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UNSDG REPORT
- 1. UNSDG Report SCHOOL OF COMMERCE Submitted to Prof. RUPALI KUMARI Violina BM Bharati (19215060) Arpith T Sajy (19215009) Kartik Goyal (19215025)
- 2. DECLARATION I hereby declare that the NGO Project report titled ‘‘UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL’’ submitted to The School of Commerce, Christ University is a record of original work done by me under the guidance of Miss Rupali Kumari, assistant professor and Head of the department Dr. Sanjay Rastogi. This project work is submitted in complete fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree credit points.
- 3. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that ‘‘Violina BM Bharati (19215060), Arpith T Sajy (19215009), and Kartik Goyal (19215025)’’ students of Bachelor of Commerce, Honours have successfully completed the NGO Project on ‘‘UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL’’ under the guidance and support of ‘Ms. Rupali Kumari’ and ‘Dr. Sanjay Rastogi’
- 4. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We would like to take this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude towards our college department, The School of Commerce at Christ Deemed to be University for giving us this tremendous opportunity to work on this project. We have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the support and help of the group members and The School of Commerce faculty. I am highly indebted to Miss Rupali Kumari and Dr. Sanjay Rastogi for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project and also for their support in completing the same. We would like to express our gratitude towards our parents and the members of our group for their kind cooperation and encouragement which helped us in the completion of this project. Thank You
- 5. 4 Index 1. Introduction………………………….………….……………….………...............5 2. The 17 SDG……………………………………………………………………….9 3. UNSDG 3rd goal Health and Well-being i. Research Methodology …………………………………….……………29 ii. Why we have chosen this topic?................................................................30 iii. Introduction………………………………………………………………31 iv. Why it matters……………………………………………………………34 v. Objectives………………………………………………………………...36 vi. Facts and figure……………………………………………………….….37 vii. Targets of 3rd goal………………………………………………………. 39 4. Strategy i. Helping India reduce its road fatalities by half through a central road safety strategy……………………………………………………………41 ii. Hypothesis……………………………………………………………….44 iii. Conclusion……………………………………………………………….44 5. Learning outcome………………………………………………………………...45 6. Bibliography……………………………………………………………………...46
- 6. 5 UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GROUP UN is a corporation formed in 1945 during the Second World War. The two world wars led to the requirement of a corporation with tremendous powers that would bring peace and safety to people on the earth. The main aim of this Organization was to take care of peace, protection of human rights, encourage property development, and upholding jurisprudence. The properties of development goals are a group of seventeen goals developed by the alliance General Assembly for encouraging higher living conditions. UN SDG stands for ‘‘United Nations Sustainable Development Goals’’. They released a list of 17 global goals that they wish to accomplish with the help of 193 member countries. They aimed to reach towards these 17 goals by 2030 with the agenda ‘‘Transforming our world’’ List of the 17 goals: 1. No Poverty 2. Zero Hunger 3. Good Health and Well-being 4. Quality Education 5. Gender Equality 6. Clean Water and Sanitation 7. Affordable and Clean Energy 8. Decent Work and Economic Growth 9. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure 10. Reducing Inequality 11. Sustainable Cities and Communities 12. Responsible Consumption and Production 13. Climate Action 14. Life below Water 15. Life on Land 16. Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions 17. Partnerships for the Goals
- 7. 6 The United Nations Sustainable Development Group (UNSDG), beforehand the United Nations Development Group (UNDG), is a consortium of 36 United Nations reserves, programs, organizations, offices and workplaces that assume a job being developed. It was made by the Secretary-General of the United Nations to improve the adequacy of United Nations advancement exercises at the nation level. The Sustainable Development Goals are the outline to accomplish a superior and progressively manageable future for all. They address the worldwide difficulties we face, including those identified with neediness, imbalance, environmental change, ecological debasement, harmony and equity. The 17 Goals are completely interconnected, and to abandon nobody, it is significant that we accomplish them all by 2030. At the worldwide level, the UNSDG fills in as a significant level gathering for joint policy development and dynamic. It guides, supports, tracks and supervises the coordination of improvement tasks in 162 nations and territories. The UNSDG meets two times per year under the chairmanship of Deputy Secretary- General Ms. Amina J. Mohammed, who chairs the UNSDG for the benefit of the UN Secretary-General. The UNDP Administrator, Mr. Achim Steiner, serves in as Vice- Chair of the Group. The Development Coordination Office (DCO) serves in as the Secretariat of the Group. The Group is made from the official heads of UNSDG member entities. The UNSDG Vice-chair additionally meets the UNSDG Core Group involved DESA, FAO, ILO,
- 8. 7 UNDP, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UN Women, WFP, WHO and the pivoting seat of the Regional Economic Commissions. It has consistently been said that what we have is the thing that our predecessors left for us and what the people in the future will have is the thing that we will leave for them. So, to get these things moving, different Sustainable Development goals are to be shaped. There are different sustainable development agenda recommended by the UN in the year 2015, which must be finished by 2030. The development agenda was named as "Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development." It is fundamentally a specialized attracting to accomplish a superior and sustainable future for all. All the objectives are exceptionally tremendous in nature yet at the same time related with one another. The goals are action to end poverty, make the planet wonderful and furthermore make the lives of individuals living everywhere beautiful. There are 17 goals or the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and have 169 targets. There are 1-3 markers for each target which quantifies the advancement towards arriving at the goal. Altogether, 232 markers have been endorsed to gauge the progress. There is only 10 years left to do. Exactly when things were going right, a worldwide pandemic called Coronavirus or COVID-19 came in. It just blocked the procedure. The world is experiencing a standstill. In fact, during this time, nature is cleaning itself and subsequently goals like clean water, climatic activity, life below water and life on land have gained ground. The endeavors that must be 5 one in these objectives will be less in examination with the others which increments effectively and viably. Yet, for the most part talking, starting today, the outcomes have demonstrated that the progress is being done yet not the rate at which it ought to be finished. Taking a gander in the living conditions of individuals a decade back, we really observe that it has gained some ground. More individuals approach hospitals, educational facilities and job opportunities with in comparison the situation 10 years back. Be that as it may, the imbalances among the individuals and the climatic actions have been going about as an impetus to fix all the gains. The main obstacles that must be handled during this last decade are growing poverty, empowering women and addressing climate emergency.
