This document summarizes a study on the effect of the herbicide endothal on carbohydrate concentrations in turions of the invasive aquatic plant Curlyleaf Pondweed. The study measured total nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in turions collected from treated and untreated areas of Duck Lake as well as untreated areas of West Jefferson Lake and Lake Ballantyne. Preliminary results suggest endothal may be effective at decreasing carbohydrate levels in Curlyleaf Pondweed turions. Further research is needed to better understand endothal's impact on turion viability and nutrient storage.
Brock Science Mentorship presentation ppt slides 2017Brock University
This document outlines the agenda for a Brock Science Mentorship Learning Commons and Library Orientation. The agenda includes filling out access forms, a library worksheet exercise, sharing time, exploring library databases and resources, a tour of the library and learning commons, and then participants will be released. It also includes summaries of presentations on utilizing pollen spores to investigate post-glacial Great Lakes' climates and on the effects of scholarly piracy on publishers, libraries, and users.
The document discusses the environment, ecosystems, biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste, food chains, producers and consumers in ecosystems, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and their impact on the ozone layer, and effects of ozone layer depletion. It provides definitions and examples for each topic.
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
Soil Enzyme Activity Indicates P Limitation in northern hardwood forestmelnhe
1) Soil enzyme activity can indicate nutrient limitations in forests. The ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus acquiring enzymes respond to changes in nutrient availability in a way that minimizes limitation.
2) The study examined soil enzyme activity ratios in northern hardwood forests under long-term nitrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen+phosphorus fertilization.
3) Results suggested phosphorus limitation based on a shift from phosphorus to nitrogen acquiring enzymes with phosphorus fertilization. Nitrogen limitation of carbon use was also suggested based on shifts with nitrogen fertilization.
The pelagic zone is the largest habitat on Earth, encompassing 330 million cubic miles of the open ocean. Within this zone, various species of pelagic fish and plankton are found throughout in numbers and distributions that vary depending on factors like light availability, nutrients, temperature, and pressure. The photic zone near the ocean's surface experiences a daily cycle of light and dark that is a powerful environmental signal, influencing diel vertical migrations of organisms seeking their optimum light intensity. Upwelling regions bring nutrients into surface waters, supporting highly productive marine ecosystems and fisheries. Plankton are primary producers and consumers that drift with ocean currents, and include phytoplankton like diatoms, dinoflagellates
A pond food web shows how plants and animals are interconnected through food. Producers like algae and plants get their energy through photosynthesis. Primary consumers like crustaceans and tadpoles eat producers. Secondary consumers such as small fish eat primary consumers. Top consumers like osprey and humans feed on secondary consumers or lower levels. Decomposers such as bacteria and fungi break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients. A pond contains shore, surface, open water, and bottom habitats that support different organisms.
The 5-day advanced elective module aimed to provide knowledge of environmental technologies and expose students to various laboratory analyses and technologies through lectures, presentations, experiments and outdoor activities. The schedule included visits to a eco-city project, a secondary school and polytechnic to learn about topics like membrane bioreactor technology, algae biofuel, waste management methods, and wastewater treatment processes. Students analyzed water quality, solid waste and participated in a nature trail to appreciate the local flora and fauna. The goal was for students to understand how environmental technologies address problems and be able to analyze and propose solutions to real-life environmental issues.
The 5-day advanced elective module aimed to provide knowledge of environmental technologies and expose students to various laboratory analyses and technologies through lectures, presentations, experiments and outdoor activities. The schedule included visits to eco-city projects, membrane bioreactor demonstrations, and waste and wastewater treatment methods. Students learned about managing solid waste, algae biofuel production, and wastewater treatment tests while appreciating the local nature at Admiralty Park.
Brock Science Mentorship presentation ppt slides 2017Brock University
This document outlines the agenda for a Brock Science Mentorship Learning Commons and Library Orientation. The agenda includes filling out access forms, a library worksheet exercise, sharing time, exploring library databases and resources, a tour of the library and learning commons, and then participants will be released. It also includes summaries of presentations on utilizing pollen spores to investigate post-glacial Great Lakes' climates and on the effects of scholarly piracy on publishers, libraries, and users.
The document discusses the environment, ecosystems, biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste, food chains, producers and consumers in ecosystems, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and their impact on the ozone layer, and effects of ozone layer depletion. It provides definitions and examples for each topic.
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
Soil Enzyme Activity Indicates P Limitation in northern hardwood forestmelnhe
1) Soil enzyme activity can indicate nutrient limitations in forests. The ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus acquiring enzymes respond to changes in nutrient availability in a way that minimizes limitation.
2) The study examined soil enzyme activity ratios in northern hardwood forests under long-term nitrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen+phosphorus fertilization.
3) Results suggested phosphorus limitation based on a shift from phosphorus to nitrogen acquiring enzymes with phosphorus fertilization. Nitrogen limitation of carbon use was also suggested based on shifts with nitrogen fertilization.
The pelagic zone is the largest habitat on Earth, encompassing 330 million cubic miles of the open ocean. Within this zone, various species of pelagic fish and plankton are found throughout in numbers and distributions that vary depending on factors like light availability, nutrients, temperature, and pressure. The photic zone near the ocean's surface experiences a daily cycle of light and dark that is a powerful environmental signal, influencing diel vertical migrations of organisms seeking their optimum light intensity. Upwelling regions bring nutrients into surface waters, supporting highly productive marine ecosystems and fisheries. Plankton are primary producers and consumers that drift with ocean currents, and include phytoplankton like diatoms, dinoflagellates
A pond food web shows how plants and animals are interconnected through food. Producers like algae and plants get their energy through photosynthesis. Primary consumers like crustaceans and tadpoles eat producers. Secondary consumers such as small fish eat primary consumers. Top consumers like osprey and humans feed on secondary consumers or lower levels. Decomposers such as bacteria and fungi break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients. A pond contains shore, surface, open water, and bottom habitats that support different organisms.
