This document discusses case management for unaccompanied and separated children (UASC) in Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya. It presents scenarios to estimate the resources needed to provide case management for different numbers of UASC, from 7,500 to 15,000 to 100,000. An Excel spreadsheet model was used to calculate costs based on factors like staffing needs and supplies. The spreadsheet helped facilitate discussions on planning and identified bottlenecks. While the model provided estimates, it also revealed gaps in planning that need further discussion to improve response for UASC in the camp.
Target costing and new product development at rollervyshak voona
Target costing is a cost management tool used by Roller System, a manufacturer of inline skates and components, to reduce product costs over the lifecycle. The company currently produces one skate model but is developing a new "City" model for urban transportation. It defined the target costs for the new City model based on marketing's suggested sale price and margin goals. Two component combinations were analyzed to meet the target costs for a production run of 200,000 units. Combination 1 had the lowest total cost and highest profit margin of 16.98%.
Using of Target Costing in Different Industry : Auto, IT and BankingNabduan Duangmanee
The document discusses how different industries implement target costing to meet customer expectations. It provides examples from the automotive, technological, circuit board, and banking industries.
In the automotive industry, Toyota uses kaizen costing where teams work together to ensure product costs allow for profitability at the required market price. In technology, HP uses target costing in printer development to balance performance and costs as product lifecycles shorten. PCB manufacturers negotiate with suppliers and use value engineering to achieve target costs. The Central Bank of Morocco implemented ABC to improve performance, quality of service, and understand costs better for strategic planning.
Toyota Motor Corporation Australia Ltd (TMCA) adopted target costing to manage costs. It sets target prices and reduces costs through value engineering and supplier relationships. TMCA employs 3,800 people and generates $4 billion annually. It imports vehicles from Japan and supplies markets in Asia, Africa, Europe and Oceania. Target costing requires determining costs at the design phase, managing suppliers, and continuous value analysis. It impacts operations, costs, profits, employee behavior and motivation, and product quality through an integrated, cross-functional system focused on customer value.
Cost accounting tracks and analyzes costs to help businesses control expenses and maximize profits. Target costing determines the cost at which a product must be produced to generate desired profits at its anticipated selling price. It involves defining the product, setting cost targets, achieving targets, and maintaining competitive costs. Kaizen costing maintains present costs for existing products through continuous improvement efforts. Activity-based costing assigns overhead costs based on activities and cost drivers rather than direct labor hours, providing more accurate product costs.
Target cost in tata nano (Cost Accounting)Masud Kamrul
Target costing is a cost management tool used to reduce the overall cost of a product over its lifecycle. It focuses on customers, design, cross-functional involvement, and a lifecycle orientation. For Tata Nano, target costing was used to identify the maximum cost to manufacture the vehicle at its target selling price and profit margin. Tata Nano achieved its target cost by simplifying manufacturing processes, reducing inventory and working capital costs, eliminating unnecessary parts, establishing an efficient supply chain network, using a smaller design to reduce costs, and material substitution.
Target costing is a management technique that works backwards from the desired market price and profit to determine the maximum allowable cost for a product. It establishes a target cost before production begins based on the market share and profit needed. Current costs are then compared to the target cost to identify any cost gaps that management must address through design improvements or other strategies. The key aspects are establishing a target cost upfront based on market factors rather than internal budgets, and driving design and planning changes to meet that target cost.
This document discusses target costing, which is a process that develops costs for a product or service based on market considerations like the target price customers will pay. It involves estimating the target price, target profit, and target cost. Target cost is calculated as the target price minus the target profit. The key steps are computing the target cost, setting gross target sales and operating income, then determining the target cost per unit. The benefits are a focus on customers, cross-functional involvement, and commitment to innovation. Potential downsides include delays from overloaded features, and conflicts from pressure to excessively cut costs.