- 9. 8 THE 17 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, embraced by completely United Nations Member States in 2015, gives a common diagram to harmony and thriving for individuals and the planet, presently and into what's to come. At its heart are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are an earnest call for activity by all nations - developed and developing - in a worldwide partnership. They perceive that consummation destitution and different hardships must go inseparably with systems that improve well-being and education, diminish inequality, and spike economic development – all while handling climate change and attempting to save our seas and woodlands.
- 10. 9 GOAL 1 NO POVERTY Wipe out destitution in the entirety of its structures stays perhaps the greatest test confronting mankind. While the quantity of individuals living in outrageous destitution dropped by the greater part somewhere in the range of 1990 and 2015, too many are yet battling for the most basic human needs. Starting at 2015, around 736 million individuals despite everything lived on under US$1.90 per day; many lack food, clean drinking water and sanitation. Quick development in nations, for example, China and India has lifted millions out of destitution, yet progress has been lopsided. Ladies are bound to be poor than men since they have less paid work, education, and own less property. Progress has additionally been constrained in different regions, for example, South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, which represent 80 percent of those living in outrageous destitution. New dangers welcomed on by climate change, struggle and food frailty, mean significantly more work is expected to bring individuals out of poverty.
- 11. 10 The SDGs are a striking duty to complete what we began, and end destitution in all structures and measurements by 2030. This includes focusing on the most vulnerable, expanding essential assets and services, and supporting networks influenced by strife and climate related catastrophes. GOAL 2 ZERO HUNGER Following quite a while of consistent decline, the quantity of individuals who experience the ill effects of hunger – as estimated by the pervasiveness of undernourishment – started to gradually increment again in 2015. Today, in excess of 820 million individuals normally hit the sack hungry, of whom around 135 million experience the ill effects of intense appetite generally because of man-made conflicts, climate change and economic downturns. The COVID-19 pandemic could now twofold that number, putting an extra 130 million individuals in danger of enduring intense hunger before the finish of 2020, as indicated by the World Food Program. Within excess of a fourth of a billion people conceivably near the very edge of starvation, quick move should be made to give food and compassionate relief to the most in danger regions.
- 12. 11 Simultaneously, a significant difference in the worldwide food and agriculture framework is required on the off chance that we are to sustain the in excess of 820 million individuals who are eager and the extra 2 billion individuals the world will have by 2050. Expanding farming productivity and sustainable food creation are pivotal to help lighten the risks of hunger. GOAL 3 GOODHEALTH & WELL-BEING By 2030, decrease the worldwide maternal mortality proportion to under 70 for every 100 000 live births. By 2030, end preventable passing’s of infants and youngsters under 5 years old, with all nations expecting to decrease neonatal mortality to in any event as low as 12 for every 1000 live births and under-5 mortality to at any rate as low as 25 for each 1000 live births. By 2030, end the plagues of AIDS, tuberculosis, intestinal sickness and dismissed tropical infections and battle hepatitis, water-borne maladies and other transferable illnesses. By 2030, decrease by 33% untimely mortality from non-transferable illnesses through avoidance and treatment and advance psychological well-being and prosperity. Strengthen the avoidance and treatment of substance misuse, including opiate drug misuse and unsafe
- 13. 12 utilization of liquor. By 2020, halve the quantity of worldwide deaths and wounds from street car crashes. By 2030, guarantee widespread admittance to sexual and regenerative medical care administrations, including for family arranging, data and instruction, and the coordination of conceptive wellbeing into public procedures and projects. Achieve general wellbeing inclusion, including monetary danger security, admittance to quality basic medical services administrations and admittance to sheltered, powerful, quality and reasonable fundamental prescriptions and antibodies for all. By 2030, generously diminish the quantity of passing’s and ailments from perilous synthetic substances and air, water and soil contamination and defilement. Strengthen the usage of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all nations, as suitable. Support the innovative work of immunizations and drugs for the transferable and non-transmittable infections that basically influence developing nations, give admittance to moderate basic meds and antibodies, as per the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which asserts the privilege of developing nations to use to the full the arrangements in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights with respect to adaptabilities to secure general wellbeing, and, specifically, give admittance to medications to all. Substantially increment wellbeing financing and the enrollment, improvement, preparing and maintenance of the wellbeing workforce in developing nations, particularly in least developed nations and little island developing States. Strengthen the limit everything being equal, specifically developing nations, for early notice, hazard decrease and the board of public and worldwide wellbeing chances.
