This document contains C programming code examples and exercises provided by Vikram Neerugatti, an assistant professor. It includes multiple code snippets demonstrating various programming concepts like data types, operators, control structures, functions, arrays, strings, pointers, structures and file handling. The document is divided into sections with labels like 1(A), 2(B) etc. and each section contains 1-3 code examples/exercises on different C programming topics.

1. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 1
1(A)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,temp;
printf("enter the a and b values");
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
temp=a;
a=b;
b=temp;
printf("after swapping the a and b values are %d and %d",a,b);
getch();
}
1(B)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, j, num, isprime;
printf("enter any number to print prime");
scanf("%d",&num);
printf("all prime factors of %d are:",num);
for(i=2;i<=num;i++)
{
if(num%i==0)
{
isprime=1;
for(j=2;j<=i/2;j++)
{
if(i%j==0)
{
isprime=0;
break;
}
}
if(isprime==1)
{
printf("%d",i);
}
}
}
getch();
}

2. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 2
1(C)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n;
float x, y, pi=3.14;
printf("enter cosine value");
scanf("%d", &n);
x=(n*pi)/180;
y=cos(x);
printf("the value of cos is %f is %f",x,y);
getch();
}
2(A)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n, sum=0,d;
clrscr();
printf("Enter any integer:");
scanf("%d", &n);
while(n>0)
{
d=n%10;
sum=sum+d;
n=n/10;
}
printf("sum of individual digits is %d",sum);
getch();
}
2(B)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a=0,b=1,c,n,i;
clrscr();
printf("Enter no. of terms:");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("The Fibonacci sequence is:");
printf("%d%d", a,b);
for(i=3;i<=n;i++)

3. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 3
{
c=a+b;
printf("%d",c);
a=b;
b=c;
}
getch();
}
2(C)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, j, n, count=0;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the limit:");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("The prime numbers are:");
for(i=2;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
if(i%j==0)
count++;
}
if(count==2)
printf("%dt", i);
}
getch();
}
3(A)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float fh, cl;
int choice;
printf("n1. convert temperature from fahrenheit to celcius");
printf("n2. convert temperature from celsius to fahrenheit");
printf("n enter your choice");
scanf("%d",&choice);
if(choice==1)
{
printf("n enter temperature in fahrenheit");

4. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 4
scanf("%f",&fh);
cl=(fh-32)/1.8;
printf("temperature in celsius is %2f", cl);
}
else if(choice==2)
{
printf("n enter temperature in celsius");
scanf("%f",&cl);
fh=(cl*1.8)+32;
printf("temperature in fahrenheit is %2f",fh);
}
else
{
printf("n invalid choice");
}
getch();
}
3(B)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, j, n;
printf("enter the pyramid range");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n-i;j++)
{
printf(" ");
}
for(j=0;j<i;j++)
{
printf("%4d",i);
}
printf("n");
}
getch();
}
3(C)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{

5. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 5
int i, j, s, r, c=1;
printf("enter the number of rows");
scanf("%d",&r);
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(s=1;s<=r-i;s++)
{
printf(" ");
}
for(j=0;j<=i;j++)
{
if(j==0||i==0)
c=1;
else
c=c*(i-j+1)/j;
printf("%3d",c);
}
printf("n");
}
getch();
}
4(A)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
int i,n=4,x;
long int fact=1;
float sum=1;
printf("enter the x value:");
scanf("%d", &x);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
fact=fact*i;
if(i%2==0)
{
if(i==2||i==10||i==6)
sum+=-pow(x,i)/fact;
else
sum+=pow(x,i)/fact;
}
}
printf("sum is %f", sum);

6. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 6
getch();
}
4(B)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
int a, b, c;
char ch;
printf("enter your operator (+, -, *, %, /)n");
scanf("%c",&ch);
printf("enter the values of a, b");
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
switch(ch)
{
case '+':c=a+b;
printf("addition of two numbers is %d",c);
break;
case '-':c=a-b;
printf("subtraction of two numbers is %d",c);
break;
case '*':c=a*b;
printf("multiplication of two numbers is %d",c);
break;
case '%':c=a%b;
printf("remainder of a and b is %d",c);
break;
case '/':if(b==0)
printf("divide by zero errorn");
else
{
c=a/b;
printf("quotient of a and b is %d",c);
}
break;
default:
printf("invalid operator");
break;
}
getch();
}
5(A)(i)
#include<stdio.h>

7. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 7
#include<conio.h>
unsigned int factorial(int n);
void main()
{
int n,i;
long int fact;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the number: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
if(n==0)
printf("Factorial of 0 is 1n");
else
printf("Factorial of %d Using Recursive Function is %dn",n,factorial(n));
getch();
}
/* Recursive Function*/
unsigned int factorial(int n)
{
return n>=1 ? n * factorial(n-1) : 1;
}
5(A)(ii)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
unsigned int GCDRecursive(unsigned m, unsigned n);
int main(void)
{
int a,b;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the two numbers whose GCD is to be found: ");
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
printf("GCD of %d and %d Using Recursive Function is %dn",a,b,GCDRecursive(a,b));
getch();
}
/* Recursive Function*/
unsigned int GCDRecursive(unsigned m, unsigned n)
{
if(n>m)
return GCDRecursive(n,m);
if(n==0)
return m;
else
return GCDRecursive(n,m%n);
}

8. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 8
5(B)
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
/* Recursive Function*/
void hanoiRecursion( int num,char ndl1, char ndl2, char ndl3)
{
if ( num == 1 ) {
printf( "Move top disk from needle %c to needle %c.", ndl1, ndl2 );
return;
}
hanoiRecursion( num - 1,ndl1, ndl3, ndl2 );
printf( "Move top disk from needle %c to needle %c.", ndl1, ndl2 );
hanoiRecursion( num - 1,ndl3, ndl2, ndl1 );
}
void main()
{
int no;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the no. of disks to be transferred: ");
scanf("%d",&no);
if(no<1)
printf("nThere's nothing to move.");
else
printf("nRecursive");
hanoiRecursion(no,'A','B','C');
getch();
}
6(A)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
/* Main function is starting */
main()
{
/* Variable Declaration part */
int i,n,small=0,large=0;
int a[30];
/* Clearing previous output on output screen */
clrscr();
/* Giving Upper bound + 1 of the array */
printf("n Enter size of the array:");
scanf("%d",&n);
/* Array Initialization using scanf function and for loop */
printf("n Enter values in array elements:");

9. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 9
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
/* logic to find smallest element in array */
small = a[0];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(small > a[i])
small = a[i];
}
printf("n The smallest element in given array is %d",small);
/* logic to find largest element in array */
large=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(large < a[i])
large = a[i];
}
printf("n The largest element in given array is %d",large);
printf("n :End of the Main Program:");
getch();
}
6(B)(i)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
int a[10][10],b[10][10],d[10][10],n,i,j,r,c;
printf("enter no. of rows");
scanf("%d",&r);
printf("enter no. of col");
scanf("%d",&c);
printf("enter 1st matrix ele");
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("enter 2nd matrix ele");

10. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 10
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
}
printf("resultant matrix is");
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
d[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
printf("%d",d[i][j]);
}
printf("n");
}
getch();
}
6(B)(ii)
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
/* declaring function prototypes */
void init_mat (int [][10], int, int);
void print_mat (int [][10], int, int);
void add_mat (int [][10], int [][10], int [][10], int, int);
/* Main Function starting */
main()
{
int r1,r2,c1,c2;
int a[10][10],b[10][10],c[10][10];
clrscr();
/* Giving order of the Matrix - A */
printf("n Enter the order of Matrix – A:");
scanf("%d%d",&r1,&c1);
/* Giving order of the Matrix - B */
printf("n Enter the order of Matrix – B:");
scanf("%d%d",&r2,&c2);
if(r1!=r2 || c1!=c2)
{
printf("n Matrix Addition is not possible ");
getch();
exit(0);
}
else
{

11. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 11
/* Matrix - A */
printf("n Enter the elements of Matrix – A:");
init_mat(a,r1,c1);
printf("n The elements of Matrix - A");
print_mat(a,r1,c1);
/* Matrix - B */
printf("n Enter the elements of Matrix - B");
init_mat(b,r2,c2);
printf("n The elements of Matrix - B");
print_mat(b,r2,c2);
/* Function call to Matrix addition logic */
add_mat(a,b,c,r1,c1);
/* Matrix after addition */
printf("n The elements of Matrix - C after addition of A & B");
print_mat(c,r1,c1);
}
getch();
}
/* Function for two dimensional array initialization */
void init_mat(int mat[][10],int r,int c)
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&mat[i][j]);
}
}
}
/* Function for printing element in Matrix form */
void print_mat(int mat[][10],int r, int c)
{
int i,j;
printf("n");
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
printf(" %d ",mat[i][j]);
}
printf("n");
}
}
/* function for matrix addition logic */
void add_mat(int a[][10],int b[][10],int c[][10],int r1,int c1)
{
int i,j;

12. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 12
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c1;j++)
{
c[i][j] = a[i][j]+b[i][j];
}
}
}
7(A)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>
main()
{
char str[32],strdp[32];
int mask,i;
clrscr();
printf("Enter a binary number:");
scanf("%s",str);
strcpy(strdp,str); /* creating duplicate copy */
for(i=0;i<strlen(str);i++) /* computing 1's complement */
{
if(str[i]=='1')
str[i]='0';
else
str[i]='1';
}
printf("1's complement of %s is %sn",strdp,str);
mask=1;
for(i=strlen(str)-1;i>=0;i--) /* computing 2's complement */
{
if(mask==1)
{
if(str[i]=='1')
{
str[i]='0';
mask=1;
}
else
{
str[i]='1';
mask=0;
}
}

13. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 13
}
printf("2's complement of %s is %s",strdp,str);
getch();
}
7(B)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
main()
{
char roman[30];
int deci=0;
int len,i,d[30];
clrscr();
printf("Enter a Roman numeral:");
scanf("%s",roman);
len=strlen(roman);
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
{
switch(roman[i])
{
case 'M': d[i]=1000; break;
case 'D': d[i]= 500; break;
case 'C': d[i]= 100; break;
case 'L': d[i]= 50; break;
case 'X': d[i]= 10; break;;
case 'V': d[i]= 5; break;
case 'I': d[i]= 1;
}
}
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
{
if(i==len-1 || d[i]>=d[i+1])
deci += d[i];
else
deci -= d[i];
}
printf("The Decimal equivalent of Roman numeral %s is %d", roman, deci);
getch();
}
8(A)(i)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
/* Declaring function prototypes */
void ins_substr(char [], char [], int, int);

14. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 14
/* main function is starting */
main()
{
int p,n,i,j;
char str[50],substr[50];
clrscr();
/* Initializing character array */
puts("n Enter the String:");
gets(str);
fflush(stdin);
/* Entering the position where you want to insert a substrprintf("Enter the specific position
");
scanf("%d",&p);
printf("n Enter the Number of Characters:");
scanf("%d",&n);
fflush(stdin);
puts("n Enter Sub-String:");
gets(substr);
/* function call to inserting string in main string */
ins_substr(str,substr,p,n);
printf("n :: End of the main program ::");
getch();
}
/* logic to insert sub string in main string */
void ins_substr(char str[], char substr[], int p, int n)
{
int q,i,j;
q=p-1;
for(i=q,j=n;str[i]!='0';i++,j++)
substr[j]=str[i];
substr[j]='0';
for(j=0,i=q;substr[j]!='0';j++,i++)
str[i]=substr[j];
str[i]='0';
printf("n The string after inserting substring :");
puts(str);
}
8(A)(ii)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
/* declaring prototype of function */
void del_str(char [],int, int);
/* Main function starting */
main()
{
int n,p;
char str[30];

15. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 15
clrscr();
printf("n Enter the String::");
gets(str);
fflush(stdin);
printf("n Enter the position from where the characters are to be deleted:");
scanf("%d",&p);
printf("n Enter Number of characters to be deleted:");
scanf("%d",&n);
/* function call to deletion of n-characters */
del_str(str,p,n);
printf("::End of the Main program::");
getch();
}
/* function call to Logic of delete n-characters from string */
void del_str(char str[],int p, int n)
{
int i,j;
for(i=0,j=0;str[i]!='0';i++,j++)
{
if(i==(p-1))
{
i=i+n;
}
str[j]=str[i];
}
str[j]='0';
/* the string after deletion */
puts(" The string after deletion of characters::");
puts(str);
}
8(B)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
/* Main function definition */
main()
{
int i,n,j,len=0;
char str[30];
clrscr();
printf("n Enter String:");
gets(str);
/* logic to checking string for palindrome */
for(i=0;str[i]!='0';i++)
len++;
printf("n The length of the string is %d",len);
for(i=0,j=len-1;str[i]!='0';i++,j--)
{

16. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 16
if(str[i]!=str[j])
{
printf("n :The given string is not a palindrome:");
getch();
exit(0);
}
}
printf("n :the given string is palindrome:");
getch();
}
9(A)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>
/* main function is starting */
main()
{
int i,j,n;
char s[40],t[40];
clrscr();
printf("n Enter the string:");
gets(s);
fflush(stdin);
printf("n Enter the sub string:");
gets(t);
/* logic to search sub string */
i=0;
j=0;
while( s[i] != '0')
{
if((s[i] == t[j]) && (s[i+1] == t[j+1]))
break;
if(i==strlen(s))
{
printf("-1");
getch();
exit(0);
}
i++;
}
j=0;
n=i;
while(t[j] != '0')
{
if(s[i] == t[j])
{
i++;

17. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 17
j++;
}
else
{
printf("-1");
getch();
exit(0);
}
}
printf("n The string is found at %d",n+1);
getch();
}
9(B)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char s[100];
int i,l=0,c=0,w=0;
clrscr();
puts("enter a string");
scanf("%[^#]s",s);
for(i=0;s[i]!='0';i++)
{
c=c+1;
if(s[i]==' '||s[i]=='n')
w=w+1;
if(s[i]=='n')
l=l+1;
}
printf("the number of characters in a given text is %dn",c);
printf("the number of words in a given text is %dn",w+1);
printf("the number of lines in a given text is %dn",l+1);
getch();
}
10
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
struct comp
{
int real,img;
};
struct comp a,b,c;
void read();
void write();

18. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 18
void add();
void mul();
void main()
{
int ch;
clrscr();
printf("enter choicen1.addition of two complex numbersn2. multiplication of two complex
numbersn");
scanf("%d",&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
read();
add();
write();
break;
case 2:
read();
mul();
write();
break;
default:
printf("invalid choice");
}
getch();
}
void read()
{
printf("enter real and imaginary part of first complex number");
scanf("%d%d",&a.real,&a.img);
printf("enter real and imaginary part of second complex number");
scanf("%d%d",&b.real,&b.img);
}
void write()
{
printf("the resultant complex number is %d+%di",c.real,c.img);
}
void add()
{
c.real=a.real+b.real;
c.img=a.img+b.img;
}
void mul() //(a+bi)(c+di)=(ac-bd)+(ad+bc)i//
{
c.real=a.real*b.real-a.img*b.img;
c.img=a.real*b.img+a.img*b.real;
}
11(A)

19. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 19
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char ch;
FILE *fp;
fp=fopen("8a.c","r");
if(fp==NULL)
printf("error reading filen");
else
while((ch=fgetc(fp))!=EOF)
printf("%c",ch);
fclose(fp);
getch();
}
11(B)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fptr1,*fptr2;
char file1[100],c;
printf("enter the file name to open for readingn");
scanf("%s",file1);
fptr1=fopen(file1,"r");
if(fptr1==NULL)
{
printf("cannot open file%s",file1);
exit(0);
}
printf("enter the filename to open for writingn");
scanf("%s",file1);
fptr2=fopen(file1,"w");
if(fptr2==NULL)
{
printf("cannot open file %sn",file1);
exit(0);
}
c=fgetc(fptr1);
while(c!=EOF)
{
fputc(c,fptr2);
c=fgetc(fptr1);

20. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 20
}
printf("contents copied to %s",file1);
fclose(fptr1);
fclose(fptr2);
return 0;
}
12(A)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <process.h>
void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char a[15];
char s[20];
char n;
int k;
int j=0;
int i;
int len;
FILE *fp;
if(argc!=3)
{
puts("Improper number of arguments.");
exit(0);
}
fp = fopen(argv[1],"r");
if(fp == NULL)
{
puts("File cannot be opened.");
exit(0);
}
k=atoi(argv[2]);
n = fread(a,1,k,fp);
a[n]='0';
len=strlen(a);
for(i=len-1;i>=0;i--)
{
s[j]=a[i];
printf("%c",s[j]);
j=j+1;
}
s[j+1]='0';
getch();
}
12(B)
#include <stdio.h>

21. C Programming Laboratory
Vikram Neerugatti, Assistant Professor, SVCET, Chittoor Page 21
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fs1,*fs2,*ft;
char ch, file1[20], file2[20], file3[20];
printf("Enter name of first filen");
gets(file1);
printf("Enter name of second filen");
gets(file2);
printf("Enter name of file which will store contents of two filesn");
gets(file3);
fs1 =fopen(file1,"r");
fs2 =fopen(file2,"r");
if( fs1 == NULL || fs2 == NULL )
{
perror("Error ");
printf("Press any key to exit...n");
getch();
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
ft =fopen(file3,"w");
if( ft == NULL )
{
perror("Error ");
printf("Press any key to exit...n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
while(( ch =fgetc(fs1))!= EOF )
fputc(ch,ft);
while(( ch =fgetc(fs2))!= EOF )
fputc(ch,ft);
printf("Two files were merged into %s file successfully.n",file3);
fclose(fs1);
fclose(fs2);
fclose(ft);
return 0;
}