This document summarizes recent studies on genetics and molecular biology related to cardiovascular disease risk. It discusses:
1) A study that found familial hypercholesterolemia variants in 1.7% of early myocardial infarction cases vs 0.6% of controls, and a high polygenic risk score in 17% of cases vs 5% of controls. Both were associated with a similar 3.7-fold risk of early myocardial infarction.
2) Advances in characterizing genetic variants associated with familial hypercholesterolemia, but limitations in classification.
3) A study suggesting that inhibition of ATP-citrate lyase may lower cardiovascular risk similarly to statins by reducing LDL-cholesterol.
This document provides guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia and prevention of atherosclerosis from the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE). It summarizes screening recommendations, risk assessment, and treatment guidelines for various lipid disorders, with special consideration for patients with diabetes, women, and pediatric patients. The guidelines are based on evidence from literature reviews and expert opinion. They are intended to assist endocrinologists in reducing risks and consequences of dyslipidemia by providing a practical guide. The guidelines extend existing guidelines and complement AACE's Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan guidelines.
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by high levels of LDL cholesterol that can lead to premature heart disease. The underlying causes are defects in genes responsible for clearing LDL from the blood. If left untreated, high LDL levels from birth can cause heart attacks or strokes by early adulthood. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and cholesterol-lowering medications like statins. New therapies that block PCSK9 protein are helping to further lower LDL levels. For the most severe cases, liver transplantation may be considered to replace the non-functioning liver gene. Regular screening and treatment are important to manage risk and prevent early cardiovascular problems in those with FH.
This document reviews US hypertension management guidelines and recommendations for the future. It summarizes the key recommendation from JNC 8 to initiate pharmacologic treatment for those aged 60 and older with a systolic BP of 150 mm Hg or higher or a diastolic BP of 90 mm Hg or higher, and to treat to a goal of under 150/90 mm Hg systolic/diastolic BP. This recommendation is based on trials showing benefits of treating elderly patients to lower BP targets, though evidence is strongest for those over 80. New evidence from the SPRINT trial contradicts JNC 8 and supports even lower BP targets.
evolution in dyslipidemia management final.pptxAdelSALLAM4
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in Saudi Arabia, accounting for 46% of deaths in 2014. Risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, obesity, and high cholesterol significantly contribute to the risk of cardiovascular events. While statins and lifestyle modifications are effective in lowering cholesterol and reducing cardiovascular risk for many patients, some individuals have difficulty achieving optimal cholesterol levels or controlling their multiple risk factors, demonstrating the need for additional treatment options.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - ¿Sabemos todo sobre las bebidas ...claudiadelbosque
1) Recent studies have questioned whether sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are solely responsible for obesity and related diseases, as evidence from randomized trials does not clearly support this.
2) Two new studies estimate that a proposed policy banning large SSB portions in the US would reduce calorie intake from SSBs by around 260 calories per day, but it is unclear if this reduction would be enough to see health benefits given limitations of the studies.
3) Many dietary and lifestyle factors beyond just SSBs are associated with health risks, and policies focusing only on SSBs may oversimplify their effects and interactions with other behaviors.
Raised Lipid Profile In Rheumatoid Arthritis- A Risk For CVDiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
This document provides guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia and prevention of atherosclerosis from the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE). It summarizes screening recommendations, risk assessment, and treatment guidelines for various lipid disorders, with special consideration for patients with diabetes, women, and pediatric patients. The guidelines are based on evidence from literature reviews and expert opinion. They are intended to assist endocrinologists in reducing risks and consequences of dyslipidemia by providing a practical guide. The guidelines extend existing guidelines and complement AACE's Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan guidelines.
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by high levels of LDL cholesterol that can lead to premature heart disease. The underlying causes are defects in genes responsible for clearing LDL from the blood. If left untreated, high LDL levels from birth can cause heart attacks or strokes by early adulthood. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and cholesterol-lowering medications like statins. New therapies that block PCSK9 protein are helping to further lower LDL levels. For the most severe cases, liver transplantation may be considered to replace the non-functioning liver gene. Regular screening and treatment are important to manage risk and prevent early cardiovascular problems in those with FH.