- 14. 13 GOAL 4 QUALITY EDUCATION Since 2000, there has been colossal advancement in accomplishing the objective of widespread essential education. The all-out enrolment rate in developing region arrived at 91% in 2015, and the overall number of children out of school has dropped by almost half. There has likewise been a sensational increment in literacy rates, and a lot of younger girls are in school than any other time before. These are generally amazing victories. Progress has additionally been extreme in some developing region because of significant levels of poverty, armed clashes and different crises. In Western Asia and North Africa, progressing armed clash has seen an expansion in the quantity of children out of school. This is a stressing pattern. While Sub-Saharan Africa gained the best ground in elementary school enrolment among every developing region – from 52 percent in 1990, up to 78 percent in 2012 – enormous variations despite everything remain. Kids from the poorest families are up to multiple times bound to be out of school than those of the richest family household. Disparities among rural and urban zones likewise stay high.
- 15. 14 Accomplishing comprehensive and quality education for all reaffirms the conviction that education is one of the most remarkable and demonstrated vehicles for sustainable development. This objective guarantees that all young boys and young girls complete free primary and secondary schooling by 2030. It additionally expects to give equivalent access to affordable vocational training, to eliminate gender and wealth disparities, and accomplish all inclusive access to a quality advanced education. GOAL 5 GENDER EQUALITY Ending all discrimination against women and girls isn't just a fundamental human right, it's critical for sustainable future; it's demonstrated that engaging women and girls helps economic development and improvement. UNDP has made gender equality balance key to its work and we've seen wonderful improvement in the previous 20 years. There are more girls in school currently contrasted with 15 years back, and most areas have arrived at gender parity in primary education. In any case, although there are more women than any other time in recent memory in the labor market, there are still huge disparities in certain regions, with women methodically denied a similar work rights as men. Sexual violence
- 16. 15 and exploitation, the inconsistent division of unpaid consideration and domestic work, and discrimination in open office all stay tremendous hindrances. climate change and fiascos keep on disproportionate affecting women and children, as do strife and migration. It is essential to give women equivalent rights land and property, sexual and reproductive health, and to innovation and the web. Today there are more women in open office than any other time in recent memory yet encouraging more women pioneers will help accomplish more prominent gender equality. GOAL 6 CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION Water shortage influences in excess of 40 percent of individuals, a disturbing figure that is anticipated to ascend as temperatures do. Albeit 2.1 billion individuals have improved water sanitation since 1990, waning drinking water supplies are influencing every continent. An ever-increasing number of nations are encountering water pressure, and expanding drought and desertification is as of now exacerbating these patterns. By 2050, it is anticipated that at any rate one
- 17. 16 of every four individuals will endure repeating water shortage. safe and reasonable drinking water for all by 2030 requires we put resources into satisfactory framework, give sanitation facilities, and empower cleanliness. Ensuring and reestablishing water-related environments is essential. Guaranteeing widespread safe and reasonable drinking water includes coming to more than 800 million individuals who need fundamental services and improving accessibility and safety of services for more than two billion. In 2015, 4.5 billion individuals needed securely oversaw sanitation services (with satisfactorily disposed or treated excreta) and 2.3 billion did not have even fundamental sanitation. Goal 7 The world is gaining ground towards Objective 7, with empowering signs that vitality is getting increasingly feasible and broadly accessible. Access to power in more unfortunate nations has started to quicken, vitality proficiency keeps on improving, and sustainable power source is making amazing increases in the power segment. In any case, increasingly engaged consideration is expected to improve access to perfect and safe cooking powers and advancements for 3 billion individuals, to grow the utilization of sustainable power source past the power area, and to build zap in sub-Saharan Africa.
- 18. 17 The Vitality Progress Report gives worldwide dashboard to enrol progress on vitality get to, vitality proficiency and sustainable power source. It evaluates the advancement made by every nation on these three columns and gives a depiction of how far we are from accomplishing the 2030 Reasonable Improvement Objectives targets. Goal 8 Guaranteeing that basic wellbeing administrations are as yet accessible and ensuring wellbeing frameworks; Helping individuals adapt to affliction, through social security and essential administrations; Securing employments, supporting little and medium-sized ventures, and casual segment laborers through financial reaction and recuperation programs; Directing the essential flood in monetary and money related boost to make macroeconomic arrangements work for the most defenseless and reinforcing multilateral and local reactions; and Advancing social union and putting resources into network drove strength and reactive frameworks.
- 19. 18 Goal 9 Interest in framework and advancement are vital drivers of financial development and improvement. With over a large portion of the total populace currently living in urban communities, mass vehicle and sustainable power source are getting always significant, similar to the development of new ventures and data and correspondence advances. Innovative advancement is likewise key to finding enduring answers for both monetary and natural difficulties, for example, giving new openings and advancing vitality productivity. Advancing economical ventures, and putting resources into logical examination and advancement, are extremely significant approaches to encourage manageable turn of events. In excess of 4 billion individuals despite everything don't approach the Web, and 90 percent are from the creating scene. Connecting this advanced partition is pivotal to guarantee equivalent access to data and information, just as encourage development and business enterprise. Goal 10. Guarantee equivalent chance and lessen imbalances of result, including by killing oppressive laws, arrangements and rehearses and advancing proper enactment, approaches and activity in such manner. Embrace approaches, particularly monetary, compensation and social insurance strategies, and dynamically accomplish more noteworthy balance. Improve the guideline and checking of worldwide monetary markets and establishments and reinforce the usage of such guidelines Guarantee improved portrayal and voice for creating nations in dynamic in worldwide global monetary and budgetary foundations so as to convey increasingly compelling, dependable, responsible and authentic establishments Encourage deliberate, sheltered, customary and dependable relocation and portability of individuals, including through the usage of arranged and very much oversaw movement approaches
- 20. 19 Goal 11 By 2050, 70 % of the total populace will live in urban areas, making urban communities basic in accomplishing an economical future for the world. Organizations, along with Governments at different levels, and common society associations and residents are by and large occupied with seeking after goal-oriented targets to make urban communities increasingly serious, safe, asset proficient, strong and comprehensive. Key territories of need in accomplishing progress on Objective 11 are; 1) recognizing and concurring the most maintainable approaches to accomplish the objectives what exercises ought to be stopped and which ones quickened; 2) building suitable limit and aptitudes over these partner gatherings to convey; 3) pulling in/making sure about account, imaginative plans and conveyance models and tasks for incorporated city foundation including structures, vitality, portability, broadcast communications, water, sanitation and waste administration administrations, and; 4) guaranteeing viable procedures for multi- partner commitment in all phases of urban improvement that construct accord, consideration, versatility and maintainability.
