic Uranium, Preprint UCRL78034, LLL, March 31, 1976
15. J. Blaise, L. Radziemski, Jr.: Energy Levels of Neutral Atomic Uranium (U I), J. Opt.
Soc. Am. 66, 7, 644, 1976
16. L.R. Carlson, J.A. Paisner, E.F. Worden, S.A. Johnson, C.A. May, R.W. Solarz:
Radiative Lifetimes, Absorption Cross Sections, and the Observation of New Highlying Odd Levels of 238U using Multistep Laser Photoionization, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66,
8, 846, 1976
17. E. Miron, L.A. Levin, G. Erez, S. Lavi: Continuous Scanning of Atomic Uranium
Levels, Optics Comm., 18, 4, 536, Sept., 1976
18. R.W. Solarz, C.A. May, L.R. Carlson, E.F. Worden, S.A. Johnson, J.A. Paisner, L.J.
Radziemski, Jr., Detection of Rydberg States in Atomic Uranium Using TimeResolved Stepwise Laser Photoionization, Phys. Rev. A, 14, 3, 1129, Sept. 1976
19. J.M. Gagne, S.N. Van, J.P.S Dizier, P. Pianarosa: Isotope Shifts of 234U, 236U, 238U in
UI, JOSA Letters, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 66, 12, 1415, 1976
20. J.M. Gagne, J.P. Saint-Dizier, P. Pianarosa: Odd-even Staggering of 235U from the
5027 Å Line in UI, Optics Comm. 20, 2, 269, 1977
21. J.A.Paisner, R.W. Solarz, E.F. Worden, J.G. Conway: Identification of Rydberg
States in the Atomic Lanthanides andActinides, Preprint UCRL-79550, IS 77-143,
LLL, May 24, 1977
22. L.R. Carlson, S.A. Johnson, E.F. Worden, C.A. May, R.W. Solarz, J.A. Paisner:
Determination of Absolute Atomic Transition Probabilities Using Time-Resolved
Optical Pumping, Optics Comm., 21, 1, 116, 1977
23. D.J.H.Wort, C.G. Brown: Relative Branching Ratios in UI, Optics Comm., 21, 2, 205,
May 1977
24. H.D. Bohm, W. Michaelis, C. Weitkamp: Hyperfine Structure and Isotope Shift
Measurements on 235U and Laser Separation of Uranium Isotopes by Two-Step
Photoionization, Optics Comm. 26, 2, 177, 1978
25. L.A. Hackel, C.F. Bender, M.A. Johnson, M.C. Rushford: Hyperfine Structure of
High-lying Levels of Uranium, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 69, 2, , 1979
26. R.A. Keller, R. Engleman, Jr., E.F. Zalewski: Optogalvanic Spectroscopy in a
Uranium Hollow Cathode Discharge, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 69, 5, 738, 1979
27. R. Engleman, Jr., H.A. Palmer: Precision Isotope Shifts for the Heavy Elements. I.
Neutral Uranium in the Visible and Near Infrared, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 70, 3, 308, 1980
28. S.A. Ahmad: P.L. Pandey: Spectroscopic and Thermal Properties of Uranium
Relevant to Atomic Schemes for Laser Isotope Separation, Report B.A.R.C. – 1091,
Bombay, India, 1980
29. P. Benetti, M. Broglia, F. Catoni, P. Zampetti: Separazione isotopica dell’uranio
mediante laser: aspetti spettroscopici, Report CNEN-RT/FI(80)19, 1980

9. 30. B.A. Palmer, R.A. Keller, R.Engleman, Jr.: An Atlas of Uranium Emission
Intensities in a Hollow Cathode Discharge, Report LA-8251-MS, LASL, July, 1980
31. Hao-Lin Chen, C. Borzileri: Laser Induced Fluorescence Studies of UII produced by
Photoionization of Uranium, J Chem. Phys, 74, 11, 6063, 1981
32. A. Coste, R. Avril, P. Blancard, J. Chatelet, D. Lambert, J. Legre: New Spectroscopic
Data on High-lying Excited Levels of Atomic Uranium, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 72, 1, 103,
1982
33. H.M. Crosswhite:The Spectrum of UI, U II, U V, U VI, Gmelin Handbuch “Uran
A5” 1982
34. C. Dreze, Y. Demers, J.M. Gagne: Mechanistic Study of the Optogalvanic Effect in a
Hollow-Cathode Discharge, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 72, 1, 912, 1982
35. T. Arizawa, Y. Maruyama, Y. Suzuki, Y. Naruse: The Influence of the Laser Line
Width on the Selectivity in Laser Isotope Separation, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 16,
2415, 1983
36. M. Broglia, F. Catoni, P. Zampetti: Optogalvanic Detection of Uranium High-lying
Levels, J. de Physique, Colloque C7, Suppl. No. 11, Tome 44, p. C7-251, Nov. 1983
37. J.M. Gagne, Y. Demers, P. Pianarosa, C. Dreze: Effet optogalvanique dans une
decharge a cathode creuse: Mecanisme et dosage isotopique de l’uranium, J. de
Physique, Colloque C7, Suppl. No. 11, Tome 44, p. C7-355, Nov. 1983
38. M. Broglia, F. Catoni, P. Zampetti: Temporal Behaviour of the Optogalvanic Signal
in a Hollow Cathode Lamp, J. de Physique, Colloque C7, Suppl. No. 11, Tome 44, p.