Target costing and new product development at rollervyshak voona
Target costing is a cost management tool used by Roller System, a manufacturer of inline skates and components, to reduce product costs over the lifecycle. The company currently produces one skate model but is developing a new "City" model for urban transportation. It defined the target costs for the new City model based on marketing's suggested sale price and margin goals. Two component combinations were analyzed to meet the target costs for a production run of 200,000 units. Combination 1 had the lowest total cost and highest profit margin of 16.98%.
Using of Target Costing in Different Industry : Auto, IT and BankingNabduan Duangmanee
The document discusses how different industries implement target costing to meet customer expectations. It provides examples from the automotive, technological, circuit board, and banking industries.
In the automotive industry, Toyota uses kaizen costing where teams work together to ensure product costs allow for profitability at the required market price. In technology, HP uses target costing in printer development to balance performance and costs as product lifecycles shorten. PCB manufacturers negotiate with suppliers and use value engineering to achieve target costs. The Central Bank of Morocco implemented ABC to improve performance, quality of service, and understand costs better for strategic planning.
Toyota Motor Corporation Australia Ltd (TMCA) adopted target costing to manage costs. It sets target prices and reduces costs through value engineering and supplier relationships. TMCA employs 3,800 people and generates $4 billion annually. It imports vehicles from Japan and supplies markets in Asia, Africa, Europe and Oceania. Target costing requires determining costs at the design phase, managing suppliers, and continuous value analysis. It impacts operations, costs, profits, employee behavior and motivation, and product quality through an integrated, cross-functional system focused on customer value.
Cost accounting tracks and analyzes costs to help businesses control expenses and maximize profits. Target costing determines the cost at which a product must be produced to generate desired profits at its anticipated selling price. It involves defining the product, setting cost targets, achieving targets, and maintaining competitive costs. Kaizen costing maintains present costs for existing products through continuous improvement efforts. Activity-based costing assigns overhead costs based on activities and cost drivers rather than direct labor hours, providing more accurate product costs.
Target cost in tata nano (Cost Accounting)Masud Kamrul
Target costing is a cost management tool used to reduce the overall cost of a product over its lifecycle. It focuses on customers, design, cross-functional involvement, and a lifecycle orientation. For Tata Nano, target costing was used to identify the maximum cost to manufacture the vehicle at its target selling price and profit margin. Tata Nano achieved its target cost by simplifying manufacturing processes, reducing inventory and working capital costs, eliminating unnecessary parts, establishing an efficient supply chain network, using a smaller design to reduce costs, and material substitution.
Target costing is a management technique that works backwards from the desired market price and profit to determine the maximum allowable cost for a product. It establishes a target cost before production begins based on the market share and profit needed. Current costs are then compared to the target cost to identify any cost gaps that management must address through design improvements or other strategies. The key aspects are establishing a target cost upfront based on market factors rather than internal budgets, and driving design and planning changes to meet that target cost.
This document discusses target costing, which is a process that develops costs for a product or service based on market considerations like the target price customers will pay. It involves estimating the target price, target profit, and target cost. Target cost is calculated as the target price minus the target profit. The key steps are computing the target cost, setting gross target sales and operating income, then determining the target cost per unit. The benefits are a focus on customers, cross-functional involvement, and commitment to innovation. Potential downsides include delays from overloaded features, and conflicts from pressure to excessively cut costs.
Speaker: Kathryn Koelemay, Medical Epidemiologist, Public Health – Seattle & King County
All hospitals should be prepared to receive pediatric patients in a mass casualty incident and to provide
appropriate short-term acute care and more definitive management, depending upon the nature of the emergency and the extent of its impact on the region. Hospitals of the King County (WA) Healthcare
Coalition are in the process of implementing a regional pediatric disaster response plan, with the goal of
providing consistent, efficient and age-appropriate medical care to pediatric patients at every County
hospital with emergency services in an MCI that involves children. Our “pediatric toolkit,” which was
recognized as a 2010 NACCHO Model Practice winner, suggests guidelines for development of the
hospital‟s pediatric response plan. The regional plan also includes countywide adoption of a color-
coding system based on a length-based resuscitation tape to expedite accurate medication and equipment
deployment.
