This document provides an action plan for a unit that teaches about cause and effect texts, identifying cause and effect phrases, sequencing items, adjective + to + infinitive expressions, and vocabulary related to water and manufacturing processes. The unit will teach students to understand cause and effect and informative texts, identify cause and effect phrases, sequence items, understand adjective + to + infinitive expressions, and understand vocabulary related to water and manufacturing processes. The document is repeated twice.

1. Block 3Block 3 Unit 8 H2OUnit 8 H2O
Action PlanAction Plan
In this unit, you will learn:In this unit, you will learn:
• To understand cause and effect and informativeTo understand cause and effect and informative
texts.texts.
• To identify cause and effect phrases.To identify cause and effect phrases.
• To sequence items.To sequence items.
• To understand adjective + to + infinitiveTo understand adjective + to + infinitive
expressions.expressions.
• To understand vocabulary related to water andTo understand vocabulary related to water and
manufacturing processes.manufacturing processes.
Action PlanAction Plan
In this unit, you will learn:In this unit, you will learn:
• To understand cause and effect and informativeTo understand cause and effect and informative
texts.texts.
• To identify cause and effect phrases.To identify cause and effect phrases.
• To sequence items.To sequence items.
• To understand adjective + to + infinitiveTo understand adjective + to + infinitive
expressions.expressions.
• To understand vocabulary related to water andTo understand vocabulary related to water and
manufacturing processes.manufacturing processes.
5
min.

2. 6
min.
water boat car wash fishing
bathing irrigation dam tank

3. LessonLesson AA Water, water, waterWater, water, water
3
min.
a. Moisture is very small drops of water in the air or on a surfase.
b. A dam is large concrete wall built across a river which stops
the water flowing and creates a lake.
c. When a liquid evaporates, it changes from a liquid to a gas
because it gets hotter.
d. An aquifer is a layer of rock under the ground which contains
watter.
e. The irrigation of land refers to supplying it with water in order
to help crops to grow.
f. The atmosphere is the layer of air and gases around the
earth.
g. A glacier is a large river of ice that moves very slowlydown a
mountain.
h. A flood is a sudden increase in surfase water that covers an
area that is usually dry.
Vocabulary Water
Complete the definitions with words from the box. Then listen and check your
answers.
moisture
atmosphere
dam
glacier
evaporates
flood
aquifer
irrigation

4. Listening
a. Discuss how much water these activities use. Then write your
ideas.
Using the toilet: 8 liters
Taking a bath: 100 liters
Having a shower: 75-150 liters
Cooking a meal: 10-30 liters
Washing hands: 5-10 liters
Washing clothes: 50-100 liters
Washing dishes: 50-90 liters
Watering plants: 3-5 liters
b. Listen and check your answers. Then discuss the answers with a
partner.
6
min.

5. Pre-reading
a.- Look at the title of the article on page 89. Predict what you think the article
will be about.
Save water, save our planetSave water, save our planet
b.- Quickly read the article on the next page. Then answer the questions.
Skim 1. What is the article about? Managing water resources carefully
Scan 2. What percentage of the world surface is water? 71%
3. How much water does an average Mexican use every
week? About 1,890 liters
4. What percentage of Mexico’s water is at least a little polluted?
50%
5. What percentage of Mexico’s water is from surface water?
67%
6
min.

6. 1. Water makes up c a. many changes to rivers.
2. Cutting down trees can f b. much by humans.
3. Using all the water in rivers has led to e c. most of the Earth’s surface.
4. Humans are using d d. too much water.
5. Building towns and cities has resulted in a e. them running dry.
6. The water cycle cannot be changed b f. cause other plants to die.
6
min.
Comprehension Match the phrases to make sentences

7. Skills work Noticing causes and effects
Some texts are about how factors affect each other. They may examine the
reasons why something happended (the causes), or they may examine what
happens because of something else (the effects). Being able to identify the
difference between causes and effects is an important reading skill.
Look at the examples of causes and effects:
Cause Effect
We use too much water, so we are running out of it.
Higher temperature lead to more evaporation.
Effect Cause
We are running out of water because we use to much of it.
More evaporation is a result of higher temperatures.
5
min.

8. a. Underline the causes.
1. Aquifers are being
overused,which causes them to
go dry.
2. Mismanagement of the
environment can lead to
changes to our water resources.
3. Clouds are a result of moisture
cooling in the atmosphere.
4. There will be more evaporation
because of higher temperatures.
5. Irrigation projects remove water
from rivers, which can cause
rivers to run dry.
6. Ice melts into the sea because of
global warming.
5
min.

9. b. Underline the effects.
1. Paul was careful with his expenses so he saved money.
2. Using less water will be a result of changing attitudes and
habits.
3. The buses didn’t run because of the heavy rain.
4. Bad eating habits can lead to poor nutrition.
5. Many people are buying electric cars so they can be
envirinmentally friendly.
6. Poor water management
results in a poor environmment.
5
min.
In Mexico
What problems are there with water resources in Mexico?