- 21. 20 Goal 12 Execute the 10- year system of projects on economical utilization and creation, all nations making a move, with created nations starting to lead the pack, considering the turn of events and abilities of creating nations By 2030, accomplish the practical administration and productive utilization of characteristic assets By 2030, divide per capita worldwide food squander at the retail and buyer levels and diminish food misfortunes along creation and gracefully chains, including post-gather misfortunes By 2020, accomplish the ecologically solid administration of synthetic substances and all losses for an amazing duration cycle, as per concurred universal structures, and fundamentally diminish their discharge to air, water and soil so as to limit their unfavorable effects on human wellbeing and the earth generously diminish squander age through counteraction, decrease, reusing and reuse Energize organizations, particularly huge and transnational organizations, to receive manageable practices and to incorporate supportability data into their announcing cycle Advance open obtainment rehearses that are practical, as per national arrangements and needs.
- 22. 21 Goal 13. Climate Change 2019 was the second hottest year on record and the finish of the hottest decade (2010-2019) at any point recorded. Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and other ozone depleting substances in the climate rose to new records in 2019. Environmental change is influencing each nation on each mainland. It is disturbing national economies and influencing lives. Climate designs are changing, ocean levels are rising, and climate occasions are getting increasingly extraordinary. Albeit ozone harming substance emanations are anticipated to drop around 6 percent in 2020 because of movement bans and monetary log jams coming about because of the COVID-19 pandemic, this improvement is just brief. Environmental change isn't on delay. When the worldwide economy starts to recuperate from the pandemic, discharges are required to come back to more significant levels. Sparing lives and occupations requires pressing activity to address both the pandemic and the atmosphere crisis. The Paris Agreement, embraced in 2015, intends to fortify the worldwide reaction to the danger of environmental change by keeping a worldwide temperature rise this century well under 2 degrees Celsius above pre-mechanical levels. The understanding likewise means to fortify the capacity of nations to manage the effects of environmental change, through suitable budgetary streams, another innovation system and an improved limit building structure.
- 23. 22 Goal 14. Life Below Water The sea drives worldwide frameworks that make the Earth tenable for mankind. Our water, drinking water, climate, atmosphere, coastlines, a lot of our food, and even the oxygen noticeable all around we inhale, are largely at last given and managed by the ocean. Cautious administration of this basic worldwide asset is a key component of a feasible future. In any case, at the ebb and flow time, there is a constant weakening of waterfront waters attributable to contamination, and sea fermentation is having an ill-disposed impact on the working of biological systems and biodiversity. This is likewise adversely affecting little scope fisheries. Sparing our sea must stay a need. Marine biodiversity is basic to the soundness of individuals and our planet. Marine ensured territories should be successfully overseen and well-resourced and guidelines should be set up to diminish overfishing, marine contamination and sea fermentation. Sea and individuals- More than three billion individuals rely upon marine and seaside biodiversity for their jobs. Comprehensively, the market estimation of marine and beach front assets and ventures is evaluated at $3 trillion every year or around 5 percent of worldwide GDP. Marine fisheries straightforwardly or by implication utilize more than 200 million individuals. Seaside waters are decaying because of contamination and eutrophication. Without purposeful endeavors, waterfront eutrophication is relied upon to increment in 20 percent of enormous marine environments by 2050. Generally, 80per penny of marine and beach front contamination begins ashore – including rural run-off, pesticides, plastics and untreated sewage. Around the globe, one million plastic drinking bottles are bought each moment, while up to 5 trillion single-utilize plastic sacks are utilized worldwide consistently Around 680 million individuals live in low-lying beach front zones – that is relied upon to increment to a billion by 2050.
- 24. 23 Economical and atmosphere strong vehicle, including oceanic vehicle, is vital to reasonable turn of events. Around 80 percent of the volume of worldwide exchange products is conveyed via ocean, and the rate is much higher for most creating nations.
- 25. 24 Goal 15. Life on land Nature is basic to our endurance: nature furnishes us with our oxygen, manages our climate designs, pollinates our yields, delivers our food, feed and fiber. Be that as it may, it is under expanding pressure. Human movement has adjusted right around 75 percent of the world's surface, crushing untamed life and nature into an ever-littler corner of the planet. Around 1 million creature and plant species are undermined with eradication – numerous inside decades – as per the 2019 Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service. The report called for transformative changes to reestablish and ensure nature. It found that the wellbeing of environments on which we and every single other specie depend is falling apart more quickly than any time in recent memory, influencing the very establishments of our economies, employments, food security, wellbeing and personal satisfaction around the world. Deforestation and desertification – brought about by human exercises and environmental change – present significant difficulties to supportable turn of events and have influenced the lives and vocations of a great many individuals. Woods are essentially significant for supporting life on Earth, and assume a significant job in the battle against environmental change. Also, putting resources into land reclamation is basic for improving occupations, lessening weaknesses, and decreasing dangers for the economy.