This document reviews US hypertension management guidelines and recommendations for the future. It summarizes the key recommendation from JNC 8 to initiate pharmacologic treatment for those aged 60 and older with a systolic BP of 150 mm Hg or higher or a diastolic BP of 90 mm Hg or higher, and to treat to a goal of under 150/90 mm Hg systolic/diastolic BP. This recommendation is based on trials showing benefits of treating elderly patients to lower BP targets, though evidence is strongest for those over 80. New evidence from the SPRINT trial contradicts JNC 8 and supports even lower BP targets.
evolution in dyslipidemia management final.pptxAdelSALLAM4
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in Saudi Arabia, accounting for 46% of deaths in 2014. Risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, obesity, and high cholesterol significantly contribute to the risk of cardiovascular events. While statins and lifestyle modifications are effective in lowering cholesterol and reducing cardiovascular risk for many patients, some individuals have difficulty achieving optimal cholesterol levels or controlling their multiple risk factors, demonstrating the need for additional treatment options.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - ¿Sabemos todo sobre las bebidas ...claudiadelbosque
1) Recent studies have questioned whether sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are solely responsible for obesity and related diseases, as evidence from randomized trials does not clearly support this.
2) Two new studies estimate that a proposed policy banning large SSB portions in the US would reduce calorie intake from SSBs by around 260 calories per day, but it is unclear if this reduction would be enough to see health benefits given limitations of the studies.
3) Many dietary and lifestyle factors beyond just SSBs are associated with health risks, and policies focusing only on SSBs may oversimplify their effects and interactions with other behaviors.
Raised Lipid Profile In Rheumatoid Arthritis- A Risk For CVDiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
Functional genomics has led to an improvement of our understanding of CVD and can be translated to clinical utility. Gene-based pre-symptomatic prediction of illness, finer diagnostic sub-classifications and improved risk assessment tools will permit earlier and more targeted intervention. Pharmacogenetics will guide our therapeutic decisions and monitor response to therapy. Personalised medicine requires the integration of clinical information, stable and dynamic genomics and molecular phenotyping.
It is now possible to systematically search the entire human genome for common variants that are associated with a particular phenotype. (HGP, HAP MAP)
This study examined racial and gender disparities in achieving target LDL cholesterol levels among hypertensive patients. It found that black women, black men, and white women were less likely to achieve target LDL-C levels within two years compared to white men, even after adjusting for demographic factors, clinical characteristics, healthcare access factors, provider characteristics, and lipid-lowering medication potency. Black women were prescribed the most potent lipid-lowering medications on average. The disparities seen suggest a need for greater focus on patient-level barriers to medication adherence for women and black men.
This document summarizes recent genetic studies on genetic modifiers that influence the severity of beta-hemoglobinopathies like sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia. It discusses how genetic association studies have identified modifiers like fetal hemoglobin levels and alpha-thalassemia trait that impact disease severity at the molecular level. Genome-wide association studies and next-generation sequencing have also discovered additional genetic variants associated with disease complications. Identifying genetic modifiers provides insights into disease mechanisms and possibilities for new therapeutic targets and predictive diagnostics.
This document summarizes two studies that raised questions about the risks and benefits of testosterone therapy:
1. A retrospective study found that male veterans with low testosterone who received testosterone therapy had a higher risk of heart attack, stroke, or death compared to those not receiving therapy, even after adjusting for potential confounding factors.
2. A randomized trial found that adding testosterone to optimized sildenafil therapy for erectile dysfunction provided no additional improvement in erectile function compared to sildenafil alone.
Together these studies highlight the need for more research on the long-term risks and benefits of testosterone therapy, as current understanding is limited despite its increasing use.
The HOPE-3 trial found that combining treatment with rosuvastatin, candesartan, and hydrochlorothiazide reduced the risk of cardiovascular events by 29% compared to placebo in a population at intermediate cardiovascular risk. The combination therapy lowered LDL cholesterol by 33.7 mg/dL and systolic blood pressure by 6.2 mmHg on average over 5.6 years. It reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke compared to placebo, with numbers needed to treat of 72 and 63 to prevent an event in the primary outcomes. Subgroup analyses suggested greater benefit for those with higher baseline blood pressure.