C7-479, Nov. 1983
39. J.G. Conway, E.F. Worden, J.W. Brault, R.P. Hubbard, J.J. Wagner: Uranium
Spectrum between 1.8 and 5.5 microns Emitted from a Hollow Cathode, Atomic Data
and Nuclear Data Tables, 31, 299, 1984
40. J.G. Conway, E.F. Worden: Isotope Shift of Uranium in the Infrared Region between
1817 and 5598 cm-1, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 1, 788, 1984
41. R. Avril, M. Labachellerie, F. Viala, A. Petit: The Hyperfine Structure of 2 and 4 eV
Levels in Uranium, J. Less-Common, Metals, 122, 47, 1986
42. Y. Demers, J.M. Gagne, C. Dreze, P. Pianarosa: Hyperfine Structure Measurements
on Some 235U Levels by Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 3,
1678, 1986
43. C.C. Ghizoni, W. de Lima, M.G. Destro: Espectroscopia do atomo de uranio atraves
de deteccao optogalvanica, Report IEAv-01/86 (Set 86), Istituto de estudos
avancados, Sao Paulo, Brasil, 1986
44. M. Miller: Basic Concepts in Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, Radiation Chemistry:
Principles and Applications, VCH Publishers, Inc., 1986
45. E. Langlois, J.M. Gagne: Optogalvanic Detection of the Zeeman Effect in a HollowCathode Discharge, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 4, 7, 1222, 1987
46. J.A. Paisner, R.W. Solarz: Resonance Photoionization Spectroscopy, Laser
Spectroscopy and Its Applications, L.J. Radziemski, R.W. Solarz, J.A. Paisner, Eds.,
Chap. 3., p. 175, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1987
47. V.S. Letokhov: Laser Photoionization Spectroscopy, Academic Press, Inc., 1987
48. J.L. Lyman: Laser-Induced Molecular Dissociation. Applications in Isotope
Separation and Related Phenomena, Laser Spectroscopy and Its Applications, L.J.

10. Radziemski, R.W. Solarz, J.A. Paisner, Eds., Marcel Dekker, Inc., Chap. 7, p. 417,
New York, 1987
49. R. Avril, J. Ebrardt, A. Petit, F.Viala, E. Vors: The Spectroscopy of Uranium Atom
within the “SILVA” Program, J. de Physique, Colloque C7, Soppl. No. 12, Tome 48,
p. C7-691, ec. 1987
50. A.C. La Fontaine: Study of Low-Temperature Uranium Plasmas not within Local
Thermodynamical Equilibrium, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys., 20, 6649, 1987
51. B.M. Suri, K. Dasgupta, P.N. Bajaj, K.G. Manohar, R. Talukdar, P.K. Chakraborti,
P.R.K. Rao: Observation of New High-lying Odd Levels of U I in a Two-Color
Multiphoton Ionization Spectrum, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B., 4, 11, 1835, 1987
52. V.K. Mago, B. Lal, A.K. Ray, P.R.K. Rao, S.D. Sharma: Single-Color
Photoionization Studies in Uranium I, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys., 20, 6531, 1987
53. V.K. Mago, B. Lal, A.K. Ray, R. Kapoor, S.D. Sharma, P.R.K. Rao: Two-Color
Three-Step Photoionization of Uranium, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys., 20, 6021, 1987
54. S.A. Ahmad, P.M. Rao, B.N. Jagatap: Energy Levels, Isotope Shifts, Hyperfine
Structures, Lifetimes, Transition Probabilities and Other Spectroscopic Parameters of
Neutral Uranium Atom – Update 1987, Report B.A.R.C – 1413, Bombay, India,
1988
55. V.K. Mago, A.K. Ray, B. Lal, P.R.K. Rao: Study of High-lying Odd Levels in U I by
Two-Color Photoionization, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 21, 955, 1988
56. P.N. Bajaj, K.G. Manohar, B.M. Suri, K. Dasgupta, R. Talukdar, P.K. Chakraborti,
