Plant Geography in Pakistan Animal Distribution in Pakistan

2. Department of Environmental Sciences,
NFC Institute of Engineering & Technology Multan
Maira Rafiq
Session: 2021-2025
Course 19 Presentation | BS Environmental Sciences
Registration # 2k21-BSES-07
Course Instructor
Sir Arbaz Madni
Sessional Lecturer / Environmental Consultant
ANIMAL DISTRIBUTION IN PKAISTAN
by

3. Outline
• Introduction
• Number of Major Group of Species
• Kinds Of Animal Distribution
• The Official National (state) animal in Pakistan
• The Most Dangerous animal in Pakistan
• Rarest Animal In Pakistan
• Largest Animal In Pakistan
• Major Threats to Dolphins
• Factor Affecting Animal Distribution
• Threats to WildLife
Session: 2021-2024
Course 19 Presentation | BS (Hons.) Environmental Sciences
Department of Environmental Sciences, NFC Institute of Engineering & Technology Multan

4. • Climate Change
• Global Warming
• Plastic Waste
• WildLife Trafficking
• Hunting
• Suggestion to help Endangered Animals
• Conclusion

5. Animal Distribution In Pakistan

6. Introduction:
• Pakistan is bounded on the north and northwest by Afghanistan.
• On the north east by Jammu and Kashmir.
• On east and south east by india.
• On the south by the Arabian sea.
• On west by Iran.
• The Area of pakistan 803943 square kilometer.
• Pakistan is home to some of the rarest animals in the world, many of
which are not endangered species.

7. Number of Major Groups of Species:

8. KINDS OF ANIMAL
DISTRIBUTION:
There are two major kinds of Animal Distribution:
1) Spatial distribution or distribution in space
2) Geological distribution or distribution in time

9. SPATIAL DISTRUBUTION:
• This is the distribution of Animal in the different part of the world.
• It is of two kinds:
a) Geographical (horizontal or surfacial) distribution
b) Bathymetric (vertical or altitudinal) distribution

10. A) GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION:
• This is the horizontal distribution of animals in different geographical regions and
natural habitats of the Earth surface.
• The study of the geographical distribution of animals is called zoogeography.
• Based on the geographical distribution of vertebrates, the Earth surface is divided
into distinct region called zoogeographical realms.

11. B) BATHYMETRIC DISTRIBUTION:
• This is the vertical distribution of animals on land and in water.
• It is of three kinds:
1) Geobiotic
2) Halobiotic
3) Limnobiotic
• Geobiotic distribution is the vertical distribution on land.
• Halobiotic distribution is the vertical distribution in marine water.
• Limnobiotic distribution is the vertical distribution in inland fresh water bodies.

12. GEOLOGICAL OR DURATIONAL DISTRIBUTION:
• This is the distribution of animals in geological past.
• So it is related to the evolutionary history of life on Earth.
• It is revealed by the study of fossils.

13. • The markhor, a large species of wild
goat with screw-shaped horns that
can grow up to five feet in length, is
considered to be the national animal
of Pakistan.
• These horns are used for defense
against predators and other male
markhors.
• They live in small family groups
consisting of four or five individuals.
The males lead the group while the
females take care of their young.
The Official National (State) Animal In Pakistan:

14. The Most Dangerous Animals in
Pakistan:
• Indian cobras are one of the most
dangerous animals in Pakistan.
• The king cobra holds the title as
the longest venomous snake in the
world. They live in southern China,
India, and southeastern Asia.
• True cobras have larger hoods and
smaller heads.

15. Rarest Animals in Pakistan:
• The Asian Black Bear is a rare site in
Pakistan because it is critically endangered.
There are less than 1,000 left in the wild.
• The Asian black bear (Ursus
thibetanus), also known as the Asiatic
black bear, moon bear and white-
chested bear
• In Pakistan, the Balochistan black bear is
considered Critically Endangered. It was
once found in almost the entirety of
Balochistan. However, it is now considered
extinct in most of the area. Deforestation
and loss of habitat is the greatest problem it

16. Largest Animals in Pakistan:
• The Indus River Dolphin is one of the largest animals in
Pakistan, reaching up to eight feet long.
• This unique animal is now being threatened with extinction, with less
than 1,000 dolphins left.
WWF Pakistan has been leading the way for
Indus River dolphin conservation. Members of the organization are on
call to save stranded dolphins and release them back into the river,
introduce sustainable fishing methods, help to minimize water pollution
from agricultural runoff, conduct research on the dolphins, and create
awareness of the importance of the dolphins. Their work has helped to
slow the decline of the Indus River dolphin population, and are even
beginning to help the numbers increase.

