The document provides an overview of data, information, and information systems. It defines data as raw unorganized facts, while information is derived from processing and organizing data into a meaningful context. An information system is described as having inputs, processing mechanisms, outputs, and feedback. Examples are provided of different systems and how they have these core components. The value of information is discussed as being directly linked to how it helps decision making.
System Analysis and Design chap 1 to 8.docxAmdework Belay
This document provides an overview of system analysis and design. It begins with definitions of key terms like data, information, information system, end users, and information technology. It then discusses the fundamentals of information systems, describing the basic components and activities of an information system like input, processing, output, storage, and control. It also discusses organizations and how information needs to flow within an organization to help managers achieve objectives. The goal is to provide students with basic concepts about information systems and system analysis and design.
This document discusses various concepts related to management information systems including data, information, knowledge, types of information, components of information systems, control in systems, decision making, and structured vs unstructured decisions. It provides definitions and classifications for key terms and describes how management information systems support different levels of management and decision making.
This document discusses the relationship between data and information. It defines information as meaningfully interpreted data. An information system is defined as a system that gathers data and disseminates information to provide information to users. The main differences between data and information are discussed, with information being interpreted, organized data. Several techniques for collecting data and characteristics of useful information are outlined. The types of information needed at different management levels and sources of information are also summarized.
PIS Lecture notes principal of information systemsShukraShukra
This document provides an overview of an introductory course on principles of information systems. It includes the course schedule, learning objectives, and definitions of key concepts like data, information, knowledge, systems, and information systems. The lecture schedule outlines 14 classes covering topics such as strategic information systems, knowledge management, enterprise resource planning, and decision making. Definitions provided help distinguish between data, information, and knowledge. Information systems are described as sets of components that collect, process, store, and disseminate data and information to meet objectives.
An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate and disseminate data and information to meet an objective. We interact with many information systems daily both personally and professionally like ATMs, checkout systems, and the internet. Information systems turn raw data into useful information through organization and relationships. They have inputs, processing, outputs, and feedback. Computer-based information systems use hardware, software, databases, networks, people, and procedures. Organizations use different types of information systems like transaction processing, workflow, ERP, MIS, and DSS systems to support various functions and decision making.
This document provides an overview of accounting information systems. It begins by defining key terms like accounting, information, systems, and accounting information systems. It distinguishes data from information and identifies characteristics of useful information. It explains how an organization determines the value of information by comparing benefits to costs. The document describes how an accounting information system adds value through its six components: people, procedures, data, software, technology infrastructure, and controls. It provides reasons for studying accounting information systems and how they are impacted by and impact organizational culture, strategy, and information technology.
introduction to management information systems (MIS)Sujan Oli
Management Information Systems
The document discusses management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as a computer-based system used within an organization to provide information to various levels of management for decision-making. MIS has several key components, including hardware, software, people, data, and communication networks. It collects and processes organizational data and converts it into useful information for managers. The role of MIS is to supply managers with accurate, timely information needed for planning, controlling, and decision-making. An effective MIS is vital for organizational management, operations, and achieving strategic business goals.
System Analysis and Design chap 1 to 8.docxAmdework Belay
This document provides an overview of system analysis and design. It begins with definitions of key terms like data, information, information system, end users, and information technology. It then discusses the fundamentals of information systems, describing the basic components and activities of an information system like input, processing, output, storage, and control. It also discusses organizations and how information needs to flow within an organization to help managers achieve objectives. The goal is to provide students with basic concepts about information systems and system analysis and design.
This document discusses various concepts related to management information systems including data, information, knowledge, types of information, components of information systems, control in systems, decision making, and structured vs unstructured decisions. It provides definitions and classifications for key terms and describes how management information systems support different levels of management and decision making.
This document discusses the relationship between data and information. It defines information as meaningfully interpreted data. An information system is defined as a system that gathers data and disseminates information to provide information to users. The main differences between data and information are discussed, with information being interpreted, organized data. Several techniques for collecting data and characteristics of useful information are outlined. The types of information needed at different management levels and sources of information are also summarized.