This document discusses dyslipidemia and its relationship to stroke risk. It defines dyslipidemia as abnormal lipid levels that can contribute to atherosclerosis. While dyslipidemia is a risk factor for ischemic stroke, the relationship is complex as lipid levels also influence risks of hemorrhagic stroke. Studies show LDL cholesterol in particular is strongly associated with increased ischemic stroke risk, while low cholesterol may raise risks of hemorrhage. Triglycerides and lipoprotein(a) levels also influence stroke risk. Screening lipid profiles after stroke is recommended to guide treatment and reduce future risks.
1- Differentiate between primary and secondary sources and provide an.pdfcontact28
1. Differentiate between primary and secondary sources and provide an example for each one. 2.
Describe the similarities and differences between a research paper and a review paper. 4. Is the
following Abstract from a research article? Abstract People of African ancestry (Blacks) have an
increased risk of kidney failure due to numerous socioeconomic, environmental, and clinical
factors. Two variants in the APOL1 gene are now thought to account for much of the racial
disparity associated with hypertensive kidney failure in Blacks. However. this knowledge has not
been translated into clinical care to help improve patient outcomes and address disparities.
GUARDD is a randomized trial to evaluate the effects and challenges of incorporating genetic
risk information into primary care. Hypertensive, non-diabetic, adults with self-reported African
ancestry. without kidney dysfunction, are recruited from diverse clinical settings and randomized
to undergo APOL1 genetic testing at baseline (intervention) or at one year (waitlist control).
Providers are educated about genomics and APOL1. Guided by a genetic counselor, trained staff
return APOL1 results to patients and provide low-literacy educational materials. Real-time
clinical decision support ols alert clinicians of their patients' APOL1 results and associated risk
status at the point of care. Our academiccommunity-clinical partnership designed a study to
generate information about the impact of genetic risk information on patient care (blood pressure
and renal surveillance) and on patient and provider knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.
GUARDD will help establish the effective implementation of APOLL risk-informed
management of hypertensive patients at high risk of CKD, and will provide a robust framework
for future endeavors to implement genomic medicine in diverse clinical practices. It will also add
to the important dialog about factors contributing to and may help eliminate racial disparities in.
kidney disease. True: False 5. Of the 3 titles listed below, which title(s) is suitable for a review
paper: a. Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis and Management b. Determining the Effects and
Challenges of Incorporating Genetic Testing into Primary Care Management of Hypertensive
Patients with African Ancestry c. Pharmacist Intervention for Blood Pressure Control in Patients
with Diabetes and/or Chronic Kidney Disease d. all of the above 6. Which reference style is used
for citing electronic journal articles. a. DOI b. APA c. NLM d. MLA e. all of the above f. none of
the above.
This document questions the strategy of lowering cholesterol to reduce cardiovascular risk. It argues that cholesterol is a vital substance in the body and highlights studies showing that cholesterol levels alone do not predict outcomes. While some drugs and interventions can lower cholesterol, they often do not reduce cardiovascular or total mortality. The document advocates considering total mortality as the most important outcome and questions overreliance on data from animal and genetic studies.
This document discusses moving beyond the traditional Framingham Risk Score for assessing individual coronary heart disease risk. It outlines three areas showing promise: (1) biomarkers like hsCRP and LpPLA2 that can identify pre-clinical disease, (2) vascular imaging like CIMT and CACS that provide more direct measures of atherosclerosis, and (3) genomics though the effects of common gene variants on risk are small and replication has been difficult. Biomarkers and imaging allow refining risk assessment, especially for those at intermediate Framingham risk, while challenges remain in applying genetics to individual risk prediction.
We shall revisit the controversies the term NAFLD has faced overtime. The need for change of the name & how the name change will affect our further understanding of the disease process
This document summarizes a journal club presentation on a clinical trial that evaluated the cardiovascular outcomes of bempedoic acid in statin-intolerant patients. The trial involved 13,970 patients randomized to receive either bempedoic acid or placebo. It found that bempedoic acid lowered LDL cholesterol more than placebo and reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events compared to placebo with less adverse musculoskeletal side effects. The conclusion was that bempedoic acid was associated with a lower cardiovascular risk in statin-intolerant patients.