- 26. 25 The strength of our planet likewise assumes a significant job in the development of zoonotic ailments, for example maladies that are transmissible among creatures and people. As we keep on infringing on delicate biological systems, we carry people into ever-more noteworthy contact with natural life, empowering microorganisms in untamed life to overflow to animals and people, expanding the danger of malady development and enhancement. Goal 16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institution Strife, frailty, powerless establishments and constrained access to equity stay an incredible danger to supportable turn of events. The quantity of individuals escaping war, oppression and strife surpassed 70 million of every 2018, the most elevated level recorded by the UN displaced person office (UNHCR) in very nearly 70 years. In 2019, the United Nations followed 357 killings and 30 implemented vanishings of human rights safeguards, writers and exchange unionists 47 nations. Furthermore, the births of around one out of four kids under age 5 overall are rarely authoritatively recorded, denying them of a proof of lawful personality critical for the assurance of their privileges and for access to equity and social administrations. Key realities Among the establishments generally influenced by debasement are the legal executive and police. Defilement, pay off, burglary and tax avoidance cost some US $1.26 trillion for creating nations for each year; this measure of cash could be utilized to lift the individuals who are living on under $1.25 per day above $1.25 for in any event six years Birth enrollment has happened for 73 percent of youngsters under 5, however just 46per
- 27. 26 penny of Sub-Saharan Africa have had their births enlisted. Around 28.5 million grade young who are out of school live in strife influenced territories. The standard of law and advancement have a huge interrelation and are commonly fortifying, making it fundamental for economic improvement at the national and worldwide level. The extent of detainees held in confinement without condemning has remained practically consistent in the most recent decade, at 31per penny all things considered. Goal 17. Partnerships for the goal The SDGs must be acknowledged with solid worldwide organizations and collaboration. A fruitful improvement plan requires comprehensive associations — at the worldwide, territorial, national and nearby levels — based upon standards and values, and upon a common vision and shared objectives putting individuals and the planet at the inside. Numerous nations need Official Development Help to empower development and exchange. However, help levels are falling and giver nations have not satisfied their promise to increase improvement fund. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the worldwide economy is anticipated to contract forcefully, by 3 percent, in 2020, encountering its most exceedingly awful downturn since the Great Depression.
- 28. 27 Solid global participation is required now like never before to guarantee that nations have the way to recoup from the pandemic, form back better and accomplish the Sustainable Development Goals. Key realities Net Official Development Assistance streams by part nations of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development added up to $147.4 billion out of 2019. 79 percent of imports from creating nations enter created nations obligation free the obligation trouble on creating nations stays stable at around 3 percent of fare income Exchange, remote direct speculation and settlements all anticipated to decay by up to 40 percent in 2020. Practically 50% of the total populace isn't associated with the web, especially in helpless nations.
- 29. 28
- 30. 29 Research Methodology ● We would first analyze our objectives through the help of the preliminary data through different credible sources. ● Will draw a comparison between the past, present, and future of goals of trusted organizations and check how they have contributed towards this goal. ● We will talk about the international pacts between the countries and national policies which help in maintaining better health. ● Then we will be collecting the data from the past UNSDG report on Good Health and Well-being and compare it with the present situation. ● We will try to gather data without any biased opinions. ● We would try to point out the improvements made by the United Nation and other countries that try to improve the health conditions. ● We will brief out the importance of having good health which will help people realize the importance of the same. ● To make this data authentic, we will make sure to collect the data from only reliable sources like the UN's official website. ● We will also analyze the progress which has helped in improving health by the UN. ● We will be ending the report with a conclusion, references, and bibliography.
- 31. 30 Why we have chosen this topic? In recent times it can be seen that people are getting more and more I’ll be it due to diseases or accidents. They do not seem to take enough care or proper precautions about their health. Many people have also lost their lives due to the carelessness of someone else. Our main motive behind this research report is to study the factors that influence accidents on the road and how they can be prevented. We wish to spread awareness about the same as it is a prominent emergency in today’s world, where the value of human lives is decreasing
- 32. 31 GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING: We have gained extraordinary ground against a few driving reasons for death and sickness. Life expectancy has expanded drastically; infant and maternal mortality rates have declined; we've reversed the situation on HIV and malaria deaths passing have halved. Great well-being is basic to sustainable development and the 2030 Agenda mirrors the intricacy and interconnectedness of the two. It considers augmenting economic and social inequalities, rapid urbanization, dangers to the climate and the environment, the proceeding with weight of HIV and different infectious diseases, and rising difficulties, for example, noncommunicable infections. Universal health inclusion will be essential to accomplishing SDG 3, ending poverty and reducing inequalities. Rising worldwide well-being needs not unequivocally remembered for the SDGs, including antimicrobial resistance, likewise request activity. Be that as it may, the world is off course to accomplish the health-related SDGs. Progress has been lopsided, both between and inside nations. There's a 31-year gap between the nations with shortest and longest life expectancies. And keeping in mind that a few nations have made amazing gains, national averages conceal that many are as a left behind. Multisectoral, rights-based and gender-sensitive delicate methodologies are fundamental to deliver inequalities and to build good health for all.