PIS Lecture notes principal of information systemsShukraShukra
This document provides an overview of an introductory course on principles of information systems. It includes the course schedule, learning objectives, and definitions of key concepts like data, information, knowledge, systems, and information systems. The lecture schedule outlines 14 classes covering topics such as strategic information systems, knowledge management, enterprise resource planning, and decision making. Definitions provided help distinguish between data, information, and knowledge. Information systems are described as sets of components that collect, process, store, and disseminate data and information to meet objectives.
An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate and disseminate data and information to meet an objective. We interact with many information systems daily both personally and professionally like ATMs, checkout systems, and the internet. Information systems turn raw data into useful information through organization and relationships. They have inputs, processing, outputs, and feedback. Computer-based information systems use hardware, software, databases, networks, people, and procedures. Organizations use different types of information systems like transaction processing, workflow, ERP, MIS, and DSS systems to support various functions and decision making.
This document provides an overview of accounting information systems. It begins by defining key terms like accounting, information, systems, and accounting information systems. It distinguishes data from information and identifies characteristics of useful information. It explains how an organization determines the value of information by comparing benefits to costs. The document describes how an accounting information system adds value through its six components: people, procedures, data, software, technology infrastructure, and controls. It provides reasons for studying accounting information systems and how they are impacted by and impact organizational culture, strategy, and information technology.
introduction to management information systems (MIS)Sujan Oli
Management Information Systems
The document discusses management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as a computer-based system used within an organization to provide information to various levels of management for decision-making. MIS has several key components, including hardware, software, people, data, and communication networks. It collects and processes organizational data and converts it into useful information for managers. The role of MIS is to supply managers with accurate, timely information needed for planning, controlling, and decision-making. An effective MIS is vital for organizational management, operations, and achieving strategic business goals.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in information systems. It discusses what data, information, and knowledge are; how data is transformed into information and knowledge; characteristics of valuable information; components and types of systems; and the systems development life cycle. The document is for an introductory management information systems course and covers topics like data, information, systems, and the development of information systems.
Accounting Information Systems 13Th Chapter 1Don Dooley
This document outlines the key learning objectives for a chapter on accounting information systems. The objectives cover distinguishing data from information, explaining how information is used to make decisions, identifying information flows within an accounting system, describing major business processes and the basic functions of an accounting information system. It also covers how an accounting system can add value and how the system relates to corporate strategy and a company's value chain.
The document discusses how the changing business environment is driving organizational changes and the role of information systems. Key business drivers include globalization, competition, time-based competition, and technological innovation. Organizations are responding through business process reengineering, continuous improvement efforts, empowering employees, and becoming more customer-focused. The role of information systems is widening from basic data processing to management control, decision support, and treating information as a strategic resource. Contemporary approaches to information systems consider both technical and behavioral elements.
This document discusses concepts related to information management and information systems. It defines key terms like data, information, knowledge and intelligence. It also describes different types of data and information systems like transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems. It discusses the characteristics of valuable information and issues like information overload. Finally, it provides an overview of the systems approach to problem solving.
This document discusses the implementation of a management information system at PT Indofood, a large Indonesian food and beverage company. It describes how Indofood uses SAP software across various divisions to integrate planning, production, and distribution functions. Key benefits highlighted include improved forecasting and production planning based on detailed sales data analysis, and the ability to distribute tailored management reports across different levels of the organization. The implementation of an enterprise-wide information system is said to support Indofood's strategic goals and competitive advantage through efficient operations and responsiveness to customer demands.
MIS lecture notes by Yihune Ephrem Kassahun.pdfYihune Ephrem
The lecture notes on Management Information Systems (MIS) provide an in-depth understanding of the role of information systems in modern organizations. The notes cover a range of topics, including the basics of information systems, the types of information systems, the role of information systems in decision-making, and the impact of information systems on organizational performance.
The notes begin by introducing the concept of information systems and their importance in modern organizations. They then cover the different types of information systems, including transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems. The notes also discuss the role of information systems in decision-making, including the use of data analytics and business intelligence tools.
The lecture notes also cover the impact of information systems on organizational performance. This includes the benefits of information systems, such as increased efficiency, improved decision-making, and enhanced communication. The notes also discuss the challenges of implementing information systems, such as the need for training and support, and the potential for security breaches.