P.R.K. Rao: Two-Color Multiphoton Ionization Spectroscopy of Uranium from a
Metastable State, Appl. Phys. B 47, 55, 1988
57. K.N. Piyakis, J.M. Gagne: Simple Method for Identifying Doubly Ionized Uranium
(U III) Produced in a Hollow-Cathode Discharge, Optics Letters, 13, 3, 198, 1988
58. K. N. Piyakis, J.M. Gagne: Optogalvanic Study of Double Ionized Uranium (U III) in
a Hollow-Cathode Discharge, J. Opt. Soc. Am.B, 6, 1, 7, 1989
59. K.N. Piyakis, J.M. Gagne: Optogalvanic Measurement of Isotope Shifts of Doubly
Ionized Uranium (U III) made using Natural-U Samples, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 6, 12,
2289, 1989
60. L.W. Green, F.C. Sopchyshyn: Quantification of Uranium Isotopes by Multiphoton
Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry, Intl. J. Mass Spectrometry and Ion
Processes, 89, 81, 1989
61. N.C. Handy: The Calculation of Vibrational Energy Levels by Semiclassical and
Quantum Methodology: A Review, Int. Reviews in Phys. Chem., 8, 4, 275, 1989
62. R. Bruzzese, A. Sasso, S. Solimeno: Multiphoton Excitation and Ionization of Atoms
and Molecules, La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento, 12, 7, 1, 1989
63. S.C. Foster, T.A. Miller: The Spectroscopy of Transient Species in Supersonic Free
Jet Expansions, Laser Applications in Physical Chemistry, D.K. Evans, Ed., Chap, 7,
p. 307, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1989
64. H. F. Arnoldus, T.F. George, K.S. Lam, J.F. Scipione, P.L. Devries, J.M. Yuan:
Recent Progress in the Theory of Laser-Assisted Collisions, Laser Applications in
Physical Chemistry, D.K. Evans, Ed., Chap. 8, p. 329, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New
York, 1989
65. I. Martinson: The Spectroscopy of Highly Ionized Atoms, Rep. Prog. Phys., 52, 157,
1989

11. 66. D.N. Stacey, K. Burnett: High-resolution Spectroscopy of Atoms, Sci. Prog., Oxf. 73,
351, 1989
67. A.K. Ray, V.K. Mago, B. Lal, P.R.K. Rao: New Odd-Parity Rydberg and
Autoionization Levels in Uranium I, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 7, 2, 145, 1990
68. P.T. Greenland, D.N. Travis, D.J.H. Wort: Resonant Ionization Polarization
Spectroscopy in Uranium, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys., 23, 2945, 1990
69. R.A Naumann: Electrical and Inertial Parameters for Th, U, Pu Isotopes, Hyperfine
Interactions 59, 113, 1990
70. J.M. Gagne, A. Briand, T. Berthoud, K.N. Piyakis: Thermal Photoionization in
Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy, Appl. Phys. B 50, 29, 1990
71. K. Dittrich, R. Wennrich: Laser Vaporization in Atomic Spectroscopy: Sample
Introduction in Atomic Spectrsocopy, J. Sneddon, Ed., Chap. 5, p. 107, Elsevier, 1990
72. Jia Liejuan, Jing Chunyang, Lin Fucheng: Hyperfine Structure Measurements of 235U
High-lying Levels Using a Hollow-Cathod Lamp, Chinese Phys. Lett., 8, 4, 172,
1991
73. M.G. Destro, C. Schwab, P.C. Cruz, A. Scalabrin, D. Pereira, A. Mirage: Utilizacao
de espectroscopia optogalvanica intermodulada em medidas de desvio isotopico e
estrutura hiperfina do uranio, Rev. de Fisica Aplicada e Instrum., 7, 2, 64, 1992
74. F.C. Cruz, A. Scalabrin, D. Pereira, M.G. Destro, C. Schwab, A. Mirage: Analise de
formas de linhas em espectroscopia optogalvanica de intermodulacao do uranio, Rev.