This document proposes a multi-interventional package to educate primary school children in Kerala, India on preventing child molestation. It notes high rates of reported child molestation in India. The package includes an educational role-play video and cartoon book developed by the authors. A pilot study found the package significantly improved children's knowledge in the experimental group compared to the control group. The proposal seeks funding to further implement and study the package, with a vision of empowering children and integrating it into school curriculums.
In order to support country governments with informed programming for children at sub national level, UNICEF Kenya came up with unique way of representing data dealing with Child Rights – Child Deprivation Index and County Infographics for all 47 counties. The child deprivation index is an innovative way of measuring multi-dimensional poverty and rights deprivation for children by county. The child deprivation index and other data at county level were collated and used to generate county data sheets and infographics which were then presented to county governments. The Infographics present national and county indicators in thematic areas including demographics, education, water and sanitation, maternal and child health and HIV, nutrition and child protection.
Index of child deprivation developed based on 13 indicators in domains of health, education, and material wellbeing. Counties are ranked according to their level of deprivation, and their contribution to national child deprivation.
Link to the Conference: http://www.gisfortheun.com/about/index.html
Speakers: Jenny Holladay, Regional Emergency Management Specialist, U.S. Department of Health –
Administration for Children & Families in Region 10
Lewissa Swanson, Regional Emergency Management Specialists, HHS/Administration for
Children and Families
Presenters will provide an overview of the final recommendations made by the National Commission on
Children and Disasters report submitted to the White House and Congress. The presentation will
highlight identified gaps in planning for children and recommendations that have already been
implemented, including developing and enhancing partnerships. The Commission was required to study
a broad range of domestic policy areas related to the needs of children affected by disasters, including: Child welfare, Child care, Housing (sheltering, intermediate, long-term), Evacuation and Transportation,
Elementary and Secondary Education, Juvenile Justice, and State and Local Emergency Management.
This document discusses developmental care for high-risk neonates in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). It outlines how the NICU environment can negatively impact infant development, and how developmental care aims to decrease neonatal stress and allow for optimal neurobehavioral growth. Developmental care includes practices like kangaroo mother care, non-nutritive sucking, and massage therapy. The document calls for upgrading pediatric nursing education, research, and clinical practice to better implement developmental care models and improve outcomes for high-risk infants.
Sandy to Migrants; How Preparedness brings Hope!.pdfBLeo0001
Beacon Christian Community Health Center Presentation shared at the 4/13/23 8th Annual Community Health Care Association of New York State (CHCANYS) Emergency Management Conference held at Baruch College NYC.
QinetiQ & Britain Tanzania Society Kilimanjaro PresentationMbwana Alliy
The document summarizes a Pan QinetiQ expedition to climb Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania to raise money for science education and promote team building. A team of 24 members from QinetiQ successfully climbed the mountain, with 17 reaching the summit, and raised over £10,000 for a partnership between a school in Tanzania and their own school. The expedition provided opportunities for leadership development, networking, and learning about organizing a complex multi-day expedition.
This document lists the board of directors, medical staff, and administration of East Tennessee Children's Hospital. It includes names, titles, and positions. It also contains thank you letters from families for the care received at the hospital, as well as articles about upcoming hospital events and new equipment purchases made possible by fundraising efforts.
Project decription Save the Children and infoasaid pilot communication projec...infoasaid
Using mass communication tools, this pilot communications project was initiated in December 2011 with Save the Children to provide communities with timely, relevant and practical information on livelihoods and food security as well as to improve dialogue and engagement with communities through.
Class XVIII GNL Health Care Day - Jim Nathanboldsolutions
The document provides information about Lee Memorial Health System and Golisano Children's Hospital. It discusses that Lee Memorial Health System has over 10,500 employees and a $1.2 billion annual budget. It also notes that Golisano Children's Hospital is the only full-service children's hospital in southwest Florida and serves children from Lee, Collier, Hendry, and Glades counties. The document outlines programs and services provided at Golisano Children's Hospital, including outreach programs in Collier County focused on health education, injury prevention, and child abuse prevention.