Throughout the lecture notes, real-world examples and case studies are used to illustrate the concepts and theories discussed. This helps students to understand how information systems are used in practice and how they can be applied in different organizational contexts.
Overall, the lecture notes on Management Information Systems provide a comprehensive overview of the role of information systems in modern organizations. They are an essential resource for students studying business, management, and information technology, as well as for professionals looking to enhance their knowledge and skills in this area.
The document provides an introduction to information systems. It defines an information system as a set of components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. It also defines key concepts such as data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. It then describes different types of information systems including transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems.
This document discusses the implementation of a management information system (MIS) at PT Indofood, a large Indonesian food and beverage manufacturer. It provides background on MIS and its importance for business success. It then describes PT Indofood's business operations and product portfolio. The company implemented an SAP-based MIS to integrate planning, production, inventory, and distribution functions across various product divisions. Key benefits included improved forecasting and production planning based on sales data analysis, and better coordination of inventory and distribution to match product availability with customer demand. The MIS implementation supported PT Indofood's continued growth and market leadership.
This document discusses information systems and related concepts. It defines data as raw facts while information is data that has been manipulated and given meaning and context. Computer-based information systems take data as input, process it, and produce information as output. Information systems are made up of subsystems that work together towards a common goal. The document also discusses how human-computer synergy allows large amounts of data to be efficiently processed and translated into useful information for managers and decision makers.
From Asset to Impact - Presentation to ICS Data Protection Conference 2011Castlebridge Associates
This is a presentation I delivered to the Irish Computer Society Data Protection Conference in February 2011 and again on a webinar for dataqualitypro.com in March 2011.
It looks (for what I believe was the first time) at the relationship between Information Quality and Data Governance principles and practices and the objectives of Data Protection/Privacy compliance. it includes my first version of the mapping of the 8 Data Protection principles to the POSMAD Information Life Cycle referred to by McGilvray and others in the IQ/DQ fields.
This document discusses information systems and the role of data and information. It defines data as raw facts while information is data placed in context and manipulated in some way. An information system takes data as an input, processes it, and produces useful information as an output. The document also discusses systems and subsystems, noting that information systems help managers focus on goals and operations through systems thinking. Finally, it briefly outlines some careers in information systems and ethical issues related to privacy, free speech, and inequality.
People and businesses need information for different reasons. Data is raw facts while information is data that has been organized and given context and meaning. Information systems take in data as input, process it, and provide useful information as output. A system is made up of components that work together to achieve a goal, and can be open or closed systems. The combination of human and computer capabilities in information systems allows for efficient processing of large amounts of data.
People and businesses need information for different reasons. Data is raw facts while information is data that has been organized and given context and meaning. Information systems take in data as input, process it, and provide useful information as output. A system is made up of components that work together to achieve a goal, and can be open or closed systems. The combination of human and computer capabilities in information systems allows for efficient processing of large amounts of data.
An information system is defined as a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support management decision making and control in an organization. An information system includes people, processes, data, and technology that interact to input data, process it, output information, and provide feedback. The key components of an information system are input, processing, output, storage, and feedback. A system is composed of interrelated parts working towards a common goal, and a subsystem is a system within a larger system.
The document discusses accounting information systems (AIS). It defines an AIS as a system that collects, processes, stores, and reports data and information. An AIS provides useful information to management to help with planning, execution, control and evaluation of a company's activities, resources and personnel. An effective AIS can add value by improving decision making, quality, efficiency and internal controls. The AIS plays a role in supporting a company's value chain and business strategy.
The document discusses the key concepts around information systems. It begins by outlining the 5 major components of an information system: people resources, hardware resources, software resources, data resources, and network resources. It then covers the main information processing activities: input, processing, output, storage, and control. Finally, it discusses the roles of information systems in supporting business processes, decision making, and strategies for competitive advantage.
Information systems combine hardware, software, and networks to collect, create, and distribute useful data in organizations. They process transactions, manage applications, and help people make decisions. Data on its own has no meaning, but when organized and analyzed it becomes meaningful information that supports decision making. Organizations have both open systems that share information externally and closed systems like research that keep information private. Different types of information systems support operations, management, and decision making.