de Fisica Aplicada e Instrum., 7, 3, 108, 1992
75. A.K. Ray, B. Lal, V.K. Mago, P.R.K. Rao: Resonantly Enhanced Single-Color
Multiphoton Ionization of Uranium Atom, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 9, 11, 1979, 1992
76.V.K. Mago, A.K. Ray, B. Lal, P.R.K. Rao: Two-Step Single-Color Photoionization
Spectroscopy of Atomic Uranium, Appl. Phys. B 56, 39, 1993
77.I.J.Ford: Pure and Mixed State Calculations of the Laser-Induced Ionization of
Uranium, J. Phys. B: AT. Mol. Opt. Phys., 26, 1569, 1993
78. Jin Chang-Tai, LiuYu-Fu, Liang Xiu-Quing, Wang Cheng-Fei, An Yu-Xian, Wang
Xiu-Lan, Song Bo-Xue, Zhou Da-Fan: Observation of High-lying Odd Levels of
Uranium Atom in Two-Color Three-Photon Resonace Photoionization Spectrum,
Chinese Sci. Bull., 38, 12, 1002, 1993
79. M. G. Destro: Espectroscopia a laser em vapor metalico e uranio, Relatorio de
pesquisa IEAv – 028/93, SP, Brasil, 1993
80. J. Blaise, J.F. Wyart, J. Verges, R. Engleman, Jr., B.A. Palmer, L.J. Radziemski:
Energy Levels and Isotope Shifts for Singly Ionized Uranium (U II), J. Opt. Soc. Am.
B, 11, 10, 1897, 1994
81. R. Avril, A. Ginibre, A. Petit: On the Hyperfine Structure in the Configuration
5f36d7s2 of Neutral Uranium, Z. Phys. D 29, 91, 1994
82. G. Văsaru, A Data Base for AVLIS-U Method, Separation Phenomena in Liquids and
Gases, Seventh Workshop Proceedings, V.D. Borisevich Ed., Moscow State Eng.
Physics Institute (Technical University), p. 259, Moscow 2000.
83. G. Văsaru, A Database for AVLIS-U Method, Romanian Journal of Physics, (2003)
Vol. 48(suppl.1) p. 449, Bucharest, Romania.

12. C. Lasers
1. R.A.Mail, F.J. Markovich, R.H. Carr: Cost Analysis of Lasers for a Laser Isotope
Separation System, Report CR-2-718, General Research Corp. and LLL, Jan. 1977
2. J.I.Davis, E.B. Rockower: Lasers in Material Processing, Preprint UCRL – 85175,
Rev. 2, LLNL, June, 1981
3. M.J. Kushner, B.E. Warner: Large-Bore Copper-Vapor Lasers: Kinetics and Scaling
Issues, Preprint UCRL-88517, LLNL, Dec. 16, 1982
4. J.I. Davis, J.Z. Holtz, M.L. Spaeth: Status and Prospects for Lasers in Isotope
Separation, Preprint UCRL-87583, LLNL, May 4, 1982
5. J.I. Davis: Lasers in Chemicals Processing, Report UCRL-53276, LLNL, April15,
1982 and in “Recent Development in Uranium Enrichment”, AICE Symposium
Series, J.R. Merriman, M. Benedict, Eds., 221, Vol. 78, p. 71, 1982
6. G. Salvetat, P. Isnard, M. Clerc, J.M. Weulersse: Realisation d’une source Raman a
16 m, Report CEA-R-5314, CEN Saclay, Oct. 1985
7. R. Hugon: Fonctionnement du laser a vapeur de cuivre. Etude bibliographique,
Report CEA-R-5296, CEN Saclay, Jan. 1985
8. D. Doizi: Etude bibliographique des proprietes photophysiques et photochimiques
de colorants laser, Rapport CEA-R-5359, Juin, 1986
9. L. Gilles: Laser et separation isotopique de l’uranium, CEA-Conf-9109, Jul. 1987
10. O. De Witte: Les lasers pour la separation isotopique, Entropie, 133, 19, 1987
11. B.E. Warner: An Overview of Copper Laser Development for Isotope Separation,
Preprint UCRL- 96314, LLNL, March 13, 1987
12. E. Pochon: Some Characteristics of Isotopic Separation Laser Systems, Nuclear
Europe, 1-2, 21, 1988
13. R. Reisfeld, R. Zusman, Y. Cohen, M. Eyal: The Spectroscopic Behavior of
Rhodamine 6G in Polar and Non-polar Solvents and in Thin glass and Pmma Films,
Chem. Phys. Letters, 147, 2-3, 142, 1988
14. P.E. Dyer: Laser Properties and Beam Characteristics, Laser Applications in
Physical Chemistry, D.K. Evans, Ed., Chap. 1, p. 1, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York,