Dyslipidemia and CVS by Mohit Soni and Chandan KumarOlgaGoryacheva4
My students Mohit Soni and Chandan Kumar had presented this topic in our 22nd Student Scientific Society Conference in the department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases No.2
Study on achievement of target LDC-C in Dyslipidimic patientspharmaindexing
This study analyzed 80 dyslipidemic patients to assess achievement of target LDL-C levels as recommended by ATP III guidelines. The majority of patients had high LDL-C levels and were receiving statin therapy. Based on risk factors, patients were categorized as CHD, high risk non-CHD, or low risk non-CHD. Only 22.5% of patients achieved their target LDL-C levels, which was unsatisfactory. More aggressive lipid management is needed to help more patients reach targets through interventions like pharmacist counseling and medication adjustments.
This document discusses sickle cell disease (SCD), including causes, epidemiology, complications, guidelines for management, and barriers to care. SCD results from a genetic mutation causing abnormal hemoglobin that can lead to anemia, pain crises, organ damage. It affects about 100,000 Americans, predominantly those of African descent. Complications include stroke, acute chest syndrome, kidney and lung disease. Guidelines recommend screening and prevention strategies as well as protocols for treating acute complications like pain crises and anemia. Barriers to care include access issues, lack of disease expertise, and mental health challenges.
This summarizes a journal club discussion on a clinical trial examining the effects of allopurinol treatment in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The trial found that allopurinol attenuated the decline in glomerular filtration rate compared to controls and reduced cardiovascular events and inflammatory markers. However, the study had some limitations as an open-label, single-center trial with a small sample size. While allopurinol showed potential benefits, larger and more robust studies are still needed before strongly recommending its use to attenuate CKD progression.
The document discusses the use of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. While aspirin is proven to be effective for secondary prevention, its benefits for primary prevention in patients without a history of vascular disease are unclear based on previous studies which have been underpowered. The document describes two recent clinical trials, POPADAD and JPAD, which also did not provide definitive evidence due to low event rates. It encourages participation in the ongoing ASCEND trial, which aims to recruit 10,000 patients, in order to help resolve the uncertainty around aspirin's role in primary prevention for patients with diabetes.
We conducted a retrospective study of 178 community dwelling elderly on anemia which was defined as hemoglobin < 13 gm/ dl in males and < 12 gm/dl in females (WHO guidelines).
Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of patients aged ≥ 95 years, who were seen over a two year period at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
CVD Egypt Clinical Diabetes Reprint Summer 2010Mahmoud IBRAHIM
This document summarizes a study on screening Egyptian patients for diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors. The study found:
- 22.9% of patients had diabetes, 30.7% had hypertension, 33.4% had dyslipidemia, and 43% were smokers.
- Cardiovascular risk factors were more prevalent in females (57.7%) and urban populations (72.2%).
- Obesity affected 29% of patients and was correlated with higher blood pressure. Family history of diabetes was associated with higher BMI, waist circumference, blood sugar, and triglycerides.
- The high prevalence of risk factors indicates a need for national prevention programs in Egypt targeting obesity, diabetes, hypertension
Clinical, laboratory and histological associations in clinical, laboratory an...Dr. sreeremya S
Clinical, laboratory and histological associations in clinical, laboratory and histological associations in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Functional genomics has led to an improvement of our understanding of CVD and can be translated to clinical utility. Gene-based pre-symptomatic prediction of illness, finer diagnostic sub-classifications and improved risk assessment tools will permit earlier and more targeted intervention. Pharmacogenetics will guide our therapeutic decisions and monitor response to therapy. Personalised medicine requires the integration of clinical information, stable and dynamic genomics and molecular phenotyping.
It is now possible to systematically search the entire human genome for common variants that are associated with a particular phenotype. (HGP, HAP MAP)
This study examined racial and gender disparities in achieving target LDL cholesterol levels among hypertensive patients. It found that black women, black men, and white women were less likely to achieve target LDL-C levels within two years compared to white men, even after adjusting for demographic factors, clinical characteristics, healthcare access factors, provider characteristics, and lipid-lowering medication potency. Black women were prescribed the most potent lipid-lowering medications on average. The disparities seen suggest a need for greater focus on patient-level barriers to medication adherence for women and black men.
This document summarizes recent genetic studies on genetic modifiers that influence the severity of beta-hemoglobinopathies like sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia. It discusses how genetic association studies have identified modifiers like fetal hemoglobin levels and alpha-thalassemia trait that impact disease severity at the molecular level. Genome-wide association studies and next-generation sequencing have also discovered additional genetic variants associated with disease complications. Identifying genetic modifiers provides insights into disease mechanisms and possibilities for new therapeutic targets and predictive diagnostics.
