The document discusses various input/output functions in C programming like printf(), scanf(), gets(), puts(), getchar(), putchar(), getc(), putc(), getch(), getche() along with format specifiers and escape sequences. It provides examples of using these functions to take input from and display output to the user. It also covers topics like reading strings, single characters, addresses of variables, and defining symbolic constants.

1. Dinesh Maharjan, 2022
Programming in C
Input Output
Instructor: Dinesh Maharjan
2022

9. #include<stdio.h>
void main(){
printf("Name:tt "Dinesh"");
printf("nMobile No:tt 9841429635");
printf("nSection: tt D");
printf("a");
printf("n");
printf("HellorNepal");
}
Escape Sequence

16. Place Holder Data Type Displayed
%i , %d int, long, short, char,
unsigned int
Decimal Value, ASCII
value
%u Unsigned int Decimal Value
%o Int Octal Value
%x, %X Int Hexadecimal
%f Float Float value with zeros
%g %G Float, Double Float value with no zeros
%e, %E Float, Double Float in exponent
%lf Double Double value
%c Char Single character
%s Array of Character String

17. #include<stdio.h>
void main(){
printf("Decimal No =%5d",123);
printf("nOctal No =%5o",123);
printf("nHex No =%5x",123);
printf("nFloat with g =%5g",123.456);
printf("nFloat with f =%5f",123.4560);
printf("nFloat with f =%5.1f",123.4560);
printf("nFloat with lf =%5lf",123.456);
printf("nFloat with e =%5e",123.456);
printf("nSingle Char = %5c",'A');
printf("nString %5s","Hello");
}
printf
Decimal No = 123
Octal No = 173
Hex No = 7b
Float with g =123.456
Float with f =123.456000
Float with f =123.5
Float with lf =123.456000
Float with e =1.234560e+002
Single Char = A
String Hello

18. #include<stdio.h>
void main(){
int a=45;
int *ptr=&a;
unsigned int b=56;
printf("Address of a in decimal =%dn",&a);
printf("Address of a in hexadecimal =%xn",&a);
printf("Content of pointer =%p",ptr);
printf("Decimal No =%d",b);
}
Address of Variable

29. • Single character
• #include<stdio.h>
• void main(){
• char ch;
• ch=getchar();
• putchar(ch);
• }
getchar(), putchar()

30. • When we use %s for scanf,
it only scans string before
white space
• White spcace can be space,
tab or new line
scanf() for string
#include<stdio.h>
void main(){
char sen[50];
scanf(“%s”,sen);
printf(sen);
}

31. scanf() for string
#include<stdio.h>
void main(){
char sen[50];
scanf(“%[^n]”,sen);
printf(sen);
}
• Reads data even after
white space also

32. getc() and putc()
#include<stdio.h>
void main(){
char ch;
ch=getc(stdin);
putc(ch,stdout);
}
• Reads single
character from
specified source
• Write single
character to specified
resource

33. getch()
#include<stdio.h>
void main(){
char ch;
ch=getch();
putchar(ch);
}
• Non standard function
• Not part standard C
• Defined in conio.h
• getch() reads a single
character without enter
• It does not echo the
input character.

34. getche()
#include<stdio.h>
void main(){
char ch;
ch=getche();
putchar(ch);
}
• Non standard function
• Not part standard C
• Defined in conio.h
• getche() reads a single
character without enter
• It echos the input
character.

35. gets() and puts()
#include<stdio.h>
void main(){
char sen[50];
gets(sen);
puts(sen);
}
• gets() can read
sentence.
• puts() can write
sentence.

40. Symbolic Constant
#include<stdio.h>
#define PI 3.14
void main(){
double r,area,peri;
puts("Enter the radius");
scanf("%lf",&r);
area=PI*r*r;
peri=2*PI*r;
printf("Area =%.2f",area);
printf("nPerimeter=%.2f",peri);
}