Unit 2 types of communication
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The document outlines 12 principles of effective oral communication: 1) Being well-planned, with proper preparation of audience, topics, timing and other factors. 2) Using clear pronunciation so messages are meaningful to receivers. 3) Being brief to maintain attention and avoid losing the receiver's interest. 4) Being precise to avoid confusion and ensure clear understanding.
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The document discusses oral communication and its key aspects. Oral communication involves transmitting ideas from the sender to the receiver through various mediums and channels. Effective oral communication requires clear pronunciation, brevity, precision, a natural voice, logical sequencing of ideas, suitable word choice, courtesy, and an attractive presentation. It also involves controlling emotions and gestures and emphasizing important points. The advantages of oral communication include less chance of misunderstanding, allowing for clear language, and promoting understanding through face-to-face discussion.
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This document discusses oral communication and effective listening. It defines oral communication as expressing information or ideas through spoken word. Some key aspects of effective oral communication include clear pronunciation, preparation, unity, precision, natural voice, planning, simplicity, avoiding emotions, and appropriate vocabulary. Effective listening involves paying attention, maintaining eye contact, not interrupting, analyzing tone, and using silence appropriately. Different types of listening like discriminative, critical, biased, sympathetic and therapeutic listening are also explained. Common mediums of oral communication include face-to-face conversations, teleconferences, press conferences, and group discussions.
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Approximately 70 (and some say up to 90%) of a project manager’s time is spent communicating and over 50% of their time is spent in meetings. Of the time spent communicating, approximately 45% of the time should be spent listening and no more than 30% should be spent talking.
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· The average person gets 1 interruption every 8 minutes or approximately 7 an hour or 50-60 per day
· On an average day, there are 17 million meetings in America
· The average worker sends and receives 190 messages per day
· There will be 2 million marriages in this country this year and 1 million divorces. 95% of divorces are caused by a “lack of communication”.
· The average working person spends less than 2 minutes per day in meaningful communication with their spouse or “significant other”.
· The average working person spends less than 30 seconds a day in meaningful communication with their children.
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Communication is two-way – we transmit information for the purpose of it being received and understood. Both the sender and receiver are involved in communication! What we transmit can be affected by “noise”, meaning that the receiver of the message may have a distorted message – they may be receiving something different than what we think we sent. That might be caused by the way we are sending or by the way they are listening. To avoid misunderstandings, we need to confirm that our message was understood accurately. Noise can be caused by many factors, including language, culture, or emotion. Noise can block out a message so the information is either not heard at all or is distorted. We need to use feedback to verify that our communications are successful.
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Approximately 70 (and some say up to 90%) of a project manager’s time is spent communicating and over 50% of their time is spent in meetings. Of the time spent communicating, approximately 45% of the time should be spent listening and no more than 30% should be spent talking.
The following are interesting facts, from Dr. Don Wetmore, regarding communication:
· The average person uses 13 different ways to control and manage their time
· The average person gets 1 interruption every 8 minutes or approximately 7 an hour or 50-60 per day
· On an average day, there are 17 million meetings in America
· The average worker sends and receives 190 messages per day
· There will be 2 million marriages in this country this year and 1 million divorces. 95% of divorces are caused by a “lack of communication”.
· The average working person spends less than 2 minutes per day in meaningful communication with their spouse or “significant other”.
· The average working person spends less than 30 seconds a day in meaningful communication with their children.
Communication is important – in both our professional and personal lives!
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Project managers need to be able to communicate precise messages, where the receiving party understands the context, motive and message itself. A basic communication model helps in understanding what communication means.
Communication is two-way – we transmit information for the purpose of it being received and understood. Both the sender and receiver are involved in communication! What we transmit can be affected by “noise”, meaning that the receiver of the message may have a distorted message – they may be receiving something different than what we think we sent. That might be caused by the way we are sending or by the way they are listening. To avoid misunderstandings, we need to confirm that our message was understood accurately. Noise can be caused by many factors, including language, culture, or emotion. Noise can block out a message so the information is either not heard at all or is distorted. We need to use feedback to verify that our communications are successful.
There are various strategies for ensuring that messages are understood correctly and different strategies are needed for different types of communication channels. In face-to-face communications we can evaluate tone and voice and use body language in augment our words. While you must be careful to read cues correctly, face-to-face communications generally presents an environment where it is a bit easier to ensure your message is properly received. Consider the following:
· Email communication is 100% words (emoticons are marginally non-verbal communication)
· Telephone communication is 18% words and 82% voice tone
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Be certain to think about the communication method we use..
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The skills used by a person to properly interact with others. In the business domain,
the term generally refers to an employee's ability to get along with others while getting the job done.
Interpersonal skills include everything from communication and listening skills to attitude and deportment.
Good interpersonal skills are a requirement for many positions in an organization.
