This document discusses life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology and challenges. It provides examples of defining the functional unit and system boundaries when comparing packaging options like ceramic cups versus paper cups. It also discusses assumptions, sensitivity analysis, and the importance of critical reviews for comparative assertions to avoid greenwashing. The document aims to help users properly organize and conduct LCA studies.
Test for direct compressive strength of cement mortar, cylindrical concrete c...FOYSOLMAHMUD1
The presentation includes
1. Test for Direct Compressive Strength of Cement Mortar
2. Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens and Cubes.
3. Absorption Capacity of Fine Aggregate.
All materials and apparatus that used, working methodology of the lab work and also the results, charts and tables are shown.
Many countries are witnessing a rapid growth in the construction industry which involves the use of natural resources for the development of the inf rastructure. In order to reduce dependence on natural aggregates as the main source of aggregate in concrete,artificially manufactured aggregates and artificial aggregates generated from industrial wastes provide an alternative for the construction industry. The present study encour aged the utilization of industrial waste copper slag as replacement of natural aggregates in concre te. The results indicate that the use of copper slag in concrete increases the flexural strength of about 17% with that of control mixture. It is recommended that up to 40% of copper slag can be us e as replacement of fine aggregates.
REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE WITH WASTE CERAMIC TILE AND COCONUT SHELL IN ...LokeshShirbhate2
REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE WITH WASTE CERAMIC TILE AND COCONUT SHELL IN CONCRETE.
This Presentation is Describe the behavior of concrete after the use of Ceramic tiles in concrete as a replacement of coarse Aggregate.
Concrete is made up of ingredients like Cement, Fine Aggregate (Sand), Coarse Aggregate, Water and admixtures. Concrete mix design is done to Optimize the requirements of Cement, Sand, Aggregate and Water in order to ensure that concrete parameters in both Plastic Stage (like workability) and in Hardened Stage (like Compressive Strength and durability) are achieved. The Concrete mix design is as per Indian Standards (IS 10262) and might vary from country to country. The nominal mix design ratios available for concrete less than M30 in strength are only thumb rules and are generally over designed. As the actual site conditions vary and the mix design should be adjusted as per the location and other factors.
The process of selecting suitable ingredients of concrete and determining their relative amounts with the objective of producing a concrete of the required, strength, durability, and workability as economically as possible, is termed the concrete mix design.
Test for direct compressive strength of cement mortar, cylindrical concrete c...FOYSOLMAHMUD1
The presentation includes
1. Test for Direct Compressive Strength of Cement Mortar
2. Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens and Cubes.
3. Absorption Capacity of Fine Aggregate.
All materials and apparatus that used, working methodology of the lab work and also the results, charts and tables are shown.
Many countries are witnessing a rapid growth in the construction industry which involves the use of natural resources for the development of the inf rastructure. In order to reduce dependence on natural aggregates as the main source of aggregate in concrete,artificially manufactured aggregates and artificial aggregates generated from industrial wastes provide an alternative for the construction industry. The present study encour aged the utilization of industrial waste copper slag as replacement of natural aggregates in concre te. The results indicate that the use of copper slag in concrete increases the flexural strength of about 17% with that of control mixture. It is recommended that up to 40% of copper slag can be us e as replacement of fine aggregates.
REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE WITH WASTE CERAMIC TILE AND COCONUT SHELL IN ...LokeshShirbhate2
REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE WITH WASTE CERAMIC TILE AND COCONUT SHELL IN CONCRETE.
This Presentation is Describe the behavior of concrete after the use of Ceramic tiles in concrete as a replacement of coarse Aggregate.
Concrete is made up of ingredients like Cement, Fine Aggregate (Sand), Coarse Aggregate, Water and admixtures. Concrete mix design is done to Optimize the requirements of Cement, Sand, Aggregate and Water in order to ensure that concrete parameters in both Plastic Stage (like workability) and in Hardened Stage (like Compressive Strength and durability) are achieved. The Concrete mix design is as per Indian Standards (IS 10262) and might vary from country to country. The nominal mix design ratios available for concrete less than M30 in strength are only thumb rules and are generally over designed. As the actual site conditions vary and the mix design should be adjusted as per the location and other factors.
The process of selecting suitable ingredients of concrete and determining their relative amounts with the objective of producing a concrete of the required, strength, durability, and workability as economically as possible, is termed the concrete mix design.
influence of sand grading on strength and durability of mortar.Aaquib ansari
this ppt deals with the comp. strength, drying shrinkage and different parameters which helps to understand the behavior of the sand mortar. Mortar mix 1:3 and 1:4 were prepared and analysed for water cement ratio 0.5. also the effect of acids like HCL and H2SO4 is observed on mortars
Properties of Fresh and Hardened ConcreteRishabh Lala
Properties of Fresh (Workability)
Hardened Concrete (Workability,Permiablitiy,Durablility)
Thermal properties
Micro-cracking of concrete
Mix Design
Rheology
Causes of Damage of Concrete
MIXTURE DESIGN OF FLY ASH & SLAG BASED ALKALI ACTIVATED CONCRETE FOR PRECAST ...IEI GSC
Presentation on MIXTURE DESIGN OF FLY ASH & SLAG BASED ALKALI ACTIVATED CONCRETE FOR PRECAST CONCRETE
made by Daxesh Patel under guidance of Prof Sonal Thakkar at #33NCCE #IEIGSC
The reduced CO2 emissions of Geopolymer cements make them a good alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement.