This document summarizes two studies that raised questions about the risks and benefits of testosterone therapy:
1. A retrospective study found that male veterans with low testosterone who received testosterone therapy had a higher risk of heart attack, stroke, or death compared to those not receiving therapy, even after adjusting for potential confounding factors.
2. A randomized trial found that adding testosterone to optimized sildenafil therapy for erectile dysfunction provided no additional improvement in erectile function compared to sildenafil alone.
Together these studies highlight the need for more research on the long-term risks and benefits of testosterone therapy, as current understanding is limited despite its increasing use.
The HOPE-3 trial found that combining treatment with rosuvastatin, candesartan, and hydrochlorothiazide reduced the risk of cardiovascular events by 29% compared to placebo in a population at intermediate cardiovascular risk. The combination therapy lowered LDL cholesterol by 33.7 mg/dL and systolic blood pressure by 6.2 mmHg on average over 5.6 years. It reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke compared to placebo, with numbers needed to treat of 72 and 63 to prevent an event in the primary outcomes. Subgroup analyses suggested greater benefit for those with higher baseline blood pressure.
This document discusses dyslipidemia and its relationship to stroke risk. It defines dyslipidemia as abnormal lipid levels that can contribute to atherosclerosis. While dyslipidemia is a risk factor for ischemic stroke, the relationship is complex as lipid levels also influence risks of hemorrhagic stroke. Studies show LDL cholesterol in particular is strongly associated with increased ischemic stroke risk, while low cholesterol may raise risks of hemorrhage. Triglycerides and lipoprotein(a) levels also influence stroke risk. Screening lipid profiles after stroke is recommended to guide treatment and reduce future risks.
1- Differentiate between primary and secondary sources and provide an.pdfcontact28
1. Differentiate between primary and secondary sources and provide an example for each one. 2.
Describe the similarities and differences between a research paper and a review paper. 4. Is the
following Abstract from a research article? Abstract People of African ancestry (Blacks) have an
increased risk of kidney failure due to numerous socioeconomic, environmental, and clinical
factors. Two variants in the APOL1 gene are now thought to account for much of the racial
disparity associated with hypertensive kidney failure in Blacks. However. this knowledge has not
been translated into clinical care to help improve patient outcomes and address disparities.
GUARDD is a randomized trial to evaluate the effects and challenges of incorporating genetic
risk information into primary care. Hypertensive, non-diabetic, adults with self-reported African
ancestry. without kidney dysfunction, are recruited from diverse clinical settings and randomized
to undergo APOL1 genetic testing at baseline (intervention) or at one year (waitlist control).
Providers are educated about genomics and APOL1. Guided by a genetic counselor, trained staff
return APOL1 results to patients and provide low-literacy educational materials. Real-time
clinical decision support ols alert clinicians of their patients' APOL1 results and associated risk
status at the point of care. Our academiccommunity-clinical partnership designed a study to
generate information about the impact of genetic risk information on patient care (blood pressure
and renal surveillance) and on patient and provider knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.
GUARDD will help establish the effective implementation of APOLL risk-informed
management of hypertensive patients at high risk of CKD, and will provide a robust framework
for future endeavors to implement genomic medicine in diverse clinical practices. It will also add
to the important dialog about factors contributing to and may help eliminate racial disparities in.
kidney disease. True: False 5. Of the 3 titles listed below, which title(s) is suitable for a review
paper: a. Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis and Management b. Determining the Effects and
Challenges of Incorporating Genetic Testing into Primary Care Management of Hypertensive
Patients with African Ancestry c. Pharmacist Intervention for Blood Pressure Control in Patients
with Diabetes and/or Chronic Kidney Disease d. all of the above 6. Which reference style is used
for citing electronic journal articles. a. DOI b. APA c. NLM d. MLA e. all of the above f. none of
the above.
This document questions the strategy of lowering cholesterol to reduce cardiovascular risk. It argues that cholesterol is a vital substance in the body and highlights studies showing that cholesterol levels alone do not predict outcomes. While some drugs and interventions can lower cholesterol, they often do not reduce cardiovascular or total mortality. The document advocates considering total mortality as the most important outcome and questions overreliance on data from animal and genetic studies.