- 33. 32
- 34. 33 Guaranteeing healthy lives and advancing prosperity at all ages is basic to sustainable development. As of now, the world is confronting a worldwide healthy emergency dissimilar to some other — COVID-19 is spreading human affliction, destabilizing the worldwide economy and overturning the lives of billions of individuals around the world. Prior to the pandemic, significant advancement was made in improving the health of a huge number of individuals. Noteworthy steps were made in expanding future and diminishing a portion of the normal executioners related with child and maternal mortality. Be that as it may, more endeavors are expected to completely eradicate a wide scope of infections and address a wide range of persistent and emerging health issues. By concentrating on giving increasingly effective funding of health systems, improved sanitation and cleanliness, and expanded access to doctors, huge advancement can be made in assisting with sparing the lives of millions. Health crises, for example, COVID-19 represent a worldwide hazard and have demonstrated the basic requirement for readiness. The United Nations Development Program featured tremendous variations in nations' capacities to adapt to and recuperate from the COVID-19 emergency. The pandemic gives a turning point to health crisis readiness and for interest in basic 21st century public services.
- 35. 34 WHY IT MATTERS What’s the goal here? To guarantee healthy lives and advance prosperity for all at all ages. Why? Guaranteeing healthy lives and promoting prosperity is essential to building prosperous social orders. In any case, the COVID-19 pandemic has crushed health frameworks all around and undermines as of now accomplished health outcomes. Most nations, particularly poor nations, have lacking health facilities, clinical supplies and health care laborers for the surge in demand. The pandemic has demonstrated that in rich and poor nations the same, a health crisis can drive individuals into bankruptcy or poverty. Deliberate endeavors are required to accomplish widespread health inclusion and sustainable financing for health; address the developing weight of zoonotic and non-transferable diseases, tackle antimicrobial obstruction and natural components adding to ill health. What progress have we made up until this point? Progress in numerous health regions, for example, in diminishing maternal and child mortality, in expanding inclusion of immunization, and in decreasing some infectious diseases, proceeds, however the pace of progress has eased back down, particularly during COVID-19 which is overwhelming the health frameworks internationally and undermines health results previously accomplished.
- 36. 35 How might we accomplish these objectives? Guaranteeing healthy lives for all requires a solid commitment, however the advantages exceed the expense. Health people are the establishment for healthy economies. Immunization is one of the world's best and cost-effective health intercessions. While inoculation inclusion among babies expanded from 72 percent in 2000 to 86 percent in 2018, an expected 19.4 million children didn't get the basic vaccines during the principal year of life. Actually, since March 2020, routine childhood immunization services have been upset on a scale unheard of since the origin of the Expanded Program on Immunization during the 1970s. Does everyone have access to healthcare? In 2017, just around 33% to half of the worldwide populace was secured by fundamental health services. In the event that current trends proceed, just 39 % to 63 % of the worldwide populace will be secured by basic health services by 2030. The COVID-19 emergency has upset fundamental health services around the globe. A few services have been suspended to let loose assets for COVID-19 patients and to lessen the danger of transmission. In the event that widespread health inclusion is to turn into a reality by 2030, development in the arrangement and utilization of basic health services should greatly accelerate.
- 37. 36 What would I be able to do to help? You can begin by advancing and ensuring your own health and the health of people around you, by settling on very much well-informed decisions, rehearsing safe sex and inoculating your kids. You can bring issues to light in your locale about the significance of good health, healthy lifestyles just as individuals' entitlement to quality health care services, particularly for the most helpless, for example, ladies and children. You can likewise hold your government, nearby pioneers and other leaders responsible to their duties to improve individuals' access to health and health care. Objectives of Health and well being Guaranteeing sound lives and advancing prosperity at all ages is basic to reasonable turn of events. Presently, the world is confronting a worldwide wellbeing emergency not at all like some other — COVID-19 is spreading human affliction, destabilizing the worldwide economy and overturning the lives of billions of individuals around the world. Prior to the pandemic, significant advancement was made in improving the soundness of a huge number of individuals. Noteworthy steps were made in expanding future and decreasing a portion of the regular executioners related with youngster and maternal mortality. Be that as it may, more endeavors are expected to completely kill a wide scope of illnesses and address a wide range of constant and developing medical problems. By concentrating on giving progressively productive financing of wellbeing frameworks, improved sanitation and cleanliness, and expanded access to doctors, critical advancement can be made in assisting with sparing the lives of millions.
- 38. 37 Wellbeing crises, for example, COVID-19 represent a worldwide hazard and have demonstrated the basic requirement for readiness. The United Nations Development Program featured immense actively in nations' capacities to adapt to and recuperate from the COVID- 19 emergency. The pandemic gives a turning point to wellbeing crisis readiness and for interest in basic 21st century open administrations. Facts and figures Child health • 17,000 fewer children die each day than in 1990, but more than five million children still die before their fifth birthday each year. • Since 2000, measles vaccines have averted nearly 15.6 million deaths. • Despite determined global progress, an increasing proportion of child deaths are in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia. Four out of every five deaths of children under age five occur in these regions. • Children born into poverty are almost twice as likely to die before the age of five as those from wealthier families. • Children of educated mothers—even mothers with only primary schooling—are more likely to survive than children of mothers with no education. Maternal health • Maternal mortality has fallen by 37% since 2000. • In Eastern Asia, Northern Africa and Southern Asia, maternal mortality has declined by around two-thirds. • But maternal mortality ratio – the proportion of mothers that do not survive childbirth compared to those who do – in developing regions is still 14 times higher than in the developed regions. • More women are receiving antenatal care. In developing regions, antenatal care increased from 65 per cent in 1990 to 83 per cent in 2012. • Only half of women in developing regions receive the recommended amount of health care they need.