Produces a substance that is comparable to or better than traditional cements with respect to most properties.
Geopolymer concrete has excellent properties within both acid and salt environments
Low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete has excellent compressive strength and is suitable for Structural applications.
As Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) moves into the mainstream, hear the latest research on WMA performance from the respected National Center for Asphalt Technology, which puts various pavement technologies to the test under live traffic on a test track in Alabama.
This report examines different things in admixtures (super plasticizers) such as solid content, rheological properties and chloride content. Different test were conducted to determine the above properties.
Abstract This state of art review represents the development in the field of utilization of used foundry sand in cementitious concrete. The paper reviews the utilization of foundry sand as the concrete constituent and the noticeable and important findings from the experimental works of various researchers. The historical development is also discussed as a part of introduction in the review. After a careful study of large number of research papers on the topic it was felt by the authors to integrate all the important results for streamlining the potential of this area of research. The paper summarizes conclusions of experiments conducted for the properties like strength and durability. It was observed the results have shown positive changes and improvement in strength and durability properties of the conventional cementitious concrete due to the addition or replacement of fine sand with used foundry sand in different proportions. However in couple of cases such addition has reported reduction in the values of properties. From the review of past research works it could be concluded that utilizing the used foundry sand holds a great potential towards the development of environment friendly and sustainable cementitious concretes. Key Words: foundry waste, foundry sand, concrete, strength, durability, utilization
Effect of Waste Foundry Sand on Durability Properties of ConcreteIEI GSC
Presentation on Effect of Waste Foundry Sand on Durability Properties of Concrete by Tirth Doshi guided by Dr Urmil Dave & Prof Tejas Joshi at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
Forecasting Model for leaf Spot of Banana by Md. Kamaruzzaman Md. Kamaruzzaman
A model is nothing but a sequential hypothesis of what to do before epidemic .It is the simple and easy expression of forecasting information. It can be expressed by graphically or diagrammatically.
influence of sand grading on strength and durability of mortar.Aaquib ansari
this ppt deals with the comp. strength, drying shrinkage and different parameters which helps to understand the behavior of the sand mortar. Mortar mix 1:3 and 1:4 were prepared and analysed for water cement ratio 0.5. also the effect of acids like HCL and H2SO4 is observed on mortars
Properties of Fresh and Hardened ConcreteRishabh Lala
Properties of Fresh (Workability)
Hardened Concrete (Workability,Permiablitiy,Durablility)
Thermal properties
Micro-cracking of concrete
Mix Design
Rheology
Causes of Damage of Concrete
MIXTURE DESIGN OF FLY ASH & SLAG BASED ALKALI ACTIVATED CONCRETE FOR PRECAST ...IEI GSC
Presentation on MIXTURE DESIGN OF FLY ASH & SLAG BASED ALKALI ACTIVATED CONCRETE FOR PRECAST CONCRETE
made by Daxesh Patel under guidance of Prof Sonal Thakkar at #33NCCE #IEIGSC
The reduced CO2 emissions of Geopolymer cements make them a good alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement.
Produces a substance that is comparable to or better than traditional cements with respect to most properties.
Geopolymer concrete has excellent properties within both acid and salt environments
Low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete has excellent compressive strength and is suitable for Structural applications.
As Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) moves into the mainstream, hear the latest research on WMA performance from the respected National Center for Asphalt Technology, which puts various pavement technologies to the test under live traffic on a test track in Alabama.
This report examines different things in admixtures (super plasticizers) such as solid content, rheological properties and chloride content. Different test were conducted to determine the above properties.
Abstract This state of art review represents the development in the field of utilization of used foundry sand in cementitious concrete. The paper reviews the utilization of foundry sand as the concrete constituent and the noticeable and important findings from the experimental works of various researchers. The historical development is also discussed as a part of introduction in the review. After a careful study of large number of research papers on the topic it was felt by the authors to integrate all the important results for streamlining the potential of this area of research. The paper summarizes conclusions of experiments conducted for the properties like strength and durability. It was observed the results have shown positive changes and improvement in strength and durability properties of the conventional cementitious concrete due to the addition or replacement of fine sand with used foundry sand in different proportions. However in couple of cases such addition has reported reduction in the values of properties. From the review of past research works it could be concluded that utilizing the used foundry sand holds a great potential towards the development of environment friendly and sustainable cementitious concretes. Key Words: foundry waste, foundry sand, concrete, strength, durability, utilization
Effect of Waste Foundry Sand on Durability Properties of ConcreteIEI GSC
Presentation on Effect of Waste Foundry Sand on Durability Properties of Concrete by Tirth Doshi guided by Dr Urmil Dave & Prof Tejas Joshi at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
Forecasting Model for leaf Spot of Banana by Md. Kamaruzzaman Md. Kamaruzzaman
A model is nothing but a sequential hypothesis of what to do before epidemic .It is the simple and easy expression of forecasting information. It can be expressed by graphically or diagrammatically.
