Unit - 1: ASP.NET Basic

Syllabus
 UNIT I : ASP.NET Basics
 Introduction to ASP.NET: .NET Framework (CLR, CLI,
BCL), ASP.NET Basics, ASP.NET Page Structure, Page Life
Cycle. Controls: HTML Server Controls, Web Server Controls,
Web User Controls, Validation Controls, Custom Web
Controls.
 UNIT II: Form
 Form validation: Client side validation, Server side validation,
Validation Controls: Required Field Comparison Range,
Calendar Control, Ad rotator Control, Internet Explorer
Control. State Management: View State, Control State, Hidden
Fields, Cookies, Query Strings, Application State, Session
State.

Syllabus
 UNIT III: ADO.NET
 Architecture of ADO .NET, Connected and Disconnected Database, Create
Database, Create connection Using ADO.NET Object model, Connection Class,
Command Class, Data Adapter Class, Dataset Class, Display data on data bound
controls and Data Grid.
 UNIT IV: Database accessing
 Database accessing on Web Applications: Data Binding Concept with web,
Creating Data Grid, Binding standard web server controls, Display data on web
form using Data Bound Controls.
 UNIT V: XML
 Writing Datasets to XML, Reading datasets with XML. WEB services: Remote
method call using XML, SOAP, Web service description language, Building and
Consuming a web service, Web Application deployment.

ASP
 ASP—ACTIVE SERVER PAGES
 Server side scripting Environment  used to
create and run dynamic ,interactive, high-
performance web server applications.
 Script  Server side
 Browser  RequestWeb
serverResponsebrowser

ASP
 Extension– asp.
 1.text
 2.Html tags
 3.Script commands—instructs our computer to do
something
 Microsoft –webmatrix

.NET
 .NET is a free, cross-platform ,open source
developer platform for building many different
types of application.
 With .NET, you can use multiple langauage
,editors, and libraries to build for web ,mobile
,desktop ,gaming and iot.
 Programming languges – C#,VB,F#
 .NET Application create IDE—Visual Studio

.NET
 .NET support implementation
 .NET Core
 .Net Framework
 .NET framework windows create application.

Introduction to ASP.NET
 ASP.NET is a web application framework designed and
developed by Microsoft. ASP.NET is open source and a subset
of the .NET Framework and successor of the classic
ASP(Active Server Pages). With version 1.0 of the .NET
Framework, it was first released in January 2002. So a
question comes to mind that which technology we were using
before the year 2002 for developing web applications and
services?
 Answer is Classic ASP. So before .NET and ASP.NET there
was Classic ASP.
 ASP.NET is built on the CLR(Common Language
Runtime) which allows the programmers to execute its code
using any .NET language(C#, VB etc.). It is specially designed
to work with HTTP and for web developers to create dynamic
web pages, web applications, web sites, and web services as
it provides a good integration of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
 .NET Framework is used to create a variety of applications
and services like Console, Web, and Windows, etc. But
ASP.NET is only used to create web applications and web
services. That’s why we termed ASP.NET as a subset of the

What is ASP.Net
 ASP.Net is a web development platform provided by
Microsoft. It is used for creating web-based
applications. ASP.Net was first released in the year
2002.
 The first version of ASP.Net deployed was 1.0. The
most recent version of ASP.Net is version 4.6.
ASP.Net is designed to work with the HTTP protocol.
This is the standard protocol used across all web
applications.
 ASP.Net applications can also be written in a variety
of .Net languages. These include C#, VB.Net, and J#.
In this chapter, you will see some basic fundamental
of the .Net framework.
 The full form of ASP is Active Server Pages, and .NET
is Network Enabled Technologies.

ASP.NET ARCHITECTURE
 The architecture of the.Net framework is based on the
following key components
 Language – A variety of languages exists for .net
framework. They are VB.net and C#. These can be
used to develop web applications.
 Library - The .NET Framework includes a set of
standard class libraries. The most common library
used for web applications in .net is the Web library.
The web library has all the necessary components
used to develop.Net web-based applications.
 Common Language Runtime - The Common
Language Infrastructure or CLI is a platform. .Net
programs are executed on this platform. The CLR is
used for performing key activities. Activities include
Exception handling and Garbage collection

COMPONENTS OF .NET
FRAMEWORK
 Enterprise applications. It mainly contains two components,
 1. Common Language Runtime (CLR)
 2. .Net Framework Class Library.
 Common Language Runtime (CLR)
.Net Framework provides runtime environment called Common
Language Runtime (CLR).It provides an environment to run all
the .Net Programs. The code which runs under the CLR is called
as Managed Code. Programmers need not to worry on
managing the memory if the programs are running under the
CLR as it provides memory management and thread
management.
Programmatically, when our program needs memory, CLR
allocates the memory for scope and de-allocates the memory if
the scope is completed.
Language Compilers (e.g. C#, VB.Net, J#) will convert the
Code/Program to Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL)
intern this will be converted to Native Code by CLR. See the
below Fig.