The 5-day advanced elective module aimed to provide knowledge of environmental technologies and expose students to various laboratory analyses and technologies through lectures, presentations, experiments and outdoor activities. The schedule included visits to a eco-city project, a secondary school and polytechnic to learn about topics like membrane bioreactor technology, algae biofuel, waste management methods, and wastewater treatment processes. Students analyzed water quality, solid waste and participated in a nature trail to appreciate the local flora and fauna. The goal was for students to understand how environmental technologies address problems and be able to analyze and propose solutions to real-life environmental issues.
The 5-day advanced elective module aimed to provide knowledge of environmental technologies and expose students to various laboratory analyses and technologies through lectures, presentations, experiments and outdoor activities. The schedule included visits to eco-city projects, membrane bioreactor demonstrations, and waste and wastewater treatment methods. Students learned about managing solid waste, algae biofuel production, and wastewater treatment tests while appreciating the local nature at Admiralty Park.
This power Point provides the basic topics needed to be covered in gaining basic understanding of organism relationship and interaction with their environment
This document provides an overview of different types of aquatic ecosystems: marine, freshwater, and estuarine. It describes the key components of each ecosystem, including biotic factors like primary producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as abiotic factors like water, sunlight, and minerals. Aquatic ecosystems are important as they recycle nutrients, purify water, provide wildlife habitat, and are used for human recreation and tourism. Stress on aquatic ecosystems can result from physical, chemical, or biological changes to the environment.
This document is a student thesis that examines how leaf litter from different tree species decomposes in streams surrounded by different types of buffer zones. The student conducted an experiment placing leaf litter from willow, rowan, and birch in streams with scrub, grass, no buffer, or moorland buffer zones. Results after one week showed willow decomposed significantly more than rowan and birch, but after nine weeks birch decomposed significantly less than rowan and willow. At week one, leaf litter in fine mesh bags decomposed more in streams surrounded by moorland, but no differences were detected after nine weeks. At week nine, leaf litter in coarse mesh bags decomposed less in streams without buffers and more
Plants are a major group of living things that includes trees, flowers, herbs, ferns and mosses. Through photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to produce their own food in the form of sugars. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of leaves and uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. Some plants have adapted to grow in nutrient-poor soil by obtaining nutrients from trapping and consuming small animals, making them carnivorous plants. True carnivorous plants evolved independently at least nine times and include over 583 species across a dozen genera.
The document discusses key concepts related to ecosystems, including:
- Ecosystems are functional units where living organisms interact with each other and the physical environment. They can be artificial or natural.
- Energy flows through ecosystems via food chains and is lost at each trophic level, while nutrients cycle through ecosystems via decomposition.
- Ecosystems provide important services like carbon storage, water purification, soil formation, and cultural/aesthetic values.
This individual grew up in Guanica, Puerto Rico near the Guanica Dry Forest biosphere reserve. They obtained a B.S. in Environmental Technology with a minor in Biology from the University of Puerto Rico and has since worked on several conservation projects in Puerto Rico and Florida, including rescuing the endangered Puerto Rican crested toad and mapping biodiversity. They currently work with the University of Florida on citizen science water quality and bird monitoring programs.
This document provides an overview of the microbial loop in marine ecosystems. It discusses how bacteria consume dissolved organic matter released by phytoplankton and protozoans. These bacteria are then consumed by protozoans like flagellates and ciliates, recycling nutrients and carbon back into the food web. Approximately 60% of energy in marine food chains is estimated to pass through this microbial loop. The loop links dissolved organic matter to microbes and micrograzers, and is crucial to ecosystem function by transferring carbon and nutrients between trophic levels.
The Marine Board provides a pan-European platform
for its member organisations to develop common priorities,
to advance marine research, and to bridge the
gap between science and policy in order to meet future
marine science challenges and opportunities.
The Marine Board was established in 1995 to facilitate
enhanced cooperation between European marine science
organisations (both research institutes and research
funding agencies) towards the development of a common
vision on the research priorities and strategies for
marine science in Europe. In 2012, the Marine Board
represents 34 Member Organisations from 20 countries.
The marine Board provides the essential components for
transferring knowledge for leadership in marine research
in Europe. Adopting a strategic role, the Marine Board
serves its member organisations by providing a forum
within which marine research policy advice to national
agencies and to the European Commission is developed,
with the objective of promoting the establishment of the
European Marine Research Area.
This document discusses using aquatic macroinvertebrates to monitor water quality. It outlines how macroinvertebrates can indicate the health of bodies of water, explains how they are classified by their tolerance to pollution, and describes how to sample, sort, identify, and calculate a Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity score. The sampling process involves collecting macroinvertebrates from different habitats using nets and grab samplers, preserving the samples, sorting and identifying the organisms, and calculating the score to assess the water quality and detect problems.
A pond ecosystem includes all living organisms (biotic factors) like phytoplankton, zooplankton, larger invertebrates, fish, frogs, and turtles interacting with each other and their non-living (abiotic) environment of humus, oxygen, light, heat and minerals. Phytoplankton are primary producers at the bottom of the food chain, while zooplankton and larger invertebrates act as primary and secondary consumers, and vertebrates like fish and frogs are tertiary consumers. Together these biotic and abiotic components make up the balanced aquatic pond ecosystem.
This document provides an overview of various aquatic ecosystems. It begins by defining key terms like environment, ecology, ecosystem, and biotic and abiotic components. It then describes different types of freshwater ecosystems like ponds, lakes, streams, rivers, and wetlands. Next it covers marine ecosystems like estuaries, mangrove swamps, salt marshes, rocky shores, and oceans. Within oceans it distinguishes zones like intertidal, pelagic, abyssal, and benthic and the organisms found in each. The document concludes by outlining ecosystem goods and services provided by aquatic environments.
Functions of Carbon, Hydrogen and OxygenKrishna Aryal
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are the three most abundant elements in plants, comprising 95% of their dry weight. They are key components of organic compounds and provide structure to plants. Carbon and hydrogen are absorbed from air and water, while oxygen is partly taken from air and water. Nitrogen is also important, typically comprising 1-5% of dry weight in plants. Nitrogen can be taken up by plants as nitrate or ammonium ions and is required for photosynthesis, growth, and metabolism. The document discusses the various forms and sources of nitrogen in soil as well as gains and losses of nitrogen in soil systems.
