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University of Maryland University CollegeSTAT200 - Assignment #1.docx
- 1. University of Maryland University College STAT200 - Assignment #1: Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Plan Identifying Information Student (Full Name): Class: Instructor: Date: Scenario: Please write a few lines describing your scenario and the four variables (in addition to income) you have selected. Use Table 1 to report the variables selected for this assignment. Note: The information for the required variable, “Income,” has already been completed and can be used as a guide for completing information on the remaining variables. Table 1. Variables Selected for the Analysis Variable Name in the Data Set Description (See the data dictionary for describing the variables.) Type of Variable (Qualitative or Quantitative) Variable 1: “Income” Annual household income in USD. Quantitative Variable 2: Variable 3:
- 2. Variable 4: Variable 5: Reason(s) for Selecting the Variables and Expected Outcome(s): 1. 1. Variable 1: “Income” - 2. 2. Variable 2: “ “ - 3. 3. Variable 3: “ “ - 4. 4. Variable 4: “ “ - 5. 5. Variable 5: “ “ - Data Set Description: Proposed Data Analysis: Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion Complete Table 2. Numerical Summaries of the Selected Variables and briefly explain why you choose those measurements. Note: The information for the required variable, “Income,” has already been completed and can be used as a guide for completing information on the remaining variables. Table 2. Numerical Summaries of the Selected Variables Variable Name Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion Rationale for Why Appropriate Variable 1: “Income” · ● Number of Observations · ● Median · ● Sample Standard Deviation
- 3. I am using median for two reasons: 1. 1. If there are any outliers or the data is not normally distributed, the median is the best measure of central tendency. 2. 2. The variable is quantitative. I am using sample standard deviation for three reasons: 1. 1. The data is a sample from a larger data set. 2. 2. It is the most commonly used measure of dispersion. 3. 3. The variable is quantitative. Variable 2: Variable 3: Variable 4: Variable 5: Graphs and/or Tables Complete Table 3. Type of Graphs and/or Table for Selected Variables and briefly explain why you choose those graphs and/or tables. Note: The information for the required variable, “Income,” has already been completed and can be used as a guide for completing information on the remaining variables. Table 3. Type of Graphs and/or Tables for Selected Variables Variable Name Graph and/or Table Rationale for why Appropriate? Variable 1:
- 4. “Income” Graph: I will use the histogram to show the normal distribution of data. Histogram is one of the best plot to show the normal distribution of quantitative level data . Variable 2: Variable 3: Variable 4: Variable 5: ITS 833 – INFORMATION GOVERNANCE Chapter 7 Business Considerations for a Successful IG Program 1 1
- 5. CHAPTER GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Understand the difference between structured and unstructured data Understand the difference between unstructured and semi- structured information Challenges of unstructured data Understand the concept of full cost accounting (FCA) 10 Key factors that drive the total cost of ownership (TCO) of unstructured data Managing information Understand how an IG-enabled organization is different from one that is not IG-enabled 2 2 The Business Case for Information Governance Difficult to justify Non-existent short term return on investment (ROI) Long-term view is essential Reduces exposure to risk over time Improves the quality and security of information Streamlines the retention of information Allows us to look at information costs in a different light 3 Information Environment Challenges of Unstructured Information Unstructured information (email, word documents, social media) is growing faster than the ability to effectively manage
- 6. it and necessitates the use of different approaches than those used to manage structured databases Amount of data growing 44 times existing size over next 10 years while unstructured information growing 50 percent over the rate of structured data. Challenges unique to unstructured information include: Horizontal nature – across the enterprise Lack of formality Management location Ownership issues Classification 4 Information Environment Calculating Information Costs Rising storage costs (short-sighted thinking) Labor (particularly knowledge workers) Overhead costs “Dark information” Costs of e-discovery and litigation Opportunity costs 5 Full Cost Accounting for Information Models Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Model Return on Investment (ROI) Full Cost Accounting Model (FCA) Past, Present, Future Costs Direct Costs Indirect Costs Flexible Application Triple Bottom Line Accounting – Monetary, Environment,