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This document discusses strategies to avoid communication breakdown. It identifies reasons for communication breakdown including when the message is not clearly understood by the receiver. Effective communication means being able to listen, understand, and act on what others say. Some strategies to avoid breakdown include becoming an engaged listener who understands emotions, using positive and appropriate language tailored to the audience, being open without judgment, giving and accepting feedback to keep communication going, and paying attention to nonverbal signals.
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This document provides strategies for improving oral presentations. It discusses what oral communication is, including formal and informal examples. Some benefits of oral communication over written include being more personal and allowing for quicker discussions. Effective oral presentation strategies include determining the purpose and audience, selecting a main idea, using research, organizing information, and creating visual aids. Types of oral presentations include short talks under 10 minutes and longer presentations from 10 minutes to 1 hour. Delivery methods include extemporaneous, reading, and memorization. Effective delivery involves varying pitch, rate, volume, and clear pronunciation. Nonverbal communication like posture, gestures, facial expressions and movement are also important.
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This document provides strategies for effective communication and avoiding conflicts. It discusses understanding the causes of communication conflicts, applying techniques like active listening and clear messaging, considering cultural differences, embracing mindful communication, and setting clear goals and expectations. The key strategies are recognizing the causes of conflicts, promoting understanding, active listening, clear concise messaging, cultural awareness, emotional intelligence, respectful language, defining objectives, agreeing on expectations, and regular check-ins.
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This document discusses several emerging trends and issues in marketing, including consumerism, rural marketing, social marketing, direct marketing, and green marketing. Consumerism aims to protect consumer interests and eliminate unfair practices. Rural marketing develops goods and services for rural customers. Social marketing creates social change rather than benefiting brands. Direct marketing seeks a specific consumer action in response to communications. Green marketing involves environmentally safe products.
Unit 5 direct marketing
Direct marketing involves sending targeted marketing materials like catalogs and mailers directly to consumers to promote products and services. It relies on databases of customer information and contact details to address specific marketing messages to audiences. The key benefits are targeting customized messages, affordability, and measurability of responses. However, challenges include the risk of annoying customers with intrusive tactics, low response rates, and potential legal issues around privacy and data protection. Some also see direct marketing practices as unfairly taking advantage of customers or invading their privacy in some cases.
Introduction to consumer behaviour
Consumer behavior is the study of how people make decisions regarding products and services. It is influenced by psychological, personal, and social factors. Understanding consumer behavior allows companies to satisfy customer needs, develop effective marketing strategies, identify new opportunities, and select target markets. As technology advances, consumers are more informed, engaged in product design, and concerned with sustainability. They also use multiple devices and have high expectations for the customer experience across online and offline channels. Stages of purchase in electronic markets include researching options before buying, evaluating quality and service during purchase, and needing support after purchase. Challenges include addressing consumer concerns over privacy, quality, and convenience on mobile apps.
Changing dynamics & sustainability in disruptive times
This document summarizes key topics around dynamics, sustainability, and disruptive times. It discusses how organizations adapted their employee relations, hiring processes, and CSR initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many moved to virtual interviews and remote work, emphasizing technical skills and self-learning. Principles of protecting employees and serving communities were prioritized over processes. Innovation helped companies survive and consumers became willing to pay more for safety. Virtual yoga, puzzles, and children's storytelling sessions helped employees engage while working remotely.
Unit 1
1) Marketing involves creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers. There are various types of marketing such as influencer marketing, relationship marketing, viral marketing, green marketing, and keyword marketing.
2) Marketing management involves conducting consumer research, determining product and distribution policies, and making promotional decisions. The marketing management process includes conducting market research, developing a marketing strategy and marketing plan, and providing feedback and control.
3) The marketing mix, also known as the 4Ps, refers to the set of controllable tactical marketing tools - product, price, place, and promotion. It is the crux of marketing and must be constantly reviewed and adapted to changes in the external environment.
Aida model
The document summarizes the AIDA model, which outlines the 4 key stages a customer goes through in their purchasing journey:
1) Attention - the customer becomes aware of a product through advertising and develops initial knowledge of its attributes;
2) Interest - the customer develops attitudes and preferences and considers the product for potential purchase;
3) Desire - the customer's interest grows into an actual need and they start imagining themselves with the product;
4) Action - the final stage where the customer takes action such as visiting a retailer or purchasing the product.
Channel conflicts
This document discusses different types of channel conflicts that can occur in distribution including vertical, horizontal, and multichannel conflicts. Vertical conflicts arise between different levels of a channel such as manufacturer and wholesaler. Horizontal conflicts are between competitors at the same level. Multichannel conflicts occur when multiple channels sell the same brand. Common causes of conflict include incompatible goals, ambiguous roles, different perceptions, and lack of communication. Managing conflicts involves subordinating goals, exchanging employees, forming trade associations, co-opting experts, and using diplomacy, mediation, arbitration, or legal action if needed.