- 39. 38 • Fewer teens are having children in most developing regions, but progress has slowed. The large increase in contraceptive use in the 1990s was not matched in the 2000s. • The need for family planning is slowly being met for more women, but demand is increasing at a rapid pace. HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • 36.9 million people globally were living with HIV in 2017. • 21.7 million people were accessing antiretroviral therapy in 2017. • 1.8 million people became newly infected with HIV in 2017. • 940 000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2017. • 77.3 million people have become infected with HIV since the start of the epidemic. • 35.4 million people have died from AIDS-related illnesses since the start of the epidemic. • Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death among people living with HIV, accounting for around one in three AIDS-related deaths. • Globally, adolescent girls and young women face gender-based inequalities, exclusion, discrimination and violence, which put them at increased risk of acquiring HIV. • HIV is the leading cause of death for women of reproductive age worldwide. • AIDS is now the leading cause of death among adolescents (aged 10–19) in Africa and the second most common cause of death among adolescents globally. • Over 6.2 million malaria deaths have been averted between 2000 and 2015, primarily of children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. The global malaria incidence rate has fallen by an estimated 37 per cent and the mortality rates by 58 per cent.
- 40. 39 Targets for Goal 3 • By 2030, decrease the worldwide maternal mortality proportion to under 70 for every 100,000 live births. • By 2030, end preventable deaths of infants and kids under 5 years old, with all nations expecting to diminish neonatal mortality to at any rate as low as 12 for each 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at any rate as low as 25 for each 1,000 live births • By 2030, end the plagues of AIDS, tuberculosis, jungle fever and dismissed tropical illnesses and battle hepatitis, water-borne sicknesses and other transferable infections. • By 2030, lessen by 33% untimely mortality from non-transferable maladies through avoidance and treatment and advance psychological wellness and prosperity. • Fortify the counteraction and treatment of substance misuse, including opiate medicate misuse and destructive utilization of liquor. • By 2020, halve the quantity of worldwide deaths and wounds from street auto collisions. • By 2030, guarantee general access to sexual and conceptive social insurance administrations, including for family arranging, data and training, and the combination of regenerative wellbeing into national methodologies and projects. • Accomplish all inclusive wellbeing inclusion, including money related hazard security, access to quality fundamental social insurance administrations and access to protected, viable, quality and reasonable basic meds and immunizations for all. • By 2030, considerably decrease the quantity of deaths and diseases from risky synthetic substances and air, water and soil contamination and pollution. • Fortify the execution of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all nations, as suitable. • Bolster the innovative work of antibodies and prescriptions for the transferable and non-transmittable sicknesses that fundamentally influence creating nations, give access to moderate basic drugs and immunizations, as per the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which asserts the privilege of creating nations to use to the full the arrangements in the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights with respect to adaptabilities to ensure general wellbeing, and, specifically, give access to medications to all.
- 41. 40 • Considerably increment wellbeing financing and the enlistment, improvement, preparing and maintenance of the wellbeing workforce in creating nations, particularly in least created nations and little island creating states. • Fortify the limit everything being equal, specifically creating nations, for early notice, hazard decrease and the executives of national and worldwide wellbeing dangers.
- 42. 41 Helping India reduce its Road Fatalities by Half through a Central Road Safety Strategy India has under 3 percent of the world's vehicles; it represents around 12 percent of the world's road fatalities. In 2018 alone, World Health Organization (WHO) gauges that right around 300,000 individuals kicked the bucket because of street mishaps in the nation. This number remains excessively high contrasted with nations with a lot more significant levels of mechanization, for example, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Netherlands. The human expense in this is colossal, as is the effect on the economy. A World Bank study has discovered that if India were to effectively split street fatalities and wounds somewhere in the range of 2014 and 2038, it might add 14 percent to its GDP per capita. Lamentably, the effect of vehicle mishaps on the oppressed is frequently unbalanced. Walkers, cyclists and motorcyclists, typically hailing from low-and center pay layers, represent in excess of 50% of the street traffic fatalities in India. Street mishaps can influence individuals' job and drive them into destitution. Studies show that helpless family units stray into the red by acquiring cash to adapt to the extra clinical costs, notwithstanding losing pay after a mishap. Containing street mishaps should be a multi-sectoral exertion that includes law authorization, administration, (the issue of driving licenses and vehicle enlistment), building (fitting street plan) mindfulness raising and post-mishap injury care and the executives. India needs to contribute an expected extra USD 109 billion in street security throughout the following decade to divide its accident fatalities, the World Bank said in a report delivered on a day when at any rate 35 individuals were killed in four separate mishaps in the nation. The bank said such a venture will bring monetary advantages proportionate every year to 3.7 percent of the GDP. The report named "Conveying Road Safety in India" was delivered at the 'Third Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety' in Stockholm.
