Store accounting involves recording the movement of stock, including quantities issued and received. Its key objectives are to provide information about the value of materials issued and received, determine ordering levels without inspecting stock, and indicate quantities and values on hand. Proper store accounting offers advantages like providing information, maximizing potential, controlling waste, and aiding insurance claims. Common methods for valuing materials issued include FIFO and LIFO. FIFO involves issuing the oldest materials first at their original purchase price, while LIFO issues the newest materials first at current replacement cost. Both methods have advantages in simplicity and disadvantages in complexity with fluctuating prices.