Branding
Branding involves creating a name, logo and image for a product, service or company to attract customers. The goals of branding are to establish a presence in the market that attracts and retains loyal customers. There are several types of brands including individual products, services, organizations and personal brands. Strong brands have high awareness, loyalty and consistency. Brand equity refers to the extra value a brand gains from its recognizable name compared to generic alternatives. Brand positioning involves identifying similarities and differences to create a distinctive place for a brand in customers' minds.
Unit 3 strategic management
The document discusses various strategic management concepts including strategy formulation, levels of strategy (corporate, business, functional), types of growth strategies (concentration, diversification), retrenchment strategies (turnaround, divestment, liquidation), and combination strategies. It also discusses Porter's Diamond Model of national competitive advantage and factors that influence a nation's competitiveness such as firm strategy/rivalry, factor conditions, demand conditions, and related/supporting industries. Mergers and acquisitions are defined as ways companies can combine, with mergers integrating two companies and acquisitions involving one company purchasing another.
International human resource management
The document discusses various aspects of recruitment, selection, training and motivation in human resource management. It defines recruitment as finding qualified candidates for jobs in a timely manner. Internal recruitment sources include promotions, retirements, former employees and transfers. External sources are press advertisements, campus interviews, placement agencies and employment exchanges. Selection involves shortlisting candidates with required qualifications. Training helps employees acquire skills and knowledge for their roles and includes induction, job instruction, and refresher training. Motivation refers to factors that energize behavior and direct it toward goals, and can be classified as positive or negative, extrinsic or intrinsic, and financial or non-financial.
Unit 5
Direct marketing involves providing physical marketing materials directly to consumers to communicate information about a product or service without using internet, television, or radio advertisements. It removes the middleman from promotion. There are four key characteristics of direct marketing: 1) Using a database of customer information. 2) Addressing marketing messages directly to customers in the database. 3) Driving a specific call to action. 4) Emphasizing measurable responses and results. Types of direct marketing include face-to-face interactions, door-to-door sales, kiosk marketing, and leaflet handouts. Issues with direct marketing relate to privacy of customer data, honesty in representations, and potential customer harassment from excessive contact.
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Unit 2 types of communication
- 1. Unit 2- Types of Communication
- 5. 12 Principles of effective oral communication • Well-Planned Before presenting something, there should be proper planning regarding the audience, topics to be delivered, timing and other factors: So, a person must be well-prepared to deliver his speech. • Clear pronunciation To make oral messages meaningful to receivers, words should be clearly and correctly pronounced. There should not be any lack of clarity, otherwise, the communication would be confusing one. • Brevity Effective oral communication desires that a message should be brief. If the sender took a long time for talking, his message may not get the attention of the receiver. • Precision Precision is needed to make oral communication effective. There should not be any confusing words rather message to be delivered should be specific so that there is no misunderstanding. • Natural voice Any sort of unnatural voice may distort the message. Natural voice can do a lot to make oral communication effective. • Logical sequence Ideas should be organized in a sequential way to make the message communicative and attractive. Unorganized ideas do not provide clear sense while a logical sequence of ideas gives clear sense.
- 6. • Suitable words Words have different meanings to different people in different situations in oral communication, a speaker should use the common, simple and familiar words so that receiver can react to the message without any problem. • Courteous Courtesy costs nothing but can earn many things. So, a speaker should be courteous while addressing listeners. It helps create a good impression in the mind of listeners regarding the speaker. • Attractive presentation It is another principle to make oral communication effective. A speaker should deliver his speech in a very nice and sweet language so that receiver is attracted to take part in the communication. • Avoiding Emotions Speaker must control his emotions to make oral communication effective. Too much emotion will take the speaker away from the main subject. • Emphasis The speaker must be knowledgeable regarding the portion of the speech where he should give emphasis. Giving emphasis on respective points will help draw the attention of the audience. • Controlling Gesticulation Speaker at many occasions, consciously or unconsciously, gesticulates for expressing his ideas or thoughts. This is a habit and should be avoided. Otherwise,
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- 16. Written Communication • Written communication involves any type of message that makes use of the written word.Written communication is the most important and the most effective of any mode of businesscommunication.
- 22. THE 3X3 WRITING PROCESS FOR BUSINESS COMMUNICATION:
- 23. 3-x-3 Writing Process Prewriting Writing Revising Analyze Anticipate Adapt Research Organize Compose Edit Proofread Evaluate The writing process is recursive.
Editor's Notes
- Steps in the writing process may be rearranged, shortened, or repeated. When writing in teams: Remember, team-written documents are necessary for big projects that have short deadlines and that require the efforts of many people. Team-written documents and presentations produce better products. Teams generally work closely in Phase 1, work separately in Phase 2, and synthesize their drafts in Phase 3.