This document provides an overview of information technology (IT) concepts including the functions and types of IT systems used in organizations. It discusses IT infrastructure, support organizations, and how IT can provide functions like decision support, e-learning, web conferencing, wikis, and electronic directories. It also describes enterprise systems for transaction processing, resource planning, and interorganizational information sharing. The document outlines managers' key responsibilities regarding IT, including identifying opportunities, facilitating adoption, and mitigating risks. It discusses factors influencing IT acceptance and provides examples of various IT risks organizations may face.
This document provides an overview of business information systems, including definitions of key concepts like data, information, knowledge, and the differences between them. It also describes different types of management information systems like transaction processing systems, decision support systems, group decision support systems, executive information systems, and expert systems. The document outlines the characteristics, components, benefits, and limitations of each type of information system.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in information systems. It discusses what data, information, and knowledge are; how data is transformed into information and knowledge; characteristics of valuable information; components and types of systems; and the systems development life cycle. The document is for an introductory management information systems course and covers topics like data, information, systems, and the development of information systems.
Accounting Information Systems 13Th Chapter 1Don Dooley
This document outlines the key learning objectives for a chapter on accounting information systems. The objectives cover distinguishing data from information, explaining how information is used to make decisions, identifying information flows within an accounting system, describing major business processes and the basic functions of an accounting information system. It also covers how an accounting system can add value and how the system relates to corporate strategy and a company's value chain.
The document discusses how the changing business environment is driving organizational changes and the role of information systems. Key business drivers include globalization, competition, time-based competition, and technological innovation. Organizations are responding through business process reengineering, continuous improvement efforts, empowering employees, and becoming more customer-focused. The role of information systems is widening from basic data processing to management control, decision support, and treating information as a strategic resource. Contemporary approaches to information systems consider both technical and behavioral elements.
This document discusses concepts related to information management and information systems. It defines key terms like data, information, knowledge and intelligence. It also describes different types of data and information systems like transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems. It discusses the characteristics of valuable information and issues like information overload. Finally, it provides an overview of the systems approach to problem solving.
This document discusses the implementation of a management information system at PT Indofood, a large Indonesian food and beverage company. It describes how Indofood uses SAP software across various divisions to integrate planning, production, and distribution functions. Key benefits highlighted include improved forecasting and production planning based on detailed sales data analysis, and the ability to distribute tailored management reports across different levels of the organization. The implementation of an enterprise-wide information system is said to support Indofood's strategic goals and competitive advantage through efficient operations and responsiveness to customer demands.
MIS lecture notes by Yihune Ephrem Kassahun.pdfYihune Ephrem
The lecture notes on Management Information Systems (MIS) provide an in-depth understanding of the role of information systems in modern organizations. The notes cover a range of topics, including the basics of information systems, the types of information systems, the role of information systems in decision-making, and the impact of information systems on organizational performance.
The notes begin by introducing the concept of information systems and their importance in modern organizations. They then cover the different types of information systems, including transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems. The notes also discuss the role of information systems in decision-making, including the use of data analytics and business intelligence tools.
The lecture notes also cover the impact of information systems on organizational performance. This includes the benefits of information systems, such as increased efficiency, improved decision-making, and enhanced communication. The notes also discuss the challenges of implementing information systems, such as the need for training and support, and the potential for security breaches.
Throughout the lecture notes, real-world examples and case studies are used to illustrate the concepts and theories discussed. This helps students to understand how information systems are used in practice and how they can be applied in different organizational contexts.
Overall, the lecture notes on Management Information Systems provide a comprehensive overview of the role of information systems in modern organizations. They are an essential resource for students studying business, management, and information technology, as well as for professionals looking to enhance their knowledge and skills in this area.
The document provides an introduction to information systems. It defines an information system as a set of components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. It also defines key concepts such as data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. It then describes different types of information systems including transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems.
This document discusses the implementation of a management information system (MIS) at PT Indofood, a large Indonesian food and beverage manufacturer. It provides background on MIS and its importance for business success. It then describes PT Indofood's business operations and product portfolio. The company implemented an SAP-based MIS to integrate planning, production, inventory, and distribution functions across various product divisions. Key benefits included improved forecasting and production planning based on sales data analysis, and better coordination of inventory and distribution to match product availability with customer demand. The MIS implementation supported PT Indofood's continued growth and market leadership.