- 7. Societal Costs Full Cost Accounting (FCA) General and Administrative costs Productivity Gains and Losses Legal and E-discovery costs Indirect Costs Up-Front Costs Future Costs 6 7 8 9
- 8. The End [email protected] Geanie Assante 2019 12 12 ITS 833 – INFORMATION GOVERNANCE Chapter 6 Information Governance Policy Development 1 1 CHAPTER GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Know the 8 Generally Accepted Recordkeeping Principles® What is the IG Reference Model? What does the IGRM Diagram consist of? What are the best practice considerations? What is the benefits and risks of having standards? What are the key standards relevant to IG 2 2 A Review of the 8 Generally Accepted
- 9. Recording Keeping Principles® Accountability Transparency Integrity Protection Compliance Availability Retention Disposition So…what is the significance of these principles? 3 3 IG REFERENCE MODEL Who? ARMA International & CGOC When? 2012 Where? As part of the EDRM Project Version 3.0 Why? To foster the adoption by facilitating communication and collaboration between IG stakeholder functions, legal, records management, risk management, and business unit stakeholders. 4 4 HOW TO INTERPRET THE IGRM DIAGRAM
- 10. Outer Ring: Complex set of interoperable processes and implementing he procedures and structural element to put them into practice Requirements: Understanding of business imperatives Knowledge of appropriate tools and infrastructure Sensitivity to legal and regulatory obligations Inner Ring: Depicts a work-flow (life-cycle) diagram. Shows that information management is important at all stages of the lifecycle 5 5 How the IGRM Diagram related to the Generally Accepted Recordkeeping Principles® Support the ARMA Principle by identifying the cross-functional groups of IG stakeholders Depicts the intersecting objectives of the organization Depicts the relationship duty, value and information assets Used by proactive organizations as an introspective lens to facilitate visualization, understanding and discussion concerning how to apple the “Principles” to the organization. Puts focus on the “Principles” Provides essential context for the maturity model 6 6 Considerations in IG Policy Formation
- 11. Best Practices? YES! Understand that Best Practices will vary per organization Review 25 generic Best Practices, Pages 75 and 76 of text book 7 Standards? YES! Two types to consider De Jure Standards - Legal standards published by standards setting bodies such as IOS, ANSI, NIST, BTS and others De Facto Standards – Informal standards regarded by many as actual standards – arising through popular use (Example: Windows in the business world in 2001-2010). May be published by formal standards setting bodies without having “Formal” status 7 Benefits and Risks of Standards Benefits Quality Assurance Support Interoperability Support Implementation Framework and Certification Checklists Cost Reduction International Consensus 8 Risks Possible Decreased Flexibility Standards Confusion Real-World Shortcomings to Due Theoretical Basis Cost and Maintenance Involving in Updating Standard
- 12. 8 KEY STANDARDS RELEVANT TO IG Risk Management ISO 31000-2009 – States principles and generic guidelines of risk management applicable to IG Provides a structured framework for development and implementation of risk management strategies and programs “Risk Management Framework”: Set of two basic components (foundations and organizational arrangements) that support and sustain risk management throughout the organization. 9 9 KEY STANDARDS RELEVANT TO IG Information Security Management ISO/IEC 27001:2005- Information Security Management System Standard that provides guidance in development of security controls for protection of information assets Flexible –can be applied to different activities and processes Includes use of standards by auditors and stakeholders ISO/IEC 27002:2005-Information Technology-Security Techniques-Code of Practice for Information Security Establishes guidelines and general principle for initiating, implementing, maintaining and improving information security mgt. Includes Best Practices of Control Objectives in 11 key areas of information security management ISO/IE 38500:2008 –International Standard for high-level principle and guidance for senior executives and directors, and advisors for effective and efficient use of IT