COMPONENTS OF .NET
FRAMEWORK
 .Net Framework Class Library (FCL)
This is also called as Base Class Library and it is
common for all types of applications i.e. the way you
access the Library Classes and Methods in VB.NET
will be the same in C#, and it is common for all other
languages in .NET.
The following are different types of applications that
can make use of .net class library.
 1. Windows Application.
 2. Console Application
 3. Web Application.
 4. XML Web Services.
 5. Windows Services.

COMPONENTS OF .NET
FRAMEWORK
 Common Type System (CTS)
It describes set of data types that can be used in different .Net languages in common.
(i.e), CTS ensures that objects written in different .Net languages can interact with
each other.
For Communicating between programs written in any .NET complaint language, the
types have to be compatible on the basic level.
 Common Language Specification (CLS)
It is a sub set of CTS and it specifies a set of rules that needs to be adhered or
satisfied by all language compilers targeting CLR. It helps in cross language
inheritance and cross language debugging.
Common language specification Rules:
It describes the minimal and complete set of features to produce code that can be
hosted by CLR. It ensures that products of compilers will work properly in .NET
environment.
 Sample Rules:
 1. Representation of text strings
 2. Internal representation of enumerations
 3. Definition of static members and this is a subset of the CTS which all .NET
languages are expected to support.
 4. Microsoft has defined CLS which are nothing but guidelines that language to follow
so that it can communicate with other .NET languages in a seamless manner.

COMPONENTS OF .NET
FRAMEWORK


CHARACTERISTICS OF .NET
FRAMEWORK
 Code Behind Mode – This is the concept of separation of design and code. By
making this separation, it becomes easier to maintain the ASP.Net application. The
general file type of an ASP.Net file is aspx. Assume we have a web page called
MyPage.aspx. There will be another file called MyPage.aspx.cs which would denote
the code part of the page. So Visual Studio creates separate files for each web page,
one for the design part and the other for the code.
 State Management – ASP.Net has the facility to control state management. HTTP is
known as a stateless protocol. Let's take an example of a shopping cart application.
Now, when a user decides what he wants to buy from the site, he will press the submit
button.
 The application needs to remember the items the user choose for the purchase. This
is known as remembering the state of an application at a current point in
time. HTTP is a stateless protocol. When the user goes to the purchase page, HTTP
will not store the information on the cart items. Additional coding needs to be done to
ensure that the cart items can be carried forward to the purchase page. Such an
implementation can become complex at times. But ASP.Net can do state management
on your behalf. So ASP.Net can remember the cart items and pass it over to the
purchase page.
 Caching – ASP.Net can implement the concept of Caching. This improve's the
performance of the application. By caching those pages which are often requested by
the user can be stored in a temporary location. These pages can be retrieved faster
and better responses can be sent to the user. So caching can significantly improve the
performance of an application.
 ASP.Net is a development language used for constructing web-based applications.
ASP.Net is designed to work with the standard HTTP protocol.

ASP.Net Lifecycle
 1) Application Start - The life cycle of an ASP.NET application starts
when a request is made by a user. This request is to the Web server for
the ASP.Net Application. This happens when the first user normally goes
to the home page for the application for the first time. During this time,
there is a method called Application start which is executed by the web
server. Usually, in this method, all global variables are set to their default
values.
 2) Object creation - The next stage is the creation of the Http Context,
Http Request & Http Response by the web server. The Http Context is
just the container for the Http Request and Http Response objects. The
Http Request object contains information about the current request,
including cookies and browser information. The Http Response object
contains the response that is sent to the client.
 3) Http Application creation - This object is created by the web server.
It is this object that is used to process each subsequent request sent to
the application. For example, let's assume we have 2 web applications.
One is a shopping cart application, and the other is a news website. For
each application, we would have 2 Http Application objects created. Any
further requests to each website would be processed by each Http
Application respectively.