10. Language work Connectives for cause and effect
Study the cause and effect phrases. Then complete the sentences below with
the correct phrases.
1. Losing only I percent of your body’s water can cause you to be thirsty.
2. Drinking salt water results in severe sicknees.
3. Thirty percent of the world’s water-related deaths are brought about by diseases
caused by poor sanitation.
4. Drinking too much water leads to you poisoning your body and making yourself sick.
5. Headaches and general ill-health can be caused by not drinking enough water.
6. If water contains only 0.1 percent salt, it causes water to be too salty to drink.
7. Effective water usage results from good government policies.
8. Ice can float on water as the result of it being 9 percent lighter than water from the air
it contains.
5
min.
Causes → Effects Effects → Causes
Overusing water leads to water shortages.
causes
results in
brings about
Water shortages result from overusing water.
are caused by
are the result of
are brought about by

11. Writing Complete the paragraph with the correct cause
and effect phrases.
Cause and effect in Science
Scientists try to find cause and effect
relationships. For example, the moon pulls on
the earth and (1) causes the sea level to
change, which (2) leads to flooding,
especially if there is a storm. In a similar way,
scientists can study the damage to our oceans
which results (3) from pollution (4)
caused by humans. For example, they can
measure how much dumping waste into the
oceans results (5) in of change to the natural
environment. Scientists can also see how poor
nutrition is a result (6) of poor eating habits
and see how a better diet (7) brings about
better health.
5
min.

12. When you look in a dictionary, look for word families. These
are groups of words that share the same basic meaning but
have different affixes. For example, use, user, used, useful,
uselessness are all part of the word family use. Check which
words are nouns (n), verbs (v), and adjectives (adj).
Science (n) The study of
natural things and how they
behave. Many discoveries in
science are accidents.
Scientific (adj) Scientific
research is a source of much
human knowledge.
Discover (v) If you discover
something you did not know
before, you learn about it. He
discovered an old temple.
Discovers, discovering,
discovered.
Discovery (n) I made a great
discovery this morning.Use a
dictionary
to find word
family
members
Skill Builder

13. Lesson BLesson B Water from the seaWater from the sea
Vocabulary Manufacturing processes
Complete the definitions with words from the box. Then listen and check your
answers.
1. A plant is a factory or a place for producing power.
2. Treatment Is the process of removing something you do not want from water or some
other substance.
3. A vacuum is a place that is completely empty, whit no air.
4. If a company supplies something ,it provides it for others who need it .
5. We use a filter to remove things we do not want from liquids.
6. Steam is the gas that water turns into a temperature of 100°C.
7. Pressure is the effect that occurs when a force is applied on a surface.
8. Heating something means making it hotter.
6
min.
plant supply filter treatment
pressure vacuum steam heating

14. Speaking Discuss the questions with a partner.
1. Do you usually drink boiled water or bottled water?
2. Do you know any ways to make water clean so you can drink it?
3. What places in Mexico don’t have sufficient water?
4. What are some ways we can get extra water?
6
min.
I usually
drink…
We can make
clean water
by…-ing…

15. Pre-reading
a. Look at the title of the article on the page 93. Predict what you think the
article will be about.
Water for our future: A report onWater for our future: A report on
West Water’s desalination plantsWest Water’s desalination plants
a. Quickly read the article on the page 93. Then answer the questions.
Skim 1. What is the article about? Making salt water in to drinking
Scan 2. Who is the author of this text? West water
3. Who is this text for? West water’s customers
4. How many steps are there in the process of creating fresh water? Seven
5. What percentage of the world’s water is not in the oceans? 25%
6
min.

16. 1. F A desalination plant turns fresh water into seawater.
2. T West water in planning to star a desalination plant.
3. F Desalination is a very cost-effective way to make water.
4. T A major factor is that the seawater needs to be treated.
5. T Desalination plants make water all year round.
Comprehension Read the sentenses and write T for
True or F for False.
6
min.

17. Skills work Identifying a sequence in a chart
a) Some texts have diagrams to show the process of something.
Look at the diagram on page 93 and put the following sentences
in order of the process A to H.
1. F The salt waste water is thrown away.
2. C The water enters a high pressure pump.
3. E Salt is removed from the water.
4. A Salt water is taken from the sea.
5. H the fresh water enters the water supply.
6. B The water is cleaned.
7. D The water is forced through filters.
8. G The fresh water is cleaned and treated.
6
min.