- 43. 42 It focuses to the high passing rate on India's streets brought about by interminable absence of interest in fundamental, directed, and supported street security programs and distinguishes applicable speculation needs to alter the course. India has probably the most elevated pace of street crashes on the planet. Consistently, around 150,000 individuals lose their lives on India's streets, and in excess of multiple times that number are harmed or injured forever, the report said. The public roadways alone case one life a year for each two kilometers. This is multiple times higher than the created nation edge. Street crashes likewise sway monetary development, costing the economy between 3 to 5 percent of GDP a year. “A total of 4,67,044 road accidents have been reported by States and Union Territories (UTs) in the calendar year 2018, claiming 1,51,417 lives and causing injuries to 4,69,418 persons,” the report said. Over-speeding accounted for 64.4% of the persons killed. Building up a clear public objective and seeking after it in mission mode through a properly resourced lead organization is something India should focus on as a need. The new Motor Vehicle Act, actually, makes an arrangement for precisely such an organization—the National Road Safety Board. States are being urged to make independent lead offices also. For a lead organization to be best, in any case, it must be completely independent, responsible and sufficiently furnished with specialists from all aspects of road safety management. Without satisfactory financing institutional structures and processes can stay ineffective. In Argentina, for instance, the lead organization got 1 percent of all collected vehicle insurance fees as primary funding. Similar funds have been set up in New Zealand, Australia, Sweden, Finland and Great Britain, for instance. Presently, India doesn't have a committed road safety reserve at the central level. In any case, a few states, for example, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Haryana, Punjab, Maharashtra, Odisha, Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, Nagaland, Manipur, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan and Kerala have set up such reserves. These reserves get part of it gathered from traffic fines and the enrolment of motor vehicles. The fund is then used to make the roads more secure by improving infrastructure on national highways, patrolling the roads and expressways, carrying out research into road safety, redesigning post-accident care, and bringing issues to light about road safety.
- 44. 43 Further, setting up and keeping up a crash data management system that monitors and analyses road mishaps will help recognize accident problem areas and the authorities can pinpoint what should be done to make these patches more secure. In spite of the fact that road safety data in India is gathered by the police departments of all states, this data should be analyzed, with targets and policies set as needs be. Up until now, India doesn't have a national level database for road mishaps. Tamil Nadu and Himachal Pradesh have just built up their own crash data management systems. From 2017 forward, all states and UT have embraced a uniform traffic accident recording format created by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH). Key strategies are: Develop road safety legislation, particularly with global benchmarking viewpoints. Support in amending the codes of practice, building up an accident monitoring and analysis system, and directing a National Highway Safety System that focuses around improving road safety along with better traffic the management. Assess the safety of key national and state highways using automated risk rating technology. It will help in road security audits and effectively support training and capacity-building in India. Build up a national level and state road safety program that will set up a National Road Safety Fund and give monetary incentives to states to assist them with improving roadway security. These programs have to focus on some projects, including improving street engineering, reinforcing implementation, upgrading education on road safety issues and improving medical reactions in crises, reducing the response time of emergency medical services. Results from a portion of these efforts have been motivating. For instance, the Karnataka Safe Corridor Demonstration Project prompted a bigger number of individuals conforming to traffic rules, for example, adhering to speed limits and wearing helmets. Accordingly, street fatalities diminished by almost 60 percent in only one year (2016 - 2017).
- 45. 44 Hypothesis Hypothesis: It is assumed that a bigger number of individuals are conforming to traffic rules, for example, adhering to speed limits, and wearing helmets. Accordingly, street fatalities diminished by almost 60 percent in only one year. Conclusion The above exercises will help governments at the center and the states build up a more focused on road safety program that unites law enforcement, vehicle security, drivers' licenses and training, just as post-accident care with respect to the authorities. It likewise includes raising awareness and improving consistence for the aspect of the public. Over the last 15 years, the number of childhood deaths has been cut in half. This proves that it is possible to win the fight against almost every disease. Still, we are spending an astonishing amount of money and resources on treating illnesses that are surprisingly easy to prevent. The new goal for worldwide Good Health promotes healthy lifestyles, preventive measures and modern, efficient healthcare for everyone.
- 46. 45 LEARNING OUTCOMES Through this project, we learnt how important human health and well-being is. This gave a detailed knowledge about what are the major factors that affect the health of human beings and importance of road safety and health related issues specifically with respect to India. We also learned the various policies that have been introduced by the government to tackle and lessen the amount of accidents in this country. We, as a group, understood that the country requires more steps to be taken to reduce road fatalities that are prevalent in the country. The research helped us to get a wider and a new perspective about India specifically in terms of impact of different accidents and mishaps on the death rate. One of the most important outcomes from this report was the ability to recognize and understand relationships to analyses complex systems and thinking of how systems are embedded within different domains and different scales to deal in times of uncertainty. The report helped us realize how to use various reliable sources to collect valid and real data including figures and statistics. To brainstorm and come up with new and creative solutions for already existing problems or a potential issue. It also helped us to gain a better understanding of delegating responsibility as well as own up the work we have done (accountability) and to work in a dynamic team environment and coming up with ideas while having mutual respect. This research helped us to understand the fact of Indian infrastructure and the need for its development to ensure the well-being of everyone in society and to find out how awareness can be spread about the safety guidelines. Most importantly we now understand that framing policy and seeing its applicability is extremely important and thus there are barriers to framing wide and broad strategies. Thus, further emphasize the need to decentralize strategies to ensure grassroot level application. The research helped us to improve our problem-solving skills by way of several brain-storming sessions. This project also helped us understand the need for time management and also taught us the role of a policymaker. Therefore, this project at UNSDG gave us a chance to learn something beyond our course plan.