Pond ecosystems consist of biotic and abiotic components that interact to support a balanced environment. Biotic components include producers like plants, primary consumers such as insects, and decomposers such as bacteria. Abiotic factors include water, sunlight, nutrients, and temperature. Organisms in a pond ecosystem are interconnected through food chains and webs, with plants providing energy through photosynthesis to primary consumers, and decomposers recycling nutrients. Ponds provide important freshwater habitat, help filter pollutants, and add scenic value to the landscape.
Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal and Metalloid: Potentials for Mangrove Ecosys...CIFOR-ICRAF
This document summarizes the potential for mangrove ecosystems to remediate heavy metals and metalloids through phytoremediation. Mangroves and their sediments naturally absorb heavy metals and metalloids from sources like mining and industrial waste. Some mangrove plant species are able to uptake and accumulate high concentrations of metals and metalloids in their tissues through various phytoremediation processes. The document proposes a study to examine heavy metal uptake and distribution in mangrove plants and sediments, identify tolerant and accumulator species, and explore improving phytoremediation rates and plant performance for remediating heavy metal pollution in mangrove ecosystems.
1) The document describes an experiment that tested whether the age of sumac communities, as indicated by their area and the height of the tallest sumac, affects the species richness of understory vegetation.
2) Twenty sumac communities ranging in age were selected and the species richness of understory vegetation within each community was measured using 0.25m2 quadrats placed at the centroid.
3) Linear regression analysis found no statistically significant relationship between the sumac community's area or height and the understory species richness, with p-values above 0.05. This suggests sumac community age did not impact understory species richness in this experiment.
- The narrator is traveling with her mother and brother in a boxcar on a train of unknown destination. She is writing a letter to her father describing their uncertain journey.
- She recalls fond memories of playing with her father, and expresses fear of the unknown future without him. She provides vivid descriptions of the changing landscapes outside the train window.
- Throughout the letter, the narrator clings to memories and symbols of her father - a blue scarf he gave her, playing catch together - as she, her mother, and brother face an uncertain fate ahead in their crowded, uncomfortable travel by boxcar.
1) The document discusses succession in plant communities from grass to shrub to forest over time. It describes an experiment to test if Sumac community age affects understory plant species richness.
2) The hypothesis is that species richness will initially increase with Sumac community age as more species colonize, peak at intermediate ages, and then decline as slower-growing species displace early colonizers.
3) Twenty Sumac communities along an age gradient were selected based on height and area. Species richness was measured using quadrats placed at the centroid of each community to best represent community age.
The document is a missionary update from Alison Wanner of FOCUS. It provides prayer requests and details Alison's transition to becoming the Team Director for the University of Mary in North Dakota. It discusses her current training, upcoming wedding attendance and preparation for her new team arriving in August. It thanks supporters and provides details on how to support Alison's missionary work financially.
Honors Japanese American Internment Camp Research PresentationerikaLane14
The document discusses the soils used by Japanese immigrants and their children in the western United States prior to and during the Japanese American internment during World War II. It provides background information on the alien land laws that discriminated against Japanese farmers and shows images of farming activities. It also examines the criteria the War Relocation Authority used to select sites for the internment camps, including good soil, available water, and suitable climate. Tables and images show the physical geography and agriculture of the camps.
The engrailed gene is a segment polarity gene in Drosophila melanogaster that plays several important roles during development. It defines the posterior region of each embryonic parasegment, establishing anterior-posterior polarity. The engrailed gene also helps pattern the brain by defining borders between regions and guiding neuronal axon growth. Comparisons of engrailed DNA and protein sequences across species show it is conserved and related genes can be found in vertebrates as well.
Japanese American Internment Camp Soils Research PapererikaLane14
The document discusses soil usage by Japanese immigrants and their descendants before and during the Japanese American internment camps of World War II. It notes that many Japanese immigrants had success as farmers in California in the early 1900s, cultivating lands that white farmers did not want. However, they faced discrimination and the 1913 California Alien Land Law, which hindered their ability to own land. After the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, over 120,000 Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated to internment camps. The camps were often located on marginal desert lands with alkaline and saline soils. Despite this, Japanese internees established agricultural programs to cultivate the difficult soils, drawing on their agricultural experience and skills. The document examines in depth the soil conditions at
This power Point provides the basic topics needed to be covered in gaining basic understanding of organism relationship and interaction with their environment
This document provides an overview of different types of aquatic ecosystems: marine, freshwater, and estuarine. It describes the key components of each ecosystem, including biotic factors like primary producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as abiotic factors like water, sunlight, and minerals. Aquatic ecosystems are important as they recycle nutrients, purify water, provide wildlife habitat, and are used for human recreation and tourism. Stress on aquatic ecosystems can result from physical, chemical, or biological changes to the environment.
This document is a student thesis that examines how leaf litter from different tree species decomposes in streams surrounded by different types of buffer zones. The student conducted an experiment placing leaf litter from willow, rowan, and birch in streams with scrub, grass, no buffer, or moorland buffer zones. Results after one week showed willow decomposed significantly more than rowan and birch, but after nine weeks birch decomposed significantly less than rowan and willow. At week one, leaf litter in fine mesh bags decomposed more in streams surrounded by moorland, but no differences were detected after nine weeks. At week nine, leaf litter in coarse mesh bags decomposed less in streams without buffers and more
Plants are a major group of living things that includes trees, flowers, herbs, ferns and mosses. Through photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to produce their own food in the form of sugars. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of leaves and uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. Some plants have adapted to grow in nutrient-poor soil by obtaining nutrients from trapping and consuming small animals, making them carnivorous plants. True carnivorous plants evolved independently at least nine times and include over 583 species across a dozen genera.
The document discusses key concepts related to ecosystems, including:
- Ecosystems are functional units where living organisms interact with each other and the physical environment. They can be artificial or natural.
- Energy flows through ecosystems via food chains and is lost at each trophic level, while nutrients cycle through ecosystems via decomposition.