The document provides information on Bobby Jefferson and the Futures Group which manages health IT projects across 30 countries. It summarizes their work implementing electronic medical record systems, mobile health solutions, and monitoring and evaluation tools to support health programs in low-resource settings facing challenges like lack of internet, intermittent power, and sparse mobile coverage. It provides examples of partnerships with organizations like ICAP, IntraHealth, and ministries of health on various projects in over 15 countries.
This document summarizes a study on building social, health and economic assets for vulnerable adolescent girls through a safe spaces program in Kenya and Uganda. The program provided financial education, savings accounts, and health training to over 11,000 girls aged 10-19. Results showed that girls who participated were less dependent on men financially, better able to refuse unwanted sexual advances, and had emergency funds. The program is being expanded to more sites to understand the effects of economic assets on sexual behavior and exploitation. Recommendations include flexible savings products for girls and combining financial and non-financial services.
Care Seeking for Newborn Illness a Changing Paradigm_Steve Wall_4.25.13CORE Group
The document discusses evidence from community health worker programs in multiple countries that care seeking for newborn illness from qualified providers outside the home is higher than originally assumed, as cultural taboos can be overcome through community education. It also examines the roles of community health workers in improving newborn care practices through home visits and facilitating care seeking, finding that while practices and care seeking increased, timely care seeking could still be improved. Overall, the key lessons highlighted are that demand for care can be generated through community programs, but treatment also needs to be accessible, and strengthening monitoring and follow up of referrals is important.
The document summarizes Kenya's Initial Rapid Assessment (KIRA), a tool used to support informed decisions during emergencies in Kenya. KIRA is a coordinated multi-agency assessment process that collects and analyzes information to provide a concise 4-page report on priority needs, response capacity, and information gaps within 72 hours of an emergency. It has been used for over 13 assessments across 18 districts since 2012, improving coordination between the government, UN agencies, Red Cross organizations, and NGOs. Key aspects of KIRA include its focused methodology, consolidated information sharing, and partnerships that transformed emergency response in Kenya from an uncoordinated to a coordinated effort.
United Nations World Oceans Day 2024; June 8th " Awaken new dephts".Christina Parmionova
The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
Speaker: Kathryn Koelemay, Medical Epidemiologist, Public Health – Seattle & King County
All hospitals should be prepared to receive pediatric patients in a mass casualty incident and to provide
appropriate short-term acute care and more definitive management, depending upon the nature of the emergency and the extent of its impact on the region. Hospitals of the King County (WA) Healthcare
Coalition are in the process of implementing a regional pediatric disaster response plan, with the goal of
providing consistent, efficient and age-appropriate medical care to pediatric patients at every County
hospital with emergency services in an MCI that involves children. Our “pediatric toolkit,” which was
recognized as a 2010 NACCHO Model Practice winner, suggests guidelines for development of the
hospital‟s pediatric response plan. The regional plan also includes countywide adoption of a color-
coding system based on a length-based resuscitation tape to expedite accurate medication and equipment
deployment.
This document proposes a multi-interventional package to educate primary school children in Kerala, India on preventing child molestation. It notes high rates of reported child molestation in India. The package includes an educational role-play video and cartoon book developed by the authors. A pilot study found the package significantly improved children's knowledge in the experimental group compared to the control group. The proposal seeks funding to further implement and study the package, with a vision of empowering children and integrating it into school curriculums.
In order to support country governments with informed programming for children at sub national level, UNICEF Kenya came up with unique way of representing data dealing with Child Rights – Child Deprivation Index and County Infographics for all 47 counties. The child deprivation index is an innovative way of measuring multi-dimensional poverty and rights deprivation for children by county. The child deprivation index and other data at county level were collated and used to generate county data sheets and infographics which were then presented to county governments. The Infographics present national and county indicators in thematic areas including demographics, education, water and sanitation, maternal and child health and HIV, nutrition and child protection.