This document discusses information systems and related concepts. It defines data as raw facts while information is data that has been manipulated and given meaning and context. Computer-based information systems take data as input, process it, and produce information as output. Information systems are made up of subsystems that work together towards a common goal. The document also discusses how human-computer synergy allows large amounts of data to be efficiently processed and translated into useful information for managers and decision makers.
From Asset to Impact - Presentation to ICS Data Protection Conference 2011Castlebridge Associates
This is a presentation I delivered to the Irish Computer Society Data Protection Conference in February 2011 and again on a webinar for dataqualitypro.com in March 2011.
It looks (for what I believe was the first time) at the relationship between Information Quality and Data Governance principles and practices and the objectives of Data Protection/Privacy compliance. it includes my first version of the mapping of the 8 Data Protection principles to the POSMAD Information Life Cycle referred to by McGilvray and others in the IQ/DQ fields.
This document discusses information systems and the role of data and information. It defines data as raw facts while information is data placed in context and manipulated in some way. An information system takes data as an input, processes it, and produces useful information as an output. The document also discusses systems and subsystems, noting that information systems help managers focus on goals and operations through systems thinking. Finally, it briefly outlines some careers in information systems and ethical issues related to privacy, free speech, and inequality.
People and businesses need information for different reasons. Data is raw facts while information is data that has been organized and given context and meaning. Information systems take in data as input, process it, and provide useful information as output. A system is made up of components that work together to achieve a goal, and can be open or closed systems. The combination of human and computer capabilities in information systems allows for efficient processing of large amounts of data.
People and businesses need information for different reasons. Data is raw facts while information is data that has been organized and given context and meaning. Information systems take in data as input, process it, and provide useful information as output. A system is made up of components that work together to achieve a goal, and can be open or closed systems. The combination of human and computer capabilities in information systems allows for efficient processing of large amounts of data.
An information system is defined as a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support management decision making and control in an organization. An information system includes people, processes, data, and technology that interact to input data, process it, output information, and provide feedback. The key components of an information system are input, processing, output, storage, and feedback. A system is composed of interrelated parts working towards a common goal, and a subsystem is a system within a larger system.
The document discusses accounting information systems (AIS). It defines an AIS as a system that collects, processes, stores, and reports data and information. An AIS provides useful information to management to help with planning, execution, control and evaluation of a company's activities, resources and personnel. An effective AIS can add value by improving decision making, quality, efficiency and internal controls. The AIS plays a role in supporting a company's value chain and business strategy.
The document discusses the key concepts around information systems. It begins by outlining the 5 major components of an information system: people resources, hardware resources, software resources, data resources, and network resources. It then covers the main information processing activities: input, processing, output, storage, and control. Finally, it discusses the roles of information systems in supporting business processes, decision making, and strategies for competitive advantage.
Information systems combine hardware, software, and networks to collect, create, and distribute useful data in organizations. They process transactions, manage applications, and help people make decisions. Data on its own has no meaning, but when organized and analyzed it becomes meaningful information that supports decision making. Organizations have both open systems that share information externally and closed systems like research that keep information private. Different types of information systems support operations, management, and decision making.
This document provides an overview of information technology (IT) concepts including the functions and types of IT systems used in organizations. It discusses IT infrastructure, support organizations, and how IT can provide functions like decision support, e-learning, web conferencing, wikis, and electronic directories. It also describes enterprise systems for transaction processing, resource planning, and interorganizational information sharing. The document outlines managers' key responsibilities regarding IT, including identifying opportunities, facilitating adoption, and mitigating risks. It discusses factors influencing IT acceptance and provides examples of various IT risks organizations may face.
This document provides an overview of business information systems, including definitions of key concepts like data, information, knowledge, and the differences between them. It also describes different types of management information systems like transaction processing systems, decision support systems, group decision support systems, executive information systems, and expert systems. The document outlines the characteristics, components, benefits, and limitations of each type of information system.