- Ecosystems provide important services like carbon storage, water purification, soil formation, and cultural/aesthetic values.
This individual grew up in Guanica, Puerto Rico near the Guanica Dry Forest biosphere reserve. They obtained a B.S. in Environmental Technology with a minor in Biology from the University of Puerto Rico and has since worked on several conservation projects in Puerto Rico and Florida, including rescuing the endangered Puerto Rican crested toad and mapping biodiversity. They currently work with the University of Florida on citizen science water quality and bird monitoring programs.
This document provides an overview of the microbial loop in marine ecosystems. It discusses how bacteria consume dissolved organic matter released by phytoplankton and protozoans. These bacteria are then consumed by protozoans like flagellates and ciliates, recycling nutrients and carbon back into the food web. Approximately 60% of energy in marine food chains is estimated to pass through this microbial loop. The loop links dissolved organic matter to microbes and micrograzers, and is crucial to ecosystem function by transferring carbon and nutrients between trophic levels.
The Marine Board provides a pan-European platform
for its member organisations to develop common priorities,
to advance marine research, and to bridge the
gap between science and policy in order to meet future
marine science challenges and opportunities.
The Marine Board was established in 1995 to facilitate
enhanced cooperation between European marine science
organisations (both research institutes and research
funding agencies) towards the development of a common
vision on the research priorities and strategies for
marine science in Europe. In 2012, the Marine Board
represents 34 Member Organisations from 20 countries.
The marine Board provides the essential components for
transferring knowledge for leadership in marine research
in Europe. Adopting a strategic role, the Marine Board
serves its member organisations by providing a forum
within which marine research policy advice to national
agencies and to the European Commission is developed,
with the objective of promoting the establishment of the
European Marine Research Area.
This document discusses using aquatic macroinvertebrates to monitor water quality. It outlines how macroinvertebrates can indicate the health of bodies of water, explains how they are classified by their tolerance to pollution, and describes how to sample, sort, identify, and calculate a Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity score. The sampling process involves collecting macroinvertebrates from different habitats using nets and grab samplers, preserving the samples, sorting and identifying the organisms, and calculating the score to assess the water quality and detect problems.
A pond ecosystem includes all living organisms (biotic factors) like phytoplankton, zooplankton, larger invertebrates, fish, frogs, and turtles interacting with each other and their non-living (abiotic) environment of humus, oxygen, light, heat and minerals. Phytoplankton are primary producers at the bottom of the food chain, while zooplankton and larger invertebrates act as primary and secondary consumers, and vertebrates like fish and frogs are tertiary consumers. Together these biotic and abiotic components make up the balanced aquatic pond ecosystem.
This document provides an overview of various aquatic ecosystems. It begins by defining key terms like environment, ecology, ecosystem, and biotic and abiotic components. It then describes different types of freshwater ecosystems like ponds, lakes, streams, rivers, and wetlands. Next it covers marine ecosystems like estuaries, mangrove swamps, salt marshes, rocky shores, and oceans. Within oceans it distinguishes zones like intertidal, pelagic, abyssal, and benthic and the organisms found in each. The document concludes by outlining ecosystem goods and services provided by aquatic environments.
Functions of Carbon, Hydrogen and OxygenKrishna Aryal
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are the three most abundant elements in plants, comprising 95% of their dry weight. They are key components of organic compounds and provide structure to plants. Carbon and hydrogen are absorbed from air and water, while oxygen is partly taken from air and water. Nitrogen is also important, typically comprising 1-5% of dry weight in plants. Nitrogen can be taken up by plants as nitrate or ammonium ions and is required for photosynthesis, growth, and metabolism. The document discusses the various forms and sources of nitrogen in soil as well as gains and losses of nitrogen in soil systems.
Pond ecosystems consist of biotic and abiotic components that interact to support a balanced environment. Biotic components include producers like plants, primary consumers such as insects, and decomposers such as bacteria. Abiotic factors include water, sunlight, nutrients, and temperature. Organisms in a pond ecosystem are interconnected through food chains and webs, with plants providing energy through photosynthesis to primary consumers, and decomposers recycling nutrients. Ponds provide important freshwater habitat, help filter pollutants, and add scenic value to the landscape.
Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal and Metalloid: Potentials for Mangrove Ecosys...CIFOR-ICRAF
This document summarizes the potential for mangrove ecosystems to remediate heavy metals and metalloids through phytoremediation. Mangroves and their sediments naturally absorb heavy metals and metalloids from sources like mining and industrial waste. Some mangrove plant species are able to uptake and accumulate high concentrations of metals and metalloids in their tissues through various phytoremediation processes. The document proposes a study to examine heavy metal uptake and distribution in mangrove plants and sediments, identify tolerant and accumulator species, and explore improving phytoremediation rates and plant performance for remediating heavy metal pollution in mangrove ecosystems.
1) The document describes an experiment that tested whether the age of sumac communities, as indicated by their area and the height of the tallest sumac, affects the species richness of understory vegetation.
2) Twenty sumac communities ranging in age were selected and the species richness of understory vegetation within each community was measured using 0.25m2 quadrats placed at the centroid.
3) Linear regression analysis found no statistically significant relationship between the sumac community's area or height and the understory species richness, with p-values above 0.05. This suggests sumac community age did not impact understory species richness in this experiment.
- The narrator is traveling with her mother and brother in a boxcar on a train of unknown destination. She is writing a letter to her father describing their uncertain journey.
- She recalls fond memories of playing with her father, and expresses fear of the unknown future without him. She provides vivid descriptions of the changing landscapes outside the train window.
- Throughout the letter, the narrator clings to memories and symbols of her father - a blue scarf he gave her, playing catch together - as she, her mother, and brother face an uncertain fate ahead in their crowded, uncomfortable travel by boxcar.
1) The document discusses succession in plant communities from grass to shrub to forest over time. It describes an experiment to test if Sumac community age affects understory plant species richness.
2) The hypothesis is that species richness will initially increase with Sumac community age as more species colonize, peak at intermediate ages, and then decline as slower-growing species displace early colonizers.