- 13. Three major sections Scope, Application and Objectives Framework for Good Corporate Governance of IT Guidance for Corporate Governance of IT 10 10 KEY STANDARDS RELEVANT TO IG RECORDS AND E-RECORDS MANAGEMENT ISO 15489-1:2001 and ISO 15489-2:2001– International Standard for Records Management Part 1:Provides a framework and high-level overview of RM core principles Part 1:Defines RM as “Field of management responsibility for the efficient and systematic control of creation receipt, maintenance, use and disposition of records, including processes for capturing and maintaining evidence of and information about business activities and transactions in the form of records”1 Part 2: Technical Specifications and Methodology for implementing standard ISO 30300;2011 – Information and Documentation-Management Systems for Records-Fundamentals and Vocabulary ISO 30301:2011 – Information and Documentation-Management Systems for Records – Requirements 1ISO 15489-1:2001 Information and Documentation-Records Management, Part 1:General Geneva: ISO, 2001), section 3.16. 11
- 14. 11 NATIONAL, INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL ERM STANDARDS United States E-Records Standard U.S. DOD 5015.2 Design Criteria Standard For Electronic Records Management Software Applications Developed in 1997 Updated in 2002 and 2007 Canadian Standards Electronic Records as Documentary Evidence CAN/CGSB- 72.34-2005 Microfilm and Electronic Images as Documentary Evidence CAN/DGSB-72.11-93 Canadian Legal Considerations Relies on prime directive-that an organization shall always be prepared to produce its records as evidence- and its national standards, for the admissibility of electronic records in court proceedings The admissibility of records as evidence is determined under the business records provisions of the Evidence Act 12 12 NATIONAL, INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL ERM STANDARDS…CONTINUED United Kingdom The National Archives To sets of functions requirements to promote the development
- 15. of the electronic records management software market (one in 1999 and one in 2002) Model Requirements of Electronic Records MoReq2 MoReq2010 Australian ERM and Records Management Standards Has consistently been world leader in this area Adopted all three parts of ISO 16175 as its e-records standard Australian Government Recordkeeping Metadata Standard Version 2.0 Australian Government Locator Service AS 5090:2003 – Work Process Analysis for Recordkeeping 13 13 LONG-TERM DIGITAL PRESERVATION Referred to as “LTDP” LTDP is a key area for IG policy development Frequently not addressed in an IG plan Should be applied in preserving historical and “vital records” and in order to maintain its corporate or organizational memory Key Standards for LTDP: PDF/A-2 –official standard format for preserving electronic documents, developed by Adobe. ISO 19005-1:2005 Document Management is the published specification requiring PDF format ISO 14721:2012 – Space Data and Information Transfer Systems –Open Archival Information Systems ISO TR 18492(2005) – Long Term Preservation of Electronic Document Based Information ISO 16363:2012 – Space Data and Information Transfer Systems-Audit and Certification of Trustworthy Digital
- 16. Repositories 14 14 BUSINESS CONTINUITY MANAGEMENT ISO 22301:2012 – Societal Security – Business Continuity Management Systems Requirements Specifies requirements for creating and implementing a standardized approach to business continuity management ----- this is also known as Disaster Recovery Benefits of ISO 22301 Threat Identification and Assessment Threat and Recovery Planning Mission-critical process protection Stakeholder Confidence 15 15 THINGS TO REMEMBER IN DEVELOPING THE IG POLICY Take into account organizational goals Draw clear lines of authority Make sure you have an executive sponsor who can garner executive support for the IG program and policies IG program must contain communications and training component Stakeholders must be made aware of new policies and practices
- 17. Make sure you have metrics that are relevant and useful and can actually be measured Test and audit Give feedback to employees based upon metrics, tests and audit results Establish and enforce clear penalties for policy violations and communicate that to employees Take into account organizational culture 16 16 The End [email protected] Geanie Assante 2019 17 17 STAT200 Introduction to Statistics Dataset for Written Assignments Description of Dataset: The data is a random sample from the US Department of Labor’s 2016 Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CE) and provides information about the composition of households and their annual expenditures (https://www.bls.gov/cex/). It contains information from 30 households, where a survey responder provided the requested information; it is all self-reported information. This dataset contains four socioeconomic variables (whose names start with SE) and four expenditure variables (whose names start with USD).