Index of child deprivation developed based on 13 indicators in domains of health, education, and material wellbeing. Counties are ranked according to their level of deprivation, and their contribution to national child deprivation.
Link to the Conference: http://www.gisfortheun.com/about/index.html
Speakers: Jenny Holladay, Regional Emergency Management Specialist, U.S. Department of Health –
Administration for Children & Families in Region 10
Lewissa Swanson, Regional Emergency Management Specialists, HHS/Administration for
Children and Families
Presenters will provide an overview of the final recommendations made by the National Commission on
Children and Disasters report submitted to the White House and Congress. The presentation will
highlight identified gaps in planning for children and recommendations that have already been
implemented, including developing and enhancing partnerships. The Commission was required to study
a broad range of domestic policy areas related to the needs of children affected by disasters, including: Child welfare, Child care, Housing (sheltering, intermediate, long-term), Evacuation and Transportation,
Elementary and Secondary Education, Juvenile Justice, and State and Local Emergency Management.
This document discusses developmental care for high-risk neonates in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). It outlines how the NICU environment can negatively impact infant development, and how developmental care aims to decrease neonatal stress and allow for optimal neurobehavioral growth. Developmental care includes practices like kangaroo mother care, non-nutritive sucking, and massage therapy. The document calls for upgrading pediatric nursing education, research, and clinical practice to better implement developmental care models and improve outcomes for high-risk infants.
Sandy to Migrants; How Preparedness brings Hope!.pdfBLeo0001
Beacon Christian Community Health Center Presentation shared at the 4/13/23 8th Annual Community Health Care Association of New York State (CHCANYS) Emergency Management Conference held at Baruch College NYC.
QinetiQ & Britain Tanzania Society Kilimanjaro PresentationMbwana Alliy
The document summarizes a Pan QinetiQ expedition to climb Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania to raise money for science education and promote team building. A team of 24 members from QinetiQ successfully climbed the mountain, with 17 reaching the summit, and raised over £10,000 for a partnership between a school in Tanzania and their own school. The expedition provided opportunities for leadership development, networking, and learning about organizing a complex multi-day expedition.
This document lists the board of directors, medical staff, and administration of East Tennessee Children's Hospital. It includes names, titles, and positions. It also contains thank you letters from families for the care received at the hospital, as well as articles about upcoming hospital events and new equipment purchases made possible by fundraising efforts.
Project decription Save the Children and infoasaid pilot communication projec...infoasaid
Using mass communication tools, this pilot communications project was initiated in December 2011 with Save the Children to provide communities with timely, relevant and practical information on livelihoods and food security as well as to improve dialogue and engagement with communities through.
Class XVIII GNL Health Care Day - Jim Nathanboldsolutions
The document provides information about Lee Memorial Health System and Golisano Children's Hospital. It discusses that Lee Memorial Health System has over 10,500 employees and a $1.2 billion annual budget. It also notes that Golisano Children's Hospital is the only full-service children's hospital in southwest Florida and serves children from Lee, Collier, Hendry, and Glades counties. The document outlines programs and services provided at Golisano Children's Hospital, including outreach programs in Collier County focused on health education, injury prevention, and child abuse prevention.
The document provides information on Bobby Jefferson and the Futures Group which manages health IT projects across 30 countries. It summarizes their work implementing electronic medical record systems, mobile health solutions, and monitoring and evaluation tools to support health programs in low-resource settings facing challenges like lack of internet, intermittent power, and sparse mobile coverage. It provides examples of partnerships with organizations like ICAP, IntraHealth, and ministries of health on various projects in over 15 countries.
This document summarizes a study on building social, health and economic assets for vulnerable adolescent girls through a safe spaces program in Kenya and Uganda. The program provided financial education, savings accounts, and health training to over 11,000 girls aged 10-19. Results showed that girls who participated were less dependent on men financially, better able to refuse unwanted sexual advances, and had emergency funds. The program is being expanded to more sites to understand the effects of economic assets on sexual behavior and exploitation. Recommendations include flexible savings products for girls and combining financial and non-financial services.
