This document provides information about the physical geography of Spain and Europe. It describes the mountain ranges, river systems, and inland relief of Spain and Europe. For Spain, it outlines the major mountain chains that divide the central plateau region and details the rivers that flow into the Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, and Cantabrian Sea. For Europe, it distinguishes between old mountain chains and young mountain chains, and notes the major rivers that drain into the Atlantic, Baltic/North Seas, and Caspian/Black Seas.

1. Unit 4
Spain and the
European continent

3. The brown areas are mountains.
The dark brown areas represent
the highest mountains. The
highest mountains on the Iberian
Peninsula are separated from the
Meseta central.
Spain has two groups of Islands:
The Balearic Islands in the
Mediterranean Sea and
The Canary Islands in
The Atlantic Ocean.

4. The green areas represent coastal
areas and river valleys.
The Iberian Peninsula has two great
river valleys: The Guadalquivir and the Ebro.
The yellow and orange areas
show the Meseta Central. These are
The high plains in the inland part
of the Iberian Peninsula.

5. Mountains surrounding
the Meseta
The Sistema Ibérico and
the cordillera Cantábrica
are the highest mountains
that surround the
Meseta in the north.

6. Sierra Morena is at the foot of the
Submeseta Sur. It is a mountain chain
with mild relief.

7. Mountains dividing The Meseta
The Sistema Central divides the Meseta
in half. It is made up of many mountain
ranges like Guadarrama in northern
Madrid.

8. Mountains outside the Meseta.
The highest mountain chains on the
Iberian Peninsula are outside the
Meseta. They are the Sistemas Béticos
and the Pyrennes.

9. RIVERS OF SPAIN

10. RIVERS OF SPAIN
Rivers on the Iberian Peninsula can flow into the Cantabrian Sea,
The Mediterranean Sea or the Atlantic Ocean. Some are tributaries
because they are rivers that flow into another river.

12. Rivers flowing into the Cantabrian Sea
they start in the Cordillera Cantábrica.
The main rivers are the Bidasoa, the Nalón
and its tributary, the Narcea.

13. Rivers flowing into the Mediterranean Sea.
The rivers Ebro starts in the Cordillera
Cantábrica and it is very large. It collects
water from its many tributaries that
Start in the Pyrenees or the Sistema
Ibérico.
The river Segura, Júcar and Turia start
In the Sistemas Béticos and the Sistema
Ibérico. They are not very large. The
River Turia flows into Valencia

14. Rivers flowing into the Atlantic Ocean
The river Miño and its tributary the Sil
star in the Cordillera Cantábrica. They
are not very large.
The river Duero, Tajo, Guadiana and
Guadalquivir star and go through
Inland Spain.The Tajo is the Longest
on the Peninsula and flows into Lisbon, in
Portugal.

15. MOUNTAINS
AND
RIVERS
OF
EUROPE

16. The inland relief of Europe has three main Characteristics:
The Great European Plain, old mountains chains
and young mountains chains.

17. Mountains chains
Old mountain chains. These mountains
are lower and more eroded. The most
important ones are the Ural Mountains,
The Massif Central and the Scandinavian
Mountains.

18. Young mountain chains
The most important ones are the Pyrenees,
The Alps and the Caucasus, which has the
highest mountain on the continent, the
Elbrus

20. Rivers and the seas they flow into
Rivers flowing into the Atlantic Ocean.
These are most of the major rivers of
Spain, like the rivers Duero, Tajo or
Guadalquivir; and France, like the rivers
Garonne and Loire.

21. Rivers flowing into the Baltic and North Seas.
They pass through the Great European
Plain. The most famous ones are the rivers
Vistula, Oder, Elbe and Rhine.

22. Rivers flowing into the
Caspian and Black Seas.
The longest river in Europe,
the Volga, flows into the
Caspian Sea. The river
Danube flows into the Black
Sea.

23. EUROPEAN
COUNTRIES
AND THEIR
CAPITALS

24. What is the capital of …………?
The capital of………is……

25. The capital of………is……