3) Twenty Sumac communities along an age gradient were selected based on height and area. Species richness was measured using quadrats placed at the centroid of each community to best represent community age.
The document is a missionary update from Alison Wanner of FOCUS. It provides prayer requests and details Alison's transition to becoming the Team Director for the University of Mary in North Dakota. It discusses her current training, upcoming wedding attendance and preparation for her new team arriving in August. It thanks supporters and provides details on how to support Alison's missionary work financially.
Honors Japanese American Internment Camp Research PresentationerikaLane14
The document discusses the soils used by Japanese immigrants and their children in the western United States prior to and during the Japanese American internment during World War II. It provides background information on the alien land laws that discriminated against Japanese farmers and shows images of farming activities. It also examines the criteria the War Relocation Authority used to select sites for the internment camps, including good soil, available water, and suitable climate. Tables and images show the physical geography and agriculture of the camps.
The engrailed gene is a segment polarity gene in Drosophila melanogaster that plays several important roles during development. It defines the posterior region of each embryonic parasegment, establishing anterior-posterior polarity. The engrailed gene also helps pattern the brain by defining borders between regions and guiding neuronal axon growth. Comparisons of engrailed DNA and protein sequences across species show it is conserved and related genes can be found in vertebrates as well.
Japanese American Internment Camp Soils Research PapererikaLane14
The document discusses soil usage by Japanese immigrants and their descendants before and during the Japanese American internment camps of World War II. It notes that many Japanese immigrants had success as farmers in California in the early 1900s, cultivating lands that white farmers did not want. However, they faced discrimination and the 1913 California Alien Land Law, which hindered their ability to own land. After the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, over 120,000 Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated to internment camps. The camps were often located on marginal desert lands with alkaline and saline soils. Despite this, Japanese internees established agricultural programs to cultivate the difficult soils, drawing on their agricultural experience and skills. The document examines in depth the soil conditions at
Erika Magnusson is a senior plant science major assisting with a research project on the invasive aquatic plant curlyleaf pondweed. The research aims to determine how the herbicide Aquathol-K affects the plant's carbohydrate allocation patterns and diversity of flora and fauna in lakes. Erika will help measure carbohydrates in herbicide-treated and non-treated curlyleaf pondweed turions using a colorimetric method. The results could provide knowledge on how the herbicide affects turion sustainability and native vegetation, informing the DNR's management strategies. Funding is requested to purchase enzymes needed to complete the carbohydrate analysis.
Biodiversity conservation strategies in Sri Lanka LakminiArosha
The document discusses strategies for biodiversity conservation in Sri Lanka. It defines biodiversity and its importance. There are two main types of conservation: in situ and ex situ. In situ conservation involves protecting ecosystems and habitats in their natural surroundings, including national parks and sanctuaries. Ex situ involves conservation outside natural habitats, such as zoos, captive breeding programs, gene banks, and botanical gardens. The document emphasizes the importance of both in situ and ex situ strategies and institutional support for effective biodiversity conservation in Sri Lanka.
Animal Distribution in PakistanCourse19-Ecology-BSES_2k21_07- (6 May 2023).pptxArbaz57
Pakistan is home to diverse wildlife, including the markhor national animal. The most dangerous animal is the king cobra snake. Rare animals include the Asian black bear and Balochistan black bear. The largest animal is the Indus River dolphin, which is threatened by pollution, fishing bycatch, and habitat loss. Major threats to all wildlife include climate change, global warming, plastic waste, hunting, and habitat destruction from factors like urban development. Conservation efforts aim to protect habitats, reduce threats like pollution and overfishing, and educate the public.
August, Bourque et al 2016-UConn Frontiers Poster_FINAL (1)Jessica August
This study compared the blubber fatty acid profiles of captive killer whales fed a fish diet to wild killer whales in Greenland waters that were observed to sometimes feed on marine mammals. Fatty acid signatures differed between the groups, with higher levels of 14:1n5 and 16:1n7 in wild whales and more 22:6n3 in captive whales, consistent with marine mammal consumption. Fatty acid proportions also varied within individuals by blubber depth and more among wild whales, suggesting different diets over time compared to the consistent captive diet. The results demonstrate the value of fatty acids for assessing predator diets and the need to account for blubber depth when using this technique.
Biodiversity Conservation (In Situ and Ex situ conservationmarygraceaque1
This document discusses biodiversity conservation and the current sixth mass extinction. It explains the impacts of humans on biological diversity and compares the current extinction rates to past mass extinctions. The document outlines ex situ conservation methods like zoos and gene banks that protect species outside their natural habitats, as well as in situ conservation like nature reserves that protect on-site habitats. Key criteria for prioritizing limited conservation resources include extinction risk, biodiversity levels, endemism, ecological importance, and likelihood of successful intervention.
Effects of Vegetative Zones on the Nutritional Composition of Vernonia Amygda...AI Publications
The study was carried out to determine the effects of vegetative zones (location) on the nutritional compositions of Vernonia amygdalina leaves in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Across locations (in each vegetative zones), A total land area of 9 m x 18 m was acquired and soil samples were randomly collected to determine the physical and chemical composition of the soils. The growth of Vernonia amygdalina (stem) with a spacing of 1 m x 1 m between rows was determined. Harvested fresh leaves of the plant were analyzed for nutritional composition using standard methods. Nutritional and mineral compositions were observed at different proportions in the leaves of the investigated plant. Higher proximate composition in the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina was also recorded in terms of Moisture (Efon; 11.34%) and protein (Ikere; 22.46 %,) in the rainforest. However, higher Fat (Otun; 4.58 %), Crude fiber (Omuo; 16.08 %), Ash (Omuo; 14.69%) and Carbohydrate (Otun; 38.68 %) was found in Vernonia amygdalina grown in the Derived Savannah area. Similarly, the Mineral element compositions in the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina were found to be higher in plant from the rainforest area than the derived savannah area of Ekiti State except sodium and iron, which were higher in Vernonia amygdalina grown in the Derived Savannah area. However, the significant differences recorded between the nutritional components on the studied medicinal plant reveals the potentiality of the influence of soil factor and different climatic conditions of the study areas.