- 18. Description of Variables/Data Dictionary: The following table is a data dictionary that describes the variables and their locations in this dataset (Note: Dataset is on second page of this document): Variable Name Location in Dataset Variable Description Coding UniqueID# First Column Unique number used to identify each survey responder Each responder has a unique number from 1-30 SE-MaritalStatus Second Column Marital Status of Head of Household Not Married/Married SE-Income Third Column Annual Household Income Amount in US Dollars SE-AgeHeadHousehold Fourth Column Age of the Head of Household Age in Years SE-FamilySize Fifth Column Total Number of People in Family (Both Adults and Children) Number of People in Family USD-Annual Expenditures Sixth Column Total Amount of Annual Expenditures Amount in US Dollars USD-Food Seventh Column Total Amount of Annual Expenditure on Food
- 19. Amount in US Dollars USD-Entertainment Eighth Column Total Amount of Annual Expenditure on Entertainment Amount in US Dollars USD-Education Ninth Column Total Amount of Annual Expenditure on Education Amount in US Dollars How to read the data set: Each row contains information from one household. For instance, the first row of the dataset starting on the next page shows us that: the head of household is not married and is 52 years old, has an annual household income of $95,744, a family size of 4, annual expenditures of $55,963, and spends $7,040 on food, $105 on entertainment, and $340 on education. UniqueID# SE-MaritalStatus SE-Income SE-AgeHeadHousehold SE-FamilySize USD-AnnualExpenditures USD-Food USD-Entertainment USD-Education 1 Not Married 95744 52 4 55963
- 20. 7040 105 340 2 Not Married 95432 51 1 55120 7089 84 274 3 Not Married 96727 39 2 56440 7051 93 222 4 Not Married 96621 54 2 55746 7000 106 322 5 Not Married 96572 59 2 56515
- 21. 7179 95 349 6 Not Married 98717 40 3 56393 7036 106 213 7 Not Married 96697 49 2 56453 6971 86 186 8 Not Married 96653 51 4 56488 6943 90 212 9 Not Married 97912 49 1 55704
- 22. 6937 97 277 10 Not Married 96928 43 3 55932 6953 105 273 11 Not Married 96244 56 4 56051 7073 114 261 12 Not Married 97681 53 4 56124 7097 108 263 13 Not Married 96522 43 4 56152
- 27. 9321 133 478 30 Married 114932 44 5 81186 11077 80 111 STAT200: Written Assignment #1 - Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Plan - Instructions Page 1 of 4 STAT200 Introduction to Statistics Assignment #1: Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Plan Assignment #1: Prepare Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Plan Before conducting any statistical analyses, researchers develop a plan for how they will analyze their data to answer their research questions. The purpose of this assignment is to provide an experience
- 28. developing a descriptive statistics analysis plan. Note: This first assignment is a plan only; no statistics will be calculated or graphs created. The second assignment will involve carrying out the plan, after receiving feedback from your instructor. Assignment Steps: Step #1: Review the STAT200 data set file. (Note: This data set will be used for all three of this term’s written assignments). The data is a subsample from the US Department of Labor’s Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CE) and provides information about the composition of households and their annual expenditures (https://www.bls.gov/cex/). Detailed information on the sample and variables is included with the data set file; please carefully review this information to familiarize yourself with the data (Note: This information will be used in Assignment #2 to describe the dataset). Step #2: Develop descriptive statistics data analysis plan. ➢ Task 1: Develop scenario. Imagine that you are head of a
- 29. household and have to determine a household budget plan based on the data available from the dataset. For instance, you are a 35 year old single parent with a high school diploma and one child. ➢ Task 2: Select variables for analysis that match the scenario developed in Task 1.The data set provides information on household consumption; there are socioeconomic variables and expenditures variables. The socioeconomic variable names start with “SE-” and the expenditure variable names start with a “USD;” all expenditures are in US dollars. All students must use income as one variable. Select two additional socioeconomic variables (one qualitative and one quantitative) and two expenditures for your analysis that match the scenario you developed for Task 1. For instance, using the example scenario of a 35 year old single parent with a high https://www.bls.gov/cex/ https://www.bls.gov/cex/ https://www.bls.gov/cex/ https://www.bls.gov/cex/ https://www.bls.gov/cex/ https://www.bls.gov/cex/ https://www.bls.gov/cex/