This document discusses moving beyond the traditional Framingham Risk Score for assessing individual coronary heart disease risk. It outlines three areas showing promise: (1) biomarkers like hsCRP and LpPLA2 that can identify pre-clinical disease, (2) vascular imaging like CIMT and CACS that provide more direct measures of atherosclerosis, and (3) genomics though the effects of common gene variants on risk are small and replication has been difficult. Biomarkers and imaging allow refining risk assessment, especially for those at intermediate Framingham risk, while challenges remain in applying genetics to individual risk prediction.
We shall revisit the controversies the term NAFLD has faced overtime. The need for change of the name & how the name change will affect our further understanding of the disease process
This document summarizes a journal club presentation on a clinical trial that evaluated the cardiovascular outcomes of bempedoic acid in statin-intolerant patients. The trial involved 13,970 patients randomized to receive either bempedoic acid or placebo. It found that bempedoic acid lowered LDL cholesterol more than placebo and reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events compared to placebo with less adverse musculoskeletal side effects. The conclusion was that bempedoic acid was associated with a lower cardiovascular risk in statin-intolerant patients.
Dyslipidemia and CVS by Mohit Soni and Chandan KumarOlgaGoryacheva4
My students Mohit Soni and Chandan Kumar had presented this topic in our 22nd Student Scientific Society Conference in the department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases No.2
Study on achievement of target LDC-C in Dyslipidimic patientspharmaindexing
This study analyzed 80 dyslipidemic patients to assess achievement of target LDL-C levels as recommended by ATP III guidelines. The majority of patients had high LDL-C levels and were receiving statin therapy. Based on risk factors, patients were categorized as CHD, high risk non-CHD, or low risk non-CHD. Only 22.5% of patients achieved their target LDL-C levels, which was unsatisfactory. More aggressive lipid management is needed to help more patients reach targets through interventions like pharmacist counseling and medication adjustments.
This document discusses sickle cell disease (SCD), including causes, epidemiology, complications, guidelines for management, and barriers to care. SCD results from a genetic mutation causing abnormal hemoglobin that can lead to anemia, pain crises, organ damage. It affects about 100,000 Americans, predominantly those of African descent. Complications include stroke, acute chest syndrome, kidney and lung disease. Guidelines recommend screening and prevention strategies as well as protocols for treating acute complications like pain crises and anemia. Barriers to care include access issues, lack of disease expertise, and mental health challenges.
This summarizes a journal club discussion on a clinical trial examining the effects of allopurinol treatment in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The trial found that allopurinol attenuated the decline in glomerular filtration rate compared to controls and reduced cardiovascular events and inflammatory markers. However, the study had some limitations as an open-label, single-center trial with a small sample size. While allopurinol showed potential benefits, larger and more robust studies are still needed before strongly recommending its use to attenuate CKD progression.
The document discusses the use of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. While aspirin is proven to be effective for secondary prevention, its benefits for primary prevention in patients without a history of vascular disease are unclear based on previous studies which have been underpowered. The document describes two recent clinical trials, POPADAD and JPAD, which also did not provide definitive evidence due to low event rates. It encourages participation in the ongoing ASCEND trial, which aims to recruit 10,000 patients, in order to help resolve the uncertainty around aspirin's role in primary prevention for patients with diabetes.
We conducted a retrospective study of 178 community dwelling elderly on anemia which was defined as hemoglobin < 13 gm/ dl in males and < 12 gm/dl in females (WHO guidelines).
Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of patients aged ≥ 95 years, who were seen over a two year period at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
CVD Egypt Clinical Diabetes Reprint Summer 2010Mahmoud IBRAHIM
This document summarizes a study on screening Egyptian patients for diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors. The study found:
- 22.9% of patients had diabetes, 30.7% had hypertension, 33.4% had dyslipidemia, and 43% were smokers.
- Cardiovascular risk factors were more prevalent in females (57.7%) and urban populations (72.2%).
- Obesity affected 29% of patients and was correlated with higher blood pressure. Family history of diabetes was associated with higher BMI, waist circumference, blood sugar, and triglycerides.
- The high prevalence of risk factors indicates a need for national prevention programs in Egypt targeting obesity, diabetes, hypertension
Clinical, laboratory and histological associations in clinical, laboratory an...Dr. sreeremya S
Clinical, laboratory and histological associations in clinical, laboratory and histological associations in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Similar to Update on genetics and molecular biology.pdf (20)
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com