Acute and sub acute toxicological evaluation of ethanolic leaves extract of p...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the acute and sub-acute toxicity of ethanolic leaf extracts of Prosopis juliflora in rats. In the acute toxicity tests, rats were orally administered single doses of the leaf extract at 175, 550, 1750, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight and observed for clinical signs over 24 hours. Toxicity symptoms were moderately observed. In sub-acute toxicity tests, rats received oral doses of 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg body weight daily for 28 days and were observed for changes in body weight and clinical signs. The study aimed to determine the safety of P. juliflora extracts for developing herbal remedies from its bio
MB 3200
201 9
Marine
Conservation
Biology
1
MB3200
Marine Conservation Biology
Marine Biology and Aquaculture,
Australia’s endangered handfish
College of Science and Engineering,
James Cook University
2019 Subject Manual
2
SUBJECT CO-ORDINATOR
Geoff Jones (142-225)
Consulting hours: Thursday 9:30am – 2:00pm
Email: [email protected]
LECTURER, ENQUIRIES & WEB MANAGER
Prof. Jeff OBBARD
Email: [email protected]
CONTRIBUTING LECTURERS
Dr Lisa Bostrom-Einarsson (JCU)
Dr Andrew Chin (JCU)
Dr Philip Munday (JCU)
Professor Garry Russ (JCU)
Dr Hugh Sweatman (AIMS)
Dr Lynne van Herwerden (JCU)
Dr David Williamson (JCU)
3
CONTENTS
1. ABOUT THIS SUBJECT ............................................................................................................ 4
2. CLASS ORGANIZATION AND TIMETABLE ........................................................................... 10
3. LECTURE TOPICS AND RECOMMENDED READING …………….. ....................................... 0
4. THREATENED MARINE SPECIES: STATUS REPORTS ………….… ..................................... 9
5. TUTORIALS ……………..….………………………………………..……... 28
6. EXAMINATION INFORMATION AND STUDY QUESTIONS ………….. 63
4
1. ABOUT THIS SUBJECT
Marine Conservation Biology is a 3rd year BSc subject intended for students majoring in the fields
of marine biology, ecology, conservation biology or environmental impact assessment. It runs in
the second semester (July-November) and consists of 25 lectures and 12 tutorials that are a mix of
practical exercises, debates, discussions and presentations. Attendance at all tutorials is
compulsory and attendance at all lectures is highly recommended. To enter this subject you
should have completed Marine Biology to second year level. There are no inadmissible subject
combinations.
1.1 WHY MARINE CONSERVATION BIOLOGY?
So you have chosen to do Marine Conservation Biology! Congratulations on your wise choice.
There is an urgent need to focus science and research on conservation issues in the marine
environment. Many marine ecosystems are on the verge of collapse, many habitats have been
decimated and many believe we are on the threshold of a human-induced mass extinction event.
The mission of this subject is to develop scientific skills and enhance employment prospects to
confront the biodiversity crisis in the marine environment.
Conservation biology is the application of scientific methodology to the conservation of biological
diversity. It is an ecological science that targets the causes and seeks remedies to the disastrous
global decline in biodiversity that we have already seen on land and are beginning to see in our
harbours and oceans. Marine conservation biology is a relatively new and rapidly changing
discipline in marine biology. New concepts are devel.
Presentation by Dr. Jonathan J. Cole, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
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Assessment of nutritive values of some waterweedsAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the nutritive values and phytochemical constituents of 10 common waterweeds in Nigeria. The study found that the waterweeds contained 13.67-32.67% crude protein, 4-26% crude fiber, and 7.33-26% ash. The waterweeds also had adequate levels of other nutrients. Though high in moisture, the waterweeds could provide a source of nutrients, especially protein, for livestock during dry seasons. Qualitative analysis found that most waterweeds contained steroids, while four contained saponins and some contained phenols or tannins. Nymphaea lotus was found to have the lowest levels of anti-
The scientific study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms and how the distribution and abundance are affected by interactions between the organisms and their environment.
The summary provides an overview of the Cree's Foundation research program at the Manu Learning Center (MLC) in Peru. It discusses the goals of studying biodiversity in Peru and the Amazon to understand threats and gaps, the unique location and research projects at MLC, how the data contributes to conservation, and how volunteer help is important for Cree's work.
The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies and natural resources Maitry Agrawal
The document discusses the multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies and natural resources. It notes that environmental studies draw from many fields like biology, geology, chemistry, physics, engineering, sociology and more. It also outlines the scope of environmental studies, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. Additionally, it discusses the importance of environmental studies, types of natural resources, the roles of individuals and governments in conservation, and achieving a more sustainable lifestyle through more equitable use of resources.
This document summarizes the current state of knowledge around microplastics and their trophic transfer in aquatic ecosystems. It outlines background information on microplastics and their sources. It then reviews several case studies that demonstrate trophic transfer of microplastics between invertebrates, fish, and top predators like seals. The studies found microplastics accumulate at higher trophic levels. The document concludes by identifying key knowledge gaps and recommending future research focus on effects of microplastics on human health and standardizing detection methods, while promoting efforts to reduce plastic use.
Special lecture on medicinal plants 14-3-18 at egra college-prof.amal kumar m...Amal Kumar Mondal
This document discusses conservation and management of medicinal plants in India, with a focus on South West Bengal. It notes that over 6000 plant species are used in Indian medical systems, but many are becoming endangered due to overharvesting and climate change impacts. Strategies discussed to address this include in situ conservation reserves, monitoring of at-risk species, controlling invasive species, and developing community-supported harvesting protocols. It also discusses using DNA barcoding to properly identify medicinal plant species and authenticate raw drugs, as wild populations of many species are declining rapidly.
Conservation of lichen- Swapnil & Saurabh.pptxSwapnil Anand
This document summarizes information about lichens, including their characteristics, habitats, threats, and conservation strategies. It describes lichens as a composite organism consisting of algae and/or cyanobacteria in symbiosis with fungi. It outlines the main growth forms of lichens and notes that they can grow in a wide variety of habitats, including trees, rocks, soil and buildings. It discusses threats like air pollution, fire, tourism and agriculture. It proposes conservation strategies such as in vitro techniques, botanical gardens, prioritizing biodiversity-rich areas, and awareness campaigns.
Ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment. Ecologists study these relationships across different scales, from microbes to entire ecosystems. Ecological knowledge provides information to understand our world, improve the environment, manage resources, and protect human health. It has led to solutions for issues like pollution, invasive species, public health problems, sustainable forestry and agriculture, fisheries management, and endangered species protection.
General Botany Group four presentation.
This presentation focus on so many biological related topics. It primarily focus on conservation of life in any biodiversity.
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The document summarizes Jeffrey Nestrud's experience on a 10-day study tour of Germany as part of an Honors Program course. Some of the key experiences discussed include visiting historical sites like the Berlin Wall, the Jewish Museum in Berlin, Nazi rally grounds in Nuremberg, and Dachau concentration camp. Nestrud found the tour to be incredibly meaningful and life-changing, providing an unparalleled learning environment. He encourages other Honors students to consider studying abroad.
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Undergraduate Research Symposium Curlyleaf Pondweed PowerPoint
1. Carbohydrate Allocation Patterns in Southern
Minnesota
Herbicide (endothal) treated Curlyleaf
Pondweed
(Potomogeton crispus)
Populations
Erika Magnusson, Zach Gutknecht
and Dr. Christopher Ruhland, PhD
Biology Department
Minnesota State University, Mankato
2.
3. PlantWise et al 2013Frank Koshere et al. nd.
•Curlyleaf pondweed is the most widely-dispersed nuisance-forming
non-native submersed aquatic plant in the state of Minnesota.
•Native to Europe and Asia, curlyleaf pondweed is now thoroughly
naturalized in North America.
4. P. crispus Turion Biology
• Ridged organs that provide:
– Protection against frost
– Store carbohydrates used for germination
– Can photosynthesize
Peterson, M. et al 2003Crow Wing Lakes Association et al. 2010
7. • Ideal time to initiate management and control efforts
• Carbohydrate Low Points
• Carbohydrate utilization from storage exceeds
carbohydrate production
Plant Life Cycle Vulnerable Periods
8. My research is attempting to assess if endothall
can effectively control P. crispus turions by
decreasing carbohydrate concentrations.
Purpose of Study
9. 1. To analyze the effect of endothal on turion
viability by measuring turion Total Nonstructural
Carbohydrate concentrations (g/ m^2)
1. Analyze the difference:
• Between treated and untreated areas within
Duck Lake and untreated areas of West
Jefferson Lake, and Lake Ballantyne
Goals of This Study
11. “Colorimetric Methods for Determination of Sugars”
previously cited by Michel Dubois, K.A. Gilles, J.K.
Hamilton, P.A. Rebers and Fred Smith (1955).
• West Jefferson
• Duck Lake treated
• Duck Lake untreated
• Lake Ballantyne
Procedure
12. Method Procedure
1. Extraction: Ethanol (EtOH) method
2. Starch Digestion: a amlyase- amyloglucosidase
method
3. Sugar analysis with a peroxidase-glucose
oxidase/odianisidine reagent (PGO)
• One-way Anova and the Post-Hoc is a Dunn’s method
15. Conclusions
• It is possible that endothal is affective at decreasing Curlyleaf
Pondweed turion TNC
• Future Research: Endothal affect on Curlyleaf Pondweed turion
itself and not just the plant portion.
– Noticed that turions collected had less ridigity (were softer) in Duck
Lake treated areas than DU, WJ and BL
– Does endothal prevent nutrient sources from forming in Turions?
16. Bibliography
• Crow Wing Lakes Association. (2010, April 29). Curly Leaf Pondweed. In The
Website of the 10th and 11th Crow Wing Lakes Association. Retrieved April
14, 2013, from crowwing11.org
• Koshere, F. (Photographer). Potamogeton crispus curly pondweed growing in
Bone Lake, Wisconsin. [Image of photograph]. Retrieved April 14, 2013, from
http://bioweb.uwlax.edu
• Peterson, M. (2003, May). Mature turions (seeds) that washed to shore. In
Curly Leaf Identification. Retrieved April 14, 2013, from
http://www.lakeorono.org/CurlyleafID.pdf
• Wolf, T. E., & Madsen, J. D. (2003). Seasonal biomass and carbohydrate
allocation patterns in Southern Minnesota curlyleaf pondweed populations. J.
Aquat. Plant Manage, 41, 113-118.
• (2013). Europe; CABI. Retrieved April 14, 2013, from
http://www.plantwise.org/
Curlyleaf pondweed forms thick monospecific beds. The dense growth out-competes native aquatic vegetation, degrades lake water quality, and causes problems to navigation and recreation Significant time and resources are dedicated every year to the management of curlyleaf pondweed in the Midwest. Problem: management efforts are often applied without taking into account the plant ’s biology and ecology= inefficient or ineffective control.
So going to understand a bit biology! … need to understand the primary energy structure of Curlyleaf Pondweed. The primary structure for energy storage is the turion.--- a vegetative propagule that is its main reproductive means The majority of a turion is comprised of carbohydrates used for germination While the outer casing is designed for protection while in dormancy Turion itself can photosynthesize. Factor ’s of Turion invasiveness… easily dispersed by water currents Turions have a very high germination rate Turions remain viable in sediment for a number of years On top of their main means of reproduction… turions Curlyleaf Pondweed can colonize in deep and shallow water Its strong rhizome anchoring system allows it to grow in a variety of different locales and sediment types Plant can tolerate extreme conditions Extreme conditions: low light and cold temperatures Found growing under 20 inches of snow covered ice Plants will grown from rhizomes of past plants
Understand that The major advantage for P. crispus is its life cycle that produces carbohydrate storage organs known as turions, assisting growth during the winter months Turions sprout as a response to both light and temperature conditions. Germination : Innate dormancy in summer and growth is blocked Dormancy is broken by short days and low temperatures Turions remain dormant in the sediment through summer until cooling water temp triggers germination in the fall Start growing under ice…Sprouted turions can remain dormant under the ice accelerated growth continues with the onset of early spring, when light and temperature conditions are best suitable for growth. By late spring in Minnesota, culrlyleaf is at its maximum phase of growth By mid summer, the warm water conditions cause Curlyleaf to senesce or age, dropping turions to the substrate while the rest of the plant rots. The release of nutrients by senescing Curlyleaf can cause problems with water quality (such as depletion of O2), and may further hinder native macrophyte growth Curlyleaf out competes native Minnesota plants primarily because of its early season maturation ---its at its peak growth when most plants start growing So it is not that P. Crispus produces turions… other plants do that ,,, it is the lifecycle that makes it unique : It is that the turions are a bonus to CPondweed lifecycle
GRAPH B Turion sprouting in and plant growth occurred in mid September 2001 and mid October 2002, followed by little or no growth during ice-covered conditions. Growth resumed in early spring – generally speaking--- peak growth mid May and June. Peak biomass occurred at or near the time of peak turion production and plant senescence and summer dormancy soon followed.
Where to start? At most vulnerable point! this point the plant is the least capable of recovering from stress or disturbance, indicating the point where the success of management efforts will be maximized. Previous studies have shown… In other words… Low points of carbohydrate storage or the seasonal minimum of stored carbohydrates indicate potentially vulnerable periods in the plant ’s life cycle =and may be the ideal time to initiate man- agement and control efforts. Exploiting these low points can lead to improved control of the target species (Madsen 1993a).
2 goals… how herbicides affecting turion viability… Difference between treated and untreated
Turions were randomly collected from Duck Lake and two other non-treated lakes (Ballantyne Lake and West Jefferson)
Plant samples were analyzed for total nonstructural carbo- hydrates (TNC) in herbicide/non-herbicide treated Potomogeton crispus turions using a procedure called “Colorimetric Methods for Determination of Sugars” previously cited by Michel Dubois, K.A. Gilles, J.K. Hamilton, P.A. Rebers and Fred Smith (1955). The dried biomass of turion samplings were separated in to four separate entites Turions from West Jefferson Duck lake treated Duck lake untreated Lake ballentyne
The procedure involves extracting sugars using 80% EtOH from weighted Potomogeton crispus turions, Each of the turions ground and weighed at 25 mg Starch Digestion: hydrolyzing starch to glucose Digestive enzyme mixture a-amlylase + amyloglucosidase) Sugar analysis: measuring glucose hydrolysate (allocated carbohydrate) of each Potomogeton crispus turion. Samples were analyzed using spec at wavelength 450nm. Percent TNC dry weight and standard error were calculated for each plant component. Data combined for each turion sample batch (WJ, BL, DL_U, DL_T). Total TNC storage (g m -2 ) was calculated for turions TNC Data analysis. One- way Anova= Take all samples and tell us if there is a difference or not. Post hoc is going tell us which one is different…and on Sigma Plot..post Hoc is a Dunn ’s method explanation
Explain X and Y axis’ --- GRAPH 333… took from different areas. WJ, BL, DL and then within DL… Untreated and treated areas. Compared all of them based on their average grams of Turion Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates/ m2. What do we see? DT areas are significantly different from areas in two control lakes: WJ and BL, AND other untreated areas within Duck Lake itself. DT turions have significantly less turion TNC … .This tells us that herbicide (endothal) is having some affect on turions in DT area. In DT areas there is a significant decrease in the turions ability to conserve energy for growth. Conseq. treatments of endothall has not allowed new sprouts from existing turions to survive or new turions doesn’t allow new turions to start growing Endothall main job = disturb growth & photosynth of CLP… b/c plant can’t photosynth going to pull more carbohydrates from itS main carbohydrate storage organ= TURION! Although we expect a decrease in CLP’s TNC from the endothall’s killing plant portion (new CLP sprouts)… we see an even greater decrease in DT areas b/c Spraying in Spring effectively takes away CLP’s competitve advantage as an invasive species: It’s Lifecycle!! Endothall and the timing of it’s application takes CLP’s main competitve advantage, it’s lifecycle, and turns it against itself. So what’s going on… Turion is trying to put all energy into growth of new plant- to allocate all it’s carbohydrates to photsynthesis right when ice is off! After Winter…. THERFORE: Hit it w/ herbicide- early Spring after Ice is off- and @ same time turion is putting all energy into growth of new plant--- Herbicide- Endothal= job is to get rid of new sprout… but it indirectly ends up taking carbohydrate reserves of turion that are now being allocated to new sprout Since 2006, the Duck Lake association has been applying endothall in attempts to reduce P. crispus and re-establish native plant communities. Current field research on multiple lakes has observed weak and discolored turions, particularly on lakes treated with herbicide. Zach, grad assitant, when he took samples from duck lake treated areas… noteiced weak and dark colored turions
EXPLAIN AXIS’’’’’ count of number/ m2 WJ increase density because has more CLP …versus BL You’d exped decrease turion density in DT… hurting plant ;;;;; decrease in turions BUT CLP is still producitng turions… just diff. turiions! Think about the lifecycle.. Normally increase in turion carb storage after plant ages… and turion is dropped…. Decreases turion carb storage in winter when ice is one… b/c clp starts to grow. Turion is allocating its carb not storing DT density not changed b/c still producting turions… it’s just that they are weaker… But they can still photosyn. DECREASE in TNC but not in density! We need to base management plant on this change….
Turions give up most of their energy (carbohydrates) to sprout after after Winter ice is off of lakes. Endothall when in contact with new Culyleaf Pondweed sprouts takes up most of turion energy (carbohydrates) at it’s peak carbohydrate allocation time--- after Winter. Turion carbohydrate storage reserves are indirectly depleted when endothal, a contact herbicide, is applied to and depletes new Curlyleaf Pondweed turion sprouting at the end of Winter/early Spring. It is possible that endothall effectively counterattacks Curlyleaf Pondweed’s lifecycle, which is it’s competitve advantage. Pic of turion being formed.. Apical meristem– vegetatvie bud