The document summarizes several terrestrial ecosystems including tundra, grasslands, tropical rainforests, forests, and deserts. It then discusses aquatic ecosystems such as marine ecosystems like coral reefs and the open ocean, as well as freshwater ecosystems including rivers/streams, lakes/ponds, and wetlands. Each ecosystem is briefly characterized by its location, climate, dominant plant and animal species.

1. 5 Ecosystems
José Ángel.

2. THE EARTH’S TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
• Tundra:
Is the coldest ecosystem on Earth and it is also very dry. It is located in
the land areas near the North Pole.
-Characteristic: Is the absence of trees. There are mosses and some
grasses.
-Fauna typical are reindeers, arctic foxes, polar bears and white wolves.

3. • Grassland:
Grassland are flat areas dominated by grasses.
-Savannahs (tropical areas).
-Temperate grasslands (colder regions).
Animals -> Elephant, giraffes, zebras, lions, coyotes, wolves, bison prairie
dogs, gazellas, antelopes.

4. • Tropical rainforest:
Forest in tropical areas are warn and wet.
-Flora (plants): Evergreen trees, orchids , ferns .
-Fauna (animals): Snakes, monkeys, jaguars, insects, many birds (parrot,
tucan).

5. • Forests:
-Coniferous forests cold areas evergreen trees and animals like brown
bears, deer and foxes.
-Temperate deciduous forests trees which lose their leaves every winter,
such as oak, beech and maple and animals like squirrels, rodents and
wild boar.
- Mediterranean forest surrounding areas of the mediterranean. Sea
Cork oaks, holm oaks, thyme and Rosemary.
Fauna: eagles, foxes, lynx and rodents.

6. • Desert:
The driest and hottest places on Earth.
Temperatures are very high during the day but low at night.
Examples include:
Cacti, small bushes, lizards, snakes, camels and scorpions.

7. AQUATIC AND ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEMS
• Marine
-Coral reefs: richest ecosystems in number of species.
-Open ocean: It is the largest ecosystem on earth , whales
and dolphins are some of the species open ocean.
-Shoreline: It is the place where the sea meets land. Animals
and plants adapted to the strong tides and waves.

8. • Freshwater
-Flowing water.
Rivers and streams: many animals live in flowing freshwater ecosystems.
Crocodiles ,turtles , and frogs.
-Standing water
Lakes and ponds: fish, tadpoles and ducks live in lakes and ponds.
Wetlands: are areas where freshwater covers the soil.Have a rich
biodiversity including and amazing number of bird species.