Care Seeking for Newborn Illness a Changing Paradigm_Steve Wall_4.25.13CORE Group
The document discusses evidence from community health worker programs in multiple countries that care seeking for newborn illness from qualified providers outside the home is higher than originally assumed, as cultural taboos can be overcome through community education. It also examines the roles of community health workers in improving newborn care practices through home visits and facilitating care seeking, finding that while practices and care seeking increased, timely care seeking could still be improved. Overall, the key lessons highlighted are that demand for care can be generated through community programs, but treatment also needs to be accessible, and strengthening monitoring and follow up of referrals is important.
The document summarizes Kenya's Initial Rapid Assessment (KIRA), a tool used to support informed decisions during emergencies in Kenya. KIRA is a coordinated multi-agency assessment process that collects and analyzes information to provide a concise 4-page report on priority needs, response capacity, and information gaps within 72 hours of an emergency. It has been used for over 13 assessments across 18 districts since 2012, improving coordination between the government, UN agencies, Red Cross organizations, and NGOs. Key aspects of KIRA include its focused methodology, consolidated information sharing, and partnerships that transformed emergency response in Kenya from an uncoordinated to a coordinated effort.
United Nations World Oceans Day 2024; June 8th " Awaken new dephts".Christina Parmionova
The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
UN WOD 2024 will take us on a journey of discovery through the ocean's vastness, tapping into the wisdom and expertise of global policy-makers, scientists, managers, thought leaders, and artists to awaken new depths of understanding, compassion, collaboration and commitment for the ocean and all it sustains. The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
Food safety, prepare for the unexpected - So what can be done in order to be ready to address food safety, food Consumers, food producers and manufacturers, food transporters, food businesses, food retailers can ...
A Guide to AI for Smarter Nonprofits - Dr. Cori Faklaris, UNC CharlotteCori Faklaris
Working with data is a challenge for many organizations. Nonprofits in particular may need to collect and analyze sensitive, incomplete, and/or biased historical data about people. In this talk, Dr. Cori Faklaris of UNC Charlotte provides an overview of current AI capabilities and weaknesses to consider when integrating current AI technologies into the data workflow. The talk is organized around three takeaways: (1) For better or sometimes worse, AI provides you with “infinite interns.” (2) Give people permission & guardrails to learn what works with these “interns” and what doesn’t. (3) Create a roadmap for adding in more AI to assist nonprofit work, along with strategies for bias mitigation.
Donate to charity during this holiday seasonSERUDS INDIA
For people who have money and are philanthropic, there are infinite opportunities to gift a needy person or child a Merry Christmas. Even if you are living on a shoestring budget, you will be surprised at how much you can do.
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-to-donate-to-charity-during-this-holiday-season/
#charityforchildren, #donateforchildren, #donateclothesforchildren, #donatebooksforchildren, #donatetoysforchildren, #sponsorforchildren, #sponsorclothesforchildren, #sponsorbooksforchildren, #sponsortoysforchildren, #seruds, #kurnool
UNICEF Child Protection: Target 100%? Planning and Costing Case Management in Emergencies
1. 1
Target 100%?
Planning & Costing Case
Management in Emergencies
Stephanie Shanler, UNICEF Child Protection
Specialist (Emergencies), @stefshanler
Minu K Limbu, Emergency Specialist
(Innovation Focal Point), @minulimbu
UNICEF Kenya Country Office
Kenya Country Office
3. Background: Kakuma Refugee Camp
3
• Before Dec 2013:
• 128,009 refugees
• Aprox.9,503 UASCs
Children
aprox71%
• 998 and 5,523
41,000
4. What is Case Management?
Identify and
register
vulnerable
children
Best Interest
Assessment
(BIA)
Start the case
plan/referral to
services
Monitoring and
Reviewing
Close the Case
Best Interest
Determination
(BID)
Photo Credit: UNHCR/F.Noy
11. “UASC Thermometer”
Unaccompanied and Separated Children
7,500
62%
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Estimated number of USC (15% of 50,000)
Newly arrived USC Estimated remaining
12. Bottleneck Analysis:
• Promotes Understanding, Transparency,
Partnership, and Accountability
• Quick
• Budget pegged to inputs and budget
automatically generated
• SMART indicators and RBM analysis possible;
able to adjust scenario planning and set off
“alarm” bells
• Excel spreadsheet discussion generated 1M
in contribution to Case Management alone
14. Are you Talking
about me?
Stephanie Shanler,
Child Protection Specialist (Emergencies),
@stefshanler, sshanler@unicef.org
Minu K Limbu, Emergency Specialist
(Innovation Focal Point),
@minulimbu, mlimbu@unicef.org
UNICEF Kenya Country Office
Kenya Country Office
Editor's Notes
Right around December 15th, South Sudan started to fall apart and in addition to a whole lot of internally displaced remaining inside of South Sudan, refugees started to flee to surrounding countries of Uganda, Ethiopia, and Kenya… and in Kenya, the refugees fled to a camp across the Kenyan border called Kakuma refugee camp.
Was in Iraq at the time and got a call to come home – come home because it looks like a child protection problem. While I was on the plane some of my colleagues with UNICEF – including Minu here – went to Kakuma and did a rapid assessment of the child protection situation. Among the needs identified were more psychosocial support, a need to scale up family tracing, and what was starting to look like a high number of unaccompanied and separated children who would require some form of Case Management.
So what is Case Management? Essentially, it is the process of identifying children with protection concerns and providing follow-up care. It is a core component of providing integrated humanitarian support in response to key child protection risks in emergencies. The Case Management system in Kakuma is a multi-phased process where children with acute protection concerns undergo a Best Interest Assessment (BIA), the information entered into a Child Protection Management Information System (CPIMS database), and follow-up care initiated.
A functioning Case Management system also generates up-to-date information and statistics necessary for effective child protection programming. In the context of humanitarian response, a functioning and up-to-date CPIMS allows for: the collection of information in relation to a specific child; for the collection and collation on the overall situation of children in a given context, and a basis for analyzing risk factors and violation patterns; and finally, can inform programmatic decision making for creating the correct response.
(fly in standards) There are even standards that should be maintained. For example, Case Workers should not have more than 25 cases to manage. Best Interest Assessments should happen within 2 weeks. When at all possible, we should be looking at alternative care for unaccompanied minors.
That said, the standards – at least the standards that are used to govern programming – appear to “fly out” when the emergency happens…
During an influx a lot seems to fly away, including logical thinking…
What happens during an influx? As a programme officer or specialist, especially one with some money, you start to receive project proposals. They come from all over – CBOs, NGOs, INGOs, and even other UN agencies. For the same camp – and virtually the same project – you may see targets set for “1000 children” or “5,000” children, and budgets that swing from 100,000 to 3 million. Although most proposals contain some truth, there is a lot of arbitrary decision making as well.
Logframes are often worked backwards, indicate that 100% of children will be reached, but the “result” is not linked the the cost of inputs or any analysis that explains “why” there will be 100% reached. Or a target will be set randomly, i.e., “we think we can reach 4,000 children.”
Output targets are selected without necessarily looking at inputs. You have a huge number of children that need attention, you set a target, and you pray for a miracle.
.
And then when faced with having to select a number, sometimes numbers are made up…
Budgets are arbitrary. You estimate what you need, but your estimates are not necessarily linked to the cost of inputs and then sometimes it’s hard to find the actual programme costs because they are buried in so many other costs…
Project budgets beg more questions than answers.
For example: “Why do you need only 4 social workers?The answer: “Because that’s what we think you will pay for.”
Excel to the rescue!!!!!!!!!
Took out excel and started to build a platform for analyzing what needed to be done with Case Management, and using a method akin to “Business systems analysis”…
The following is an example of the approach used, although with fewer categories for the sake of this presentation.
First Created a front page with variables on it such as populations expected; % of unaccompanied and separated and observed trends at the time
Then broke down the CM system into its most basic steps
Then broke down the variables for Each Case Management Step
1. How many personnel were currently involved in processing cases?
2. How much the personnel cost – whether it was a national social worker or a refugee incentive worker?
3. At what rate is the work was being done?
4. What supplies were needed at each stage and how much did they cost?
Whether there was a standard associated with the Case Management Stage. Remember the standards? Here they are again…
And then we took all of this information and we plugged in how many children had arrived, how many more we expected to arrive, whether there was an existing backlog at any of the stages that required processing, and then how much paper was involved…
And this is what we discovered:
1/3 of children who underwent a BIA needed some sort of follow up care and 1/3 of children who needed follow up care required a BID.
With no change in staffing it will take 188 working days to complete the initial BIA assessments for all of the newly arriving and potential numbers of incoming unaccompanied and separated children
It would take a minimum of 683 days to enter all the forms from each state of the process into the CPIMS
That it would take 220 social workers to meet the minimum standards for care
It would take 74 weeks to clear the Best Interest Determination Backlog
While the potential amount of time it would take to clear the Best Interest Assessment backlog was astonishing, the CPIMS backlog was particularly disconcerting: the CPIMS is important because it generates protection information not only about individual children, but about the population as a whole. If you cannot generate a protection profile it becomes difficult to create effective child protection programming.
P/T/A: Enabled a discussion: We showed the numbers to the donors, UNHCR, and the implementing partner. Promotes: Were able to show how fast cases could be processed with additional personnel, and what the corresponding costs and supply needs would be and agree TOGETHER what was needed. Proposals to donors were based on those discussions.
Once you have the spreadsheets set up, you can adjust the numbers on the main page, which will automatically adjust all the numbers on the corresponding pages…this allows for a quick adjustments. It took us some time to generate the main pages and input the formulas manually…there were some “JP Morgan moments.”…but although it took a week to work out the first set of excel spreadsheets, it took a day to generate the first set of appeals.
Able to produce and actual budget pegged to inputs – AND able to say how much we could accomplish with a certain amount of funding. This is very important, especially in a constrained funding environment. Donors will tolerate a certain amount of risk, but waste is not tolerated. With this approach they can see exactly what their contribution should have programmatically.
By breaking it down the process to its inputs, and by analyzing rates, instead of saying we’ll reach 100%, you can now built a SMART indicator: you can say that with 5 people processing 20 BIA’s per day, you can do 100 per day and do a possible 500/per week. This is specific, it’s measurable, it’s achievable, it’s relevant, and it’s time bound. With this same indicator, you can now generate a meaningful log frame and a monitoring and evaluation plan.
Were able to create a platform for monitoring the influx of UASC as a percentage of the total population targeted, and determine when more personnel would have to be added.
1M: $$$
So in terms of what was realized during this whole process:
Remember the 683 days for data entry? By showing the amount of time it took to enter all the data, and how many “stages” a case had, we were also able to demonstrate the time loss in paper-based system and the inordinate cost required to scale up a paper-based system to meet the influx.
In the process of working on the excel spreadsheets we asked around to other offices and partners, some big ones at that, whether they knew what their rates of completion were, and it became very apparent that no-one was developing their proposals on the basis of inputs. A quick search of the web reveals a myriad of business planning software and models to choose from – such is not the case in humanitarian planning around case management.
Way forward – taking the spreadsheet and bottleneck analysis concept to the next level and developing a platform that is easy to use for others – one that prevents “JP Morgan” moments. Essentially a business type modeling plan for Emergencies (and perhaps non-emergencies) that allows for this type of programmatic Case Management bottleneck analysis, automatic generation of a logframe, and automatic generation of core program budget.