The document outlines 9 rules for converting direct speech to indirect speech:
1. Verb tenses and pronouns change depending on the tense of the reporting verb.
2. Present tenses change to past tenses.
3. Modals like "can" become "could".
4. Punctuation changes with quotes removed in indirect speech.
5. Time references are adjusted to seem more distant in indirect speech.
This document provides an introduction to various information systems including:
1. It discusses business information systems, their principal functions in business, product and information flows, and associated documents.
2. It then covers Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems and Management Information Systems (MIS), including their characteristics and development processes.
3. The document concludes by introducing Decision Support Systems.
The document discusses data, information, and information systems. It defines data as raw facts without meaning on their own, while information is data that has been given meaning through relationships. An information system takes in data as input, processes it, and produces useful outputs along with feedback. The key components of an information system are input, processing, output, and feedback. Manual and computerized information systems are also compared.
Prepositions of noun/pronoun and phrases in english grammer.divyapatel123440
The document discusses prepositions and provides examples of different types. It defines a preposition as a word that connects nouns/pronouns or phrases to other words in a sentence. Prepositions usually describe position, time, or manner. The document then lists and gives examples of three main types of prepositions: prepositions of time, prepositions of place/position, and prepositions of movement/direction. It concludes by comparing the uses of the prepositions "in", "on", and "at" for time and place.
This document discusses various aspects of communication including the definition of communication, the communication process, types of communication (verbal, non-verbal, written), barriers to communication, and skills related to communication such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
It defines communication as the exchange of information between two or more people through various methods. The communication process involves a sender encoding a message, selecting a channel to send the message through, the receiver decoding the message, and feedback. There can be barriers at each stage of the process.
It also outlines different forms of verbal (oral) communication, types of listening and reading, best practices for skills like public speaking, presentation, and email writing, and how to develop important
This document defines and provides examples of different types of conjunctions:
- Coordinating conjunctions like "and", "but", and "or" connect words, phrases, or sentences.
- Subordinating conjunctions like "after", "although", "because", and "when" connect clauses and show relationships between ideas in separate sentences.
- Correlative conjunctions like "both/and", "either/or", and "neither/nor" connect ideas in pairs.
This document defines systems and types of systems. It discusses:
- Systems have organized parts that work together towards an overall goal, with inputs, processes, outputs, and feedback.
- Types of systems include deterministic and probabilistic, open and closed, natural and manufactured, social and machine.
- Deterministic systems operate predictably while probabilistic systems have uncertain behavior. Open systems interact with the environment but closed systems do not.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
3. 1.1 DATA & INFORMATION
Roll No. Name Surname Age Last Degree Current
Course
1 Janki Patel 23 BCA MCA
25 Priya Joshi 18 Bcom MCA
2 Piya Sharma 25 BSCIT MCA
4. 1.1 DATA & INFORMATION
Data consists of raw or basic facts,
Such as an employee’s name and number of hours worked
in a week, inventory part numbers and sales orders.
Data consists of raw facts which has little value beyond its
existence.
Data are facts, events, transactions which have been
recorded.
They are the input raw materials from which information is
produced.
5. 1.1 DATA & INFORMATION
Data are facts obtained by reading, observation, counting, measuring,
weighting, etc. which are then recorded.
Several types of data can be used to represent these facts.
Data can be following types:
Data Represented by
Alphanumeric data Numbers, letters and other characters
Image data Graphic images or pictures
Audio data Sound, noise, or tones
Video data Moving images or pictures
6. 1.1 DATA & INFORMATION
When these facts are organized or arranged in a meaningful manner, they
become information.
Information is a collection of facts organized in such a way that they have
additional values beyond the value of the facts themselves.
Information is data that have been processed in such a way as to be
useful to recipient.
Example:
Principal of the school is interested in total students passed in
particular standard rather than the marks obtained by each student.
7. 1.1 DATA & INFORMATION
The term data and information frequently used interchangeably.
However, data usually refers to unorganized facts, while information is the
knowledge derived from manipulation of data.
Data represent real world things.
It has little value beyond its existence.
Rules and relationship can be set up to organize data into useful, valuable
information.
So the type of information created depends on the relationships defined
among existing data.