17. MAJOR THREATS TO DOLPHINS:
• Fisheries bycatch (including in fishing gear including drift nets)
• Overfishing
• Pollution (chemical and debris/litter)
• Global climate change
• Tourism activities (includes vessel-based whale & dolphin watching)
• Boat strikes
• Noise pollution (includes vessels, LFA & MFA Navy Sonar)
• Habitat loss & degradation (e.g. through urban development)
• Whaling & hunting

18. Factor Affecting Animal Distribution:
Animal spread out in the biosphere through migration. Migration and dispersal of
animals are controlled by many factors or barriers:
1) Physical Barrier:
It include mountains, rivers, lakes, seas or forests.
2) Climatic Barrier:
It include temperature, moisture, light and pH.
3) Biological Barrier:
It include food, predators and enemies.

19. According to Environmentalist and Forest Experts, the primary threats to
wildlife are:
• Climate change
• Global Warming
• Plastic waste
• Wildlife trafficking
• Hunting
Threats to WildLife:

20. 1) CLIMATE CHANGE:
Climate change is quickly becoming the biggest threat to the long-
term survival of America’s wildlife. No longer is climate change
something only facing future generations—changes to our climate are
being documented all across the planet today, and people, animals,
and plants are already feeling the heat. This warming signal is also
found in ocean temperatures, soil temperatures, melting glaciers, and
melting polar ice caps. It has been linked to widespread impacts on
ecosystems around the planet. This preponderance of evidence all
points to the conclusion that our planet is warming, and natural
systems are struggling to keep up.

21. 2) GLOBAL WARMING:
Rising temperatures lower many species
survival rates due to changes that lead to less
food, less successful reproduction, and
interfering with the environment for native
wildlife. These detrimental changes are
already apparent in our National Capital Area
parks.

22. 3) PLASTIC WASTE:
Plastic is toxic and can kill wildlife or make them more
susceptible to disease. Animals can become trapped and
injured by plastic and it disrupts habitats, making it hard for
some species to live and breed naturally, leading to
depletions in populations.
According to the United Nations Environmental Program, 20-40% of
the plastic used worldwide is disposed of in landfills, where its resources
are wasted, taking up valuable space, blighting communities, and harming
wildlife. A mere 12% of plastic waste gets recycled, with unrecycled plastic
materials typically getting sent to landfills where they may take as long as
1,000 years to decompose. Unlike paper or cotton, plastic does not
biodegrade. It only breaks up into smaller and smaller pieces over very
long times. These fragments, along with manufactured micro-plastic
beads, pose an even worse hazard to aquatic wildlife.

23. 4) WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING:
Wildlife smuggling or trafficking involves
the illegal gathering, transportation, and
distribution of animals and their
derivatives. This can be done either
internationally or domestically.

24. 5) HUNTING:
Hunters cause injuries, pain and suffering to
animals who are not adapted to defend
themselves from bullets, traps and other
cruel killing devices. Hunting destroys animal
families and habitats, and leaves terrified
and dependent baby animals behind to
starve to death.

25. There are many things to help Endangered animals, here are a few
suggestions:
1. Protect wildlife habitat. Habitat loss is one of the main cause of extinction.
2. Educate others.
3. Stay away from pesticides and herbicides.
4. Shop ethically.
5. Be an ethical citizen, tourist and when you see endangered animals
threatened let someone know immediately.
Here are few Suggestions to help
Endangered Animals:

26. CONCLUSION:
Hunting and habitat destruction are major threats to wildlife. Fauna of an area
depends on the flora present in the area because it provides food and shelter to the
fauna and destruction of the habitats also results in the elimination or migration of
species. The avian fauna of the study area was rich because the flora was thick.
Hunting in the study area was very much loss due to the cease fire in Swat due to the
current situation of terrorism in Swat. It was concluded from the current study that
hunting and habitat destruction are the major threats to the wildlife.