- 30. https://www.bls.gov/cex/ https://www.bls.gov/cex/ https://www.bls.gov/cex/ STAT200: Written Assignment #1 - Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Plan - Instructions Page 2 of 4 school diploma and one child, you could select “income,” “education,” and “number of children” as socioeconomic variables and then pick two household expenditure items to show the distribution of costs and compare that with your income. When selecting variables, think about the following three questions: o Why am I choosing these variables? o What interests me about these variables? o What do I think will be the outcome? ➢ Task 3: Determine appropriate measures of central tendency and dispersion for the selected variables. For each quantitative variable, select at least one measure of central tendency and at least one measure of dispersion (Please see below table for list of measures). For the qualitative
- 31. variable, select one measure of central tendency. When determining the measures of central tendency and dispersion, think about what is appropriate given the level of measurement and type of variable. Recommend referring to the text and information posted in our LEO classroom to help with this task (Note: you will use this information to provide a rationale for your choice of measures). Measures of Central Tendency Measures of Dispersion ● Mean ● Mode ● Median ● Range ● Sample Standard Deviation ● Variance ➢ Task 4: Determine appropriate graph and/or table for each of the selected variables. Select one graph or table for each variable (Please see below table for list of graphs and tables). When determining the graphs and tables, think about what is appropriate given the level of measurement and type of variable. Recommend referring to the
- 32. text and information posted in our LEO classroom to help with this task (Note: you will use this information to provide a rationale for your choice of graphs and/or tables). Types of Graphs Types of Tables ● Pie Chart ● Bar Chart ● Histogram ● Box Plots (also known as Box-and-Whiskers Plot) ● Frequency Table ● Relative Frequency Table ● Grouped Frequency Table STAT200: Written Assignment #1 - Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Plan - Instructions Page 3 of 4 Step #3: Complete the “Assignment #1: Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Plan Template.” Remember, you will not be conducting any statistical analysis, drawing any graphs, or compiling any tables for the first assignment. Rather, you need to wait for feedback from your instructor on this assignment and use that feedback to complete Assignment #2.
- 33. Here are the main sections for this assignment (i.e., completing the plan template): ✓ Identifying Information. Fill in information on name, class, instructor, and date. ✓ Scenario. In this section, briefly (2-3 sentences) describe the scenario you developed in Step #2, Task 1. ✓ Complete Table 1: Variables Selected for the Analysis. Enter information the variables selected for analysis in Step #2, Task 2. For each selected variable be sure to include its: name as listed in the data set, description, and variable type. ✓ Reason(s) for Selecting the Variables and Expected Outcome(s): In this section, for each selected variable, please answer the following questions: ✓ Why did I choose this variable? ✓ What interests me about this variable? ✓ What do I think will be the outcome? ✓ Complete Table 2. Numerical Summaries of the Selected Variables. Enter information on selected measures of central tendency and dispersion for each selected variable. Be sure to
- 34. briefly explain why you choose those measurements. Note: The information for the required variable, “Income,” has already been completed and can be used as a guide for completing information on the remaining variables. ✓ Complete Table 3. Type of Graphs and/or Tables for Selected Variables. Enter information on selected graph and/or table for each selected variable. Be sure to briefly explain why you choose those measurements. Note: The information for the required variable, “Income,” has already been completed and can be used as a guide for completing information on the remaining variables. Assignment Submission: Name the file that contains your completed “Assignment #1: Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Plan Template” using the following format: “Assignment1-StudentLastName.” STAT200: Written Assignment #1 - Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Plan - Instructions Page 4 of 4
- 35. Then, submit the file via the Assignments area in the LEO classroom in the “Assignment #1: Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Plan” folder and wait for your instructor’s feedback. Grading Rubric for Written Assignment #1 Scenario and Selection of Related Variables ● Clear description of scenario ● Selected variables and reasons are appropriate for the scenario. 20% Selection of Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion For each variable: ● Appropriate measures selected. ● Rationale is provided and appropriate. 30% Selection of Graphs and/or Tables For each variable: ● Appropriate measures selected. ● Rationale is provided and appropriate.
- 36. 30% Writing Quality: Completes all sections of template. Writes clearly, concisely, and with few errors. 20%