1989
15. S.L. Chin: Laser Beam Transport, Laser Applications in Physical Chemistry, D.K.
Evans, Ed., Chap. 2, p. 39, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1989
16. B.A. Bushaw: High-Resolution Laser-Induced Ionization Spectroscopy, Prog.
Analyt. Spectr. 12, 247, 1989
17. C.E. Web: Copper Vapor Laser Pumping of Dye Lasers in Atomic and Molecular
Research, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No. 114, Section 9, RIS 90, Varese, Italy, 16 Sept
1990, 365, IOP Publishing Ltd., 1991
18. W.E. van der Veer, R.J.J. van Diest, A.B. van der Kamp, A Donszelmann: A
Copper Vapor Laser Operating at Wavelengths of 303.6 nm and 306.3 nm, Z. Phys.
D-Atom, Molecules and Clusters, 23, 155, 1992
19. A. Bettinger, M. Neu, J. Maury, J. Chatelet: Copper Vapor Laser Development for
SILVA, CEA, Dept. des procedes d’enrichissement, CEN Saclay, 26/11/1992.

13. D. Laser-Atom Interactions
1. K. Kraftick, P. Sholl: Real-Time Fluid Flow Model for Control of Solidification,
Preprint UCRL-92705, LLNL, July 1985
2. T. Ohnishi: Laser-Uranium Vapor Interaction in AVLIS and Behavior of Produced
Ions in an Electric Field, Proc. of Optika ’88 Third Intl. Symp. On Modern Optics,
Budapest, Sept. 13, 1988, Vol. I, p. 174, 1988
3. T. Ohnishi: Numerical Calculation of Non-linear Equations Concerning Laser-Atom
Interaction on a Cray-XMP, Proc. 22th Semiannual CRAY User Group Meeting, 191,
1988
4. Soubbaramayer: Computational Fluid Mechanics in R & D on Uranium Enrichment,
Symp. In Honor of Maurice Holt, June 26, 1988, Williamsburg, VA, 1988
5. Soubbaramayer: Interface liquid-vapeur et couches limite adjacentes dans un
evaporateur d’uranium, Analles de Physique, Colloque No. 2, Suppl. No. 3, Vol. 13,
p. 75, Juin, 1988
6. F. Boujot, Soubbaramayer: Un cas non lineaire du modele cinetique d’evaporationcondensation, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, t. 307, Serie II, p. 323, 1988
7. N. Hodson, H. Weber: Measurement of Extraction Efficiency and Excitation
Efficiency of Lasers, J. Modern Optics, 35, 5, 807, 1988
8. M.S. Pindzola, M.J. Buie: Electron-impact Ionization of Uranium Atomic Ions, Phys.
Rev., 39, 3, 1029, 1989
9. F. Doneddu: Ion Extraction and Charge Exchange in Laser Separation: A
Computational Approach, Separation Phenomena in Liquids and Gases, Second
Workshop, P. Louvet, P. Noe and Soubbaramayer Eds., Vol. 2, p. 687, CEN-Saclay,
1989
10. T. Ohnishi: Numerical Calculation of the Ionization Degree of Uranium Vapor
Distributed in the Atom-Vapor-Isotope-Separation System, Proc. 1st Intl. Conf.
Supercomputers Nuclear Applications, p. 186. 1990
11. T. Ohnishi: A Model Simulating the Space Variation of Ionization Degree in the
System of Atomic-Vapor-Laser-Isotope-Separation, Rep. Res. Cent. Ion Beam
Technol, Hosei Univ, Suppl. 8, p. 39, 1990
12. B.H. Bransden: Charge Exchange in Ion-Atom Collisions, Contemporary Physics,
31, 1, 19, 1990
13. R. Nishio, K. Tuchida, M. Tooma, K, Suzuki: Origins of Charged Particles in Vapor
Generated by Electron-Beam Evaporation, J. Applied Phys. 72, 10, 4548, 1992
14. M. Tooma, R. Nishio, K. Tsuchida, K. Suzuki: Population Ratio of Uranium
Metastable Atoms Evaporated by Electron Beam, Energy Res. Lab., Hitachi, Ltd., J.
At. Energy. Soc. Japan, 35, 5, 438, 1993
15. M. Murakami, K. Nishihara: Sheath Dynamics Induced by Ion-Acoustic Rarefaction
Wave, Phys. Fluids B 5, 9, 3441, 1993
16. M. Murakami, Y. Ueshima, K. Nishihara: Ion Collection by Electromagnetic Force,
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 32, p. L 1471, 1993
17. R. Nishio, K. Suzuki: Behavior of a Continuous Uranium Plasma Stream Expanding
Across a Weak Magnetic Field, Phys. Fluids B, Plasma Physics, 5, 7, 2036, 1993
18. R. Nishio, K. Suzuki: Plasma Removal by Box Type Electrode from Electron Beam
Generated Uranium Vapor, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 64, 11, 3278, 1993

14. 19. R. Nishio, K. Suzuki: Propagation Behavior of Uranium Plasma from Electron Beam
Metal Evaporator, J. Nucl. Sci. & Technol., 31, 6, 572, 1994
20. G.M. Cross, L.J. Frasinski, L. Zhang, P.A. Hatherly, K. Codling, A.J. Langley, W.
Shaikh: A Search for Direct (correlated) Two-Electron Emission from Uranium in
Intense Laser Fields, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 27, 1371, 1994
21. R. Nishio, K. Yamada, K. Suzuki, M. Wakabayashi: Ion Transport from Laser
Induced Metal Plasma to Ion Extraction Electrodes, J. Nucl. Sci. & Technol., 32, 2,
Febr. 1995.
E. Thermal Properties of Uranium
1. J.J.Katz, E. Rabinovitch: The Chemistry of Uranium, Mc.Graw Hill Book Co Inc.,
1951
2. E.G. Rauh, R.J. Thorn: Vapor Pressure of Uranium, J. Chem. Phys., 22, 8, 1414,
1954
3. R. Ackermann, P.W. Gilles, R.J. Thorn: High Temperature Thermodynamic
Properties of Uranium Dioxide, J. Chem. Phys., 25, 6, 1956
4. H.K. Lonsdale, J.N. Graves: Thermodynamics of Nuclear Materials, IAEA Vienna,
1962
5. R.Hultgren, R.L. Orr, F.D. Anderson, K.K.Kelley: Selected Values of
Thermodynamic Properties of Metals and Alloys, J. Wiley and Sons, Inc., N.Y., 1963
6. W.M. Olson: Thermodynamics of Nuclear Materials, IAEA Vienna, 1968
7. A. Pattoret, J. Drowart, S. Smoes: Mass Spectrometry Determination of Heat of
Sublimation of Uranium, Trans. Faraday Soc., 65, 98, 1969
8. F.L. Oetting, M.H. Rand, R.J. Ackermann, The Chemical Thermodynamics of
Actinide Elements, IAEA, Vienna, Part. I, 1976
9. D. Das, S.R. Dharwadkar, M.S. Chandrasekharaiah: Thermodynamics of Liquid
Uranium Vaporization, J. Nuclear Materials, 130, 217, 1985
10. R.W. Ohse: Equation of State of Uranium Oxide, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday 2, 83, 1235,
1987
11. D. Das, S.R. Dharwadkar, M.S. Chandrasekharaiah: Thermodynamics of Liquid
Uranium Vaporization, J. Nuclear Materials, 130, 217, 1985
12. R.N.R. Mulford, R.I. Sheldon: Density and Heat Capacity of Liquid Uranium at High
Temperatures, J. Nucl. Mat., 154, 268, 1988
13. A. Ochiai, T. Shikawa, K. Suzuki: Study of Properties of Uranium and Its
Compounds, Sci. Report, Ritu, A, Sendai, Japonia, 35, 2, 203, 1991
14. M. Boivineau, L. Arles, J.M. Vermeulen, Th. Thevenin: High-Pressure
Thermophysical Properties of Solid and Liquid Uranium, Physica B 190, 31, 1993
15. M.A. Havstad, W. McLean II, S.A. Self: Measurement of the Thermal Radiative
Properties of Liquid Uranium, J. Heat Transfer, 115, 1013, 1993.