8. 1.1 DATA & INFORMATION
Consider students marks as data.
We can create different relationship among these data and create different
type of information such as top ten students, subject wise top most
students list, etc.
Now if we add new or different data means relationship can be redefined
and new information can be created.
9. 1.1 DATA & INFORMATION
Process of converting data into information:
Process is a set of logically related task performed to achieve a defined
outcome.
Or
There are some logically related steps that turn data into information, this
is called process.
10. 1.1 DATA & INFORMATION
The process of defining relationships among data to create information
requires knowledge.
Knowledge is an awareness and understanding of a set of information and
ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or
reach a decision.
Example:
Knowledge required for building railroad layout
How large an area is available for the layout?
How many trains will run on the track?
If we want to generate the merit list, then we must have the knowledge
about
What are the percentage ranges for different class?
11. 1.1 DATA & INFORMATION
In some cases, data is organized or processed manually. In other cases, a
computer is used.
Following figure shows, the process of transforming data into information.
12. 1.2 Information Need and Benefits
Characteristics of valuable information:
1. Accessible (Easily accessible by authorized user)
2. Accurate (Error free information)
3. Complete (All important facts)
4. Economical (Value of information with the cost of producing it in terms of time,
manpower)
5. Flexible (Used for variety of purpose)
6. Relevant (Important to the decision maker)
7. Reliable (Trusted by users- Depends on data collection method and source of
information)
8. Secure (Secure from access by unauthorized users)
9. Simple (Not complex)
10. Timely (Timely delivered when needed)
11. Verifiable (Check it to make sure it is correct)
13. 1.2 Information Need and Benefits
Information need is an individual or group’s desire to locate
and obtain information to satisfy a conscious or unconscious
need.
Information needs are related to, but distinct form information
requirements. An example is that a need is hunger, the
requirement is food.
Information needs are related to problems and an important
issue is how problems are understood, delimited and
formulated.
14. 1.2 Information Need and Benefits
When we go to real life problems, there are usually different
opinions about how they should be understood and how they
should be addressed, including different opinions about what
information is relevant to solve the problem.
Collecting only the information that can be used effectively for
management decisions in important.
15. 1.2 Information Need and Benefits
People within an organization who have timely, reliable
information are better able to conduct, manage and control
the organization’s operations.
How much important the information is, it depends on the
information itself.
Understand that information is a commodity and it can have a
monetary value, the level of which depends on its accuracy,
its potential use and its particular intended use.
16. 1.2 Information Need and Benefits
We need to ensure that information is up-to-date and of use to
an organization/individual.
Information has become a valuable resource, just as much as
capital, infrastructure and people.
Information is collected on any amount of different items and
used by managers to make strategic decisions concerning the
organization.
17. 1.2 Information Need and Benefits
The information that is collected and/or assembled in any
business is as valuable a resource as capital or people.
Information may cover:
Market trends
Buying preferences
Customer profiles
It may be processed, summarized and analyzed by
computers before being used by managers as the basis for
decision-making.
18. 1.2 Information Need and Benefits
Example: Companies that sell products by mail order need to keep up-to-
date lists of name and addresses of customers who may be interested in
making a purchase.
The information must have some characteristics:
Accurate
Flexible
Reliable
Simple
Verifiable
Secure
Complete
Economical
Relevant
Timely
Accessible
19. The value of information
The value of information is directly linked to how it helps
decision makers to achieve their organization’s goals.
Example : The value of information can be measured in the
time required to make decision or in increased profits to the
company.
20. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
System
A system is a set of elements or components that interacts to
accomplish goals.
OR
A system is a set of interacting elements responding to inputs to
produce outputs.
The elements themselves and the relationships among them determine
how the system works.
Systems have inputs, processing mechanisms, outputs, and feedback.
21. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
Components or elements of the systems are:
Input
Processing mechanism
Outputs
Feedback
23. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
Input:
Dirty car,
Water and
Other cleaning ingredients.
Along with it time, energy(to operate system), skill(the ability to
successfully operate the liquid sprayer, forming brush, and air
dryer devices) and knowledge (it define the steps in car wash
operation and the order in which those steps are executed) are
also needed as input.
24. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
Processing mechanism:
First select the cleaning options (wash only, wash with
wax, wash with wax, and hand dry etc.) and communicate
that to car wash operator.
Feedback:
Assess that the car is clean or not.
Output:
Clean car.
25. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
College:
Input: Students, professors, administrators, textbooks,
equipment etc.
Process: Teaching, research, service etc.
Output: Educated students, meaningful research, service to
community, state and nation etc.
Goal: Acquisition(gaining) of knowledge.
26. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
Movie::
Input: actors, director, staff, sets, equipment etc.
Process: filming, editing, special effects, film distribution etc.
Output: finished film delivered to move theatres etc.
Goal: entertaining movie, film awards, profits.
27. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
Fast – food restaurant::
Input: vegetables, ingredients, bread, drinks, labor,
management etc.
Process: frying, boiling, drink dispensing, heating etc.
Output: drinks, desserts, food etc.
Goal: quickly prepared, inexpensive food.
28. Information System
A set of interrelated elements or components that collect
(input), manipulate (process), and disseminate (output) data
and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet
and objective.
OR
A set of interrelated components that collect (input),
manipulate (process), store and distribute information to
support decision-making, coordination and control in an
organization.
30. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
Input is the activity of gathering and capturing raw data.
Example:
Paychecks: number of hours worked for every employee.
In university grading system, student grades must be
obtained from instructions.
Input can take many forms:
In emergency telephone system: incoming call be considered as
input.
In marketing System: input might be customer survey
responses.
31. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
Input can be manual process or automated.
The scanner at a store that reads bar codes and
enters the item and process into a computerized
cash register is a type of automated input process.
32. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
Processing: It involves converting or transforming
data into useful outputs.
Processing can involve:
Doing calculations
Making comparison
Taking alternative actions
Storing data for future use
Processing can be done manually or automatic.
33. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
In the payroll application, the no. of hours worked for each
employee must be converted into net pay.
The required processing can first involve multiplying the no. of
hours worked by the employee’s hourly pay rate to get gross
pay.
If more than 40 weekly hours are worked overtime pay may
also be determined.
Then deductions are subtracted from gross pay to get net pay.
34. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
Output: It involves producing useful information, usually in
the form of documents and reports.
Example:
Payroll system: output can include pay slip for employee.
Output from one system can become input for another.
Example:
Output from a system that processes sale orders can be used
as input to a customer billing system.
35. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
Output can be produced in a variety of ways.
For a computer, printers and display screens are output
devices.
Output can also be a manual process involving handwritten
reports and documents.
36. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
Feedback and control:
Feedback is process of comparing an actual output with a
desired output for the purpose of improving the performance
of a system.
Control is the action taken to bring the difference between an
actual output and a desired output within an acceptable
range.
37. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
In information systems, feedback is output that is used to
make changes to input or processing activities.
Errors or problems might make it necessary to correct input
data or change a process.
38. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
In payroll system, the no. of hours an employee worked was
entered into a computer as 400 instead of 40 hours.
Most information systems check to make sure that data falls
within certain predetermined ranges.
The feedback is used to check and correct the input on the
no. of hours worked to 40.
If undetected; this error would result in a very high net pay
printed on the paycheck.
39. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
Feedback is also important for managers and decision
makers.
Example: output from an information system might indicate that
inventory levels for a few items are getting low.
A manager could use this feedback to decide to order more
inventories.
The new inventory order then becomes input to the system.
40. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
In this case, the feedback system reacts to an existing problem
and alerts a manager that there are too few inventory items on
hand.
A computer system can be used to estimate future sales and
order more inventory before a shortage occurs.
This concept/mechanism are called forecasting.
41. 1.3 Input, processing, output and feedback
In short,
Input: activity of gathering and capturing raw data
Processing: converting or transforming data into useful outputs
Output: production of useful information, usually in the form of
documents and reports
Feedback: output that is used to make changes to input or
processing activities
42. Manual and Computerized Information
System
Manual information systems, where people use simple tools
such as pencils and paper, or even machines such as
calculators and typewriters.
Computer-based information systems that rely on a variety of
computer systems to accomplish their information processing
activities.