ASP. Net Lifecycle
 4) Dispose - This event is called before the
application instance is destroyed. During this
time, one can use this method to manually
release any unmanaged resources.
 5) Application End - This is the final part of the
application. In this part, the application is finally
unloaded from memory

ASP.Net Page Lifecycle
 Page Request- This is when the page is first requested from the server. When the page is
requested, the server checks if it is requested for the first time. If so, then it needs to compile
the page, parse the response and send it across to the user. If it is not the first time the page
is requested, the cache is checked to see if the page output exists. If so, that response is
sent to the user.
 Page Start – During this time, 2 objects, known as the Request and Response object are
created. The Request object is used to hold all the information which was sent when the
page was requested. The Response object is used to hold the information which is sent back
to the user.
 Page Initialization – During this time, all the controls on a web page is initialized. So if you
have any label, textbox or any other controls on the web form, they are all initialized.
 Page Load – This is when the page is actually loaded with all the default values. So if a
textbox is supposed to have a default value, that value is loaded during the page load time.
 Validation – Sometimes there can be some validation set on the form. For example, there
can be a validation which says that a list box should have a certain set of values. If the
condition is false, then there should be an error in loading the page.
 Post back event handling – This event is triggered if the same page is being loaded again.
This happens in response to an earlier event. Sometimes there can be a situation that a user
clicks on a submit button on the page. In this case, the same page is displayed again. In
such a case, the Post back event handler is called.
 Page Rendering – This happens just before all the response information is sent to the user.
All the information on the form is saved, and the result is sent to the user as a complete web
page.
 Unload – Once the page output is sent to the user, there is no need to keep the ASP.net web
form objects in memory. So the unloading process involves removing all unwanted objects
from memory.

STRUCTURE ASP. NET PAGE
 The Structure of an ASP.NET Page
 The main components of an ASP.NET page are:
• Directives
• Code Declaration Blocks
• ASP.NET Controls
• Code Render Blocks
• Server-Side Comments
• Server-Side Include Directives
• Literal Text and HTML Tags.

 Directives
 A directive controls how the page is compiled. It is marked by the
tags, <%@ and %>. It can appear anywhere in a page. But,
normally it is placed at the top of a page. The main types of
directives are:
• Page
• Import
A Page directive is used to specify the default programming
language for a page.
<%@ Page Language="C#" %>
OR
<%@ Language="C#" %>
Some namespaces are imported into an ASP.NET page by
default. If you wish to use a class that is not contained in the
default namespaces, you must import its namespace.
<%@ Import Namespace="System.Data.SqlClient" %>

 Code Declaration Blocks
 A code declaration block contains all the application logic for a page. It also
includes declarations of global variables, and functions. It must be written
within the script runat= "server" tag.
 <script runat=”server”>
 Protected void page_load(object sender,EventArgs e)
 {
 //statements
 }
 Protected void btnAdd_click(object sender,EventArgs e)
 {
 //statements
 }
 </script>

The <script> tag has two optional parameters:
• Language: You can specify the programming language to be used within the
<script> tag. Otherwise, the language specified in the Page directive is used.
• SRC: You can specify an external file that contains the code block.

 Using an external file
 <script runat=”server” src=”external file.aspx”/>
 <html><head><title>including an external file</title></head>
 <form runat=”server”><center>
 <asp:label id=”lblmsg” runat=”server”/>
 <asp:button id=”btnsubmit” text=”click” onclick=”btnsubmit_click”
runat=”server”/>
 </center></form></html>
 //the external file “externalfile.aspx” is shown below:
 Protected void btnsubmit_click(source As object ,E As
EventArgs )
 {
 Lblmsg.text=”HelloWorld”;
 }
 There is no difference in output between writing the code on the
same page and including an external script file.

 ASP.NET Controls
 ASP.NET controls can be mixed with text and static
HTML in a page. All controls must appear within a
<form runat= "server"> tag. Some controls such as
<span runat= "server"> and the Label control can
appear outside this tag. You can have only one form
per page in ASP.NET.