February 15-17, 2011 - ITAR Boot Camp BrochureJohn Priecko
If you are looking for a first class beginner's conference and related workshops on the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), this is it! It is also a GREAT refresher for seasoned trade compliance professionals! I am speaking in two sessions on the Do’s and Don’ts for Preparing and Submitting CJ Requests and The Risks and Rewards of Being an Empowered Official: When and How an EO Can Be Held Personally Liable for ITAR Violations. Check out the long list of hot topics and many other superb presenters at this conference in sunny San Diego, California. The American Conference Institute has a long history and acknowledged reputation for putting together very well organized and executed events.
Life cycle analysis of paper products by North Carolina UniversityArivalagan Arumugam
Life cycle analysis of paper products . Introduction to LCA
• LCA of Paper
• North American Printing and Writing Grade LCA’s
• Allocation methods in LCA’s
• Recommendations
Presentation by Teresa Wagner, Leader, Product Stewardship, Owens Corning, at CAMX on October 16, 2014. This presentation illustrates how in-depth LCA concepts can be converted into a user-friendly, simplified concept screening tool, for product developers to drive more sustainable product portfolios prior to more comprehensive assessments.
Overview presentation on Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) delivered by Dr. John Harvey of the University of California Pavement Research Center (UCPRC) at the CalAPA EPD workshop on Oct. 25, 2023 in Sacramento.
The Healthcare Plastics Recycling Council (HPRC), in conjunction with the Plastics Industry Association (PLASTICS), hosted a Recycler Roundtable event aimed at helping recyclers plug into and learn more about the significant opportunity presented by healthcare plastics.
This presentation focuses on tactics for hazardous waste disposal and opportunities to save time and money. It delves into the regulations and how you can take advantage of storage options. Our speaker also addresses waste minimization and ways to reduce and and segregate your waste streams to meet sustainability goals. Learn about a few case studies that back these strategies up.
Talk on sustainable consumption and production in the context of the climate crisis . Part of the lecture on Global climate change given at Webster University , Vienna.
In this 2015 presentation, the focus is placed firmly on the concept of product stewardship and the advantages to organisations who pursue product stewardship certification.
The simple presentation on the topic life cycle analysis,
- definition
- Stages of LCA
- Goal and Purpose of LCA
- types of LCA
- Phases of LCA
- Advantages and Disadvantages of LCA
-Conclusion
1. Changing the way we look at natural resources
EarthEarthShiftShiftChanging the way we look at natural resources
Understanding theg
Validity of a LCA
S i bili i P k iSustainability in Packaging
March 15, 2010
L l M ELaurel McEwen
laurel@earthshift.com
802-434-3326 ext 103
2. Typical
Stumbling BlocksStumbling Blocks
Life Cycle Assessment Framework
• Goal & Scope
– Functional Unit
Goal &
Scope
Definition
Goal &
Scope
Definition
– Functional Unit
– System Boundary
• S iti it t
Inventory
Analysis
I
InterpretationInterpretation
• Sensitivity to
Assumptions
i i
Impact
Assessment
• Comparative Assertions
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3. The Functional UnitThe Functional Unit
• The basis for comparisonThe basis for comparison
– Consider:
• Function defined as closely asy
possible to end-use
• Performance quality
• Performance duration
• If necessary, physical or spatial
concernsconcerns
• Must reflect differences in functionality between two
materials or products
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p
1 gallon of good paint ≠ 1 gallon of cheap paint
4. Functional Unit Exercise
Goal: Compare the environmental impacts, cradle to grave, a
ceramic vs paper hot drink cup.
What is the service performed?
H d th ti diff i lit f iHow do the options differ in quality of service
performed?
What do you have to add to each option to make them they p
same? Ceramic Disposable
100 uses 1 use
No sleeve 100 sleeves
99 washes 0 washes
1 disposal 100 disposals
Changing the way we look at natural resources
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p p
1 ceramic cup 100 paper cups
FU = 100 8 oz servings of a hot drink
5. Goal:
To compare the environmental
burdens of a glass vs. a plasticg p
16 oz. jar of peanut butter.
Plastic Glass
Peanut Butter 16 oz. 16 oz.
Jar 1 3 oz PET 6 2 oz GlassJar 1.3 oz PET 6.2 oz Glass
Lid .3 oz PP .5 oz Steel
Seal 1 gm Paper 1 gm PE
What is the functional unit ?
Changing the way we look at natural resources
EarthEarthShiftShift
What is the system boundary ?
6. Functional Unit Exercise
Goal: Compare the environmental impacts, of a glass vs. a plastic 16 oz jar of
peanut butter.
What is the service performed?
How do the options differ in quality of service performed?
A h id i lAre they identical or….
Is oxygenation of oils faster in plastic?
Does the flavor alter faster