18. b) Read the text and look at the diagram. Then write the letters in the
correct places.
When processing seawater with a distillation process, first the water is cleaned.
Then it is heated in a vacuum to 85º (as it is in a vacuum it reaches boiling point at
a lower temperature, thus saving energy) to create steam. As the steam is treated
before putting it into the water supply system.
6
min.
1. I 2. E 3. J 4. G 5. C 6. F 7. A 8. H 9. D 10.B
1 2 4 109
86
75
a. cooling b. water supply c. steam d. post-treatment
e. pre-treatment f. waste saltwater g. vacuum h. fresh
water
i. seawater j. heating
3

19. Lenguaje work Adjective + to + infinitive
Study the examples of adjective + to + infinitive. Then complete the sentences
below with one adjective and one verb from each box.
It’s expensive to turn sea water into fresh water.
It’s difficult to transport the water far from the coast.
It’s hard to pass this test.
10
min.
great normal important kind
difficult necessary fun hard
see turn give eat
drink find be play
1. It’s very difficult to turn seawater into fresh water.
2. I love playing soccer. It’s fun/great to play with my friends. We have such a good
time.
3. It’s hard to find time to study because of my part-time job. I’m just too busy.
4. How are you? It’s great to see you again.
5. It’s important/necessary to drink enough water every day.
6. I think it’s necessary/important to eat healthy foods and have a healthy lifestyle.
7. Thank you. It’s so kind of you to give me this present.
8. It’s normal for him to be late for class. He always gets up late.

20. Writing Complete each sentence with one adjective from the box.
6
min.
expensive unhappy important happy difficult
necessary
Desalination plants cause mixed emotions. Some people are (1) happy to
have a desalination plant near them because they can get fresh water.
They think it is (2) important to creatte jobs in their area. Other people are
(3) unhappy to see the desalination plant because it has a lot of waste
water and it is (4) necessary to find a palce to put it safely. They also say
that it is (5) expensive to a build a desalination plant and it is (6) difficult
to find a good place to put it.
Cause and effect paragraphs can be organized in two ways. There can be
many causes for one effect, or many effects from one cause. Compare the
following:
Many causes lead to one effect.
Poor economy; sales were bad; no new products; no investment → the company went out
of business.
One cause leads to many effects.
A bad storm → airports were closed; many buildings were damaged; heavy rainfall.
Cause and
effect
paragraphs

21. Real-life Reading Reading the signs and answers the questions.
1. Which of these signs warn you about danger or injury? 2,3,5,7
2. Which of these signs suggest that you put something on? 3
3. Which of these signs suggest that you should stop here? 6,7,9
4. Which of these signs suggest that you drive carefully? 8
5. Which of these are about the danger of fire? 1,4,5
8
min.
PLEASE HELP
PROTECT
YOUR PLANT
DEPOSIT
LIGHTED
CIGARETTES
HERE
DANGER
HARD HATS
AND
SAFETY BOOTS
MOST BE WORN
ON THIS PLACE
Danger
Under
construction
Authorized
Personal only
1 2 3 4
5
6
7 8
9
EXPLOSIVE GAS
NO SMOKING

22. My Learning Experience
Look at the list of language objectives in the unit. Draw ,  or .
6
min.
Closing Task
Look at the pictures on pages 86 and 87. Discuss the questions.
1. What are some advantages and disadvantages of living near
a lake, a river, or the ocean?
1. What are some ways to use water carefully and efficiently?
2. What are five ways that you can use less water?
Language Agree?
I can read cause and effect and informative text.
I can identify causes and effects phrases.
I can sequence items.
I can understand adjective + to + inifinitive expressions.
I can understand vocabulary related to water and
manufacturing processes.

23. Word Builder Prefixes: mis- and re-
a.Study the examples of the prefixes mis- and re-. Then rewrite the words in the
columns below with the correct words.
mis- (do something badly) re- (do something again)
management → mismanagement cycle → recycle
read → misread new → renew (renewable)
understand → misunderstand use → reuse
lead → mislead appear → reappear
use → misuse write → rewrite
spell → misspell discover → rediscover
b. Complete the sentences with words from a.
1.Desalination plants should try to use renewable energy sources.
2.You’re not using that world carrectly. You’re misusing it.
3.I’m sorry, this homework is not good enouh. Please rewrite it.
4.When he got out of hospital he rediscovered his old energy.
5.The company was very badly mismanaged. It nearly went out of business.
6.I’m sorry. Did I misunderstand? I wasn’t listening properly.
8
min.

24. My Dictionary
Write the words in English.
Look for them in the unit.
Spanish English
abastecer, proveer to supply
atmósfera atmosphere
causa cause
ciclo del agua water cycle
conduce a leads to
costa coast
ecosistema ecosytem
efecto effect
filtro filter
reserve reserve
resulta en results in
riesgo irrigation
subir rise
superficie surface
sustentable sustentable
tratamiento teatment
vacío vacuum
vapor steam
10
min.

25. Fuentes
Bibliográficas:
Chapman, J. (2009). Sequences, Teacher’s Resource Book 5. México: Heinle
Cengage Learning.
Waring, R., Woodall, P. y Thomlinson, J. (2009). Sequences, Student Book 5.
México: Heinle Cengage Learning.
Electrónicas:
http://images.google.es/images?
gbv=2&hl=es&sa=1&q=water&aq=f&oq=&start=0
Elaborado por: Ing. Sonia Margarita Osuna RodríguezElaborado por: Ing. Sonia Margarita Osuna Rodríguez