 Code Render Blocks
 If you wish to execute code within HTML, you can include the
code within code render blocks. There are two types of code
render blocks:
• Inline Code: It executes a statement or series of statements.
It is marked by the characters <% and %>.
• Inline Expressions: They display the value of a variable or
method. They can be considered as shorthand notation for
the Response. Write method. They are marked by the
characters <%= and %>.
 <html>
 <head><title>code Render Blocks</title></head>
 <%Dim Strvar As String Strvar=”this is a test variable1”%>
 <% =strvar%>
 <p>
 <% Strvar==”this is a test variable2”%>
 <% =strvar%>< /html>

 Server-Side Comments
 You can add comments in server-side code using the
characters <%-- and --%>. The main use of these comment
blocks is to add documentation to a page.
 <html>
 <head><title>code Render Blocks</title></head>
 <%Dim Strvar As String Strvar=”this is a test variable1”%>
 <% =strvar%>
 <%--------
 <p>
 <% Strvar==”this is a test variable2”%>
 <% =strvar%>
 --------%>
 < /html>

 Server-Side Include Directives
 You can include a file in an ASP.NET page by using a
server-side include directive. It is executed before any of
the code in the page. If the file is in the same directory or
in a sub-directory of the page including the file, this
directive is written as:

You can also specify the virtual path of the file. To include
a file located in the directory MyAspx under the wwwroot
directory, you will write the directive as:

Note: It is recommended that you avoid using server-side
include directives. It is better to use user controls.


 HTML Tags and Literal Text
 You can build the static part of an ASP.NET page using HTML tags and literal text. The
HTML content of your page is also compiled along with the rest of the contents.
The literal text has been made bold and converted to uppercase before being
rendered in the browser.
 <script Runat=”server”>
 Protected void page_load(object sender, Eventargs e)
 {
 foreach(Literal controlICcontrol in page.controls)
 {
 ICcontrol.text=”<b>”+(ICcontrol.text.Toupper());
 }
 }
 </script>
 <html><head><title>Literalcontrolclass</title></head>
 <p>this is some literal text </html>
 Output
 THIS IS SOME LITERAL TEXT

SERVER CONTROL
Asp.net server controls are the primary controls
used in Asp.net. These controls can be grouped
into following categories There are three kinds of
server controls
 Html Server Controls-traditional HTML Tags
 Web Server Controls-New Asp.net tags
 Validation Server Controls-For input validation

HTML SERVER CONTROLS
 HTML server controls are Html tags understood
by the server .
 HTML elements in ASP.NET files are by default,
treated as text .to make these elements
programmable ,add a runat=“server” attributes to
the html element. The attributes indicates that the
element should be treated as a server control.
 The
SYSTEM.WEB.UI.HTMLCONTROLS.HTMLCON
TROL base class contains all of the common
properties.html server derive from this class.

WEB SERVER CONTROLS
 Web server controls are special asp.net tags
understood by the server.
 Like html server controls, web server controls are
also created on the server and they require a
runat=“server” attribute to work.
 Mostly all web server controls inherit from a
common base class ,namely the WEBCONTROL
class defined in the System.Web.UI.Webcontrols
namespace
 The syntax are web server controls
<asp:TextBox ID="txtFirstName"
runat="server"></asp:TextBox>

WEB SERVER CONTROLS
 Text box
 Button
 Literal
 Drop Down List Box
 Option button and etc.,

WEB SERVER CONTROLS –
TEXTBOX,BUTTON

WEB SERVER CONTROLS-
LITERAL,LABEL,TEXTBOX,BUTTO
N

DROPDOWNLISTBOX

WEB SERVER CONTROLS-DROP
DOWN LIST BOX

OPTION BUTTON

VALIDATION CONTROLS
 Validation controls-These are used to validate
user input and they work by running client side
script.
 Validation server controls are used to validate
user- input .If the user-input does not pass
validation ,it will display an error message to the
user.
 Each validation control performs a specific type of
validation (like validating against a specific value
or a range value).

VALIDATION CONTROLS
 The syntax for creating a validation server control
is:
 <asp:control_name id=“some_id”
runat=“server”/>

CUSTOM WEB CONTROLS
 Custom Control are deployed as individual
assemblies. They are complied into Dynamic Link
Library (DLL) and used as any other Asp.net
server control. They could be created in either of
the following way:
 By deriving a custom control from an existing
control.
 By composing a new custom control combing two
or more existing controls.
 By deriving from the base control class.

Unit - 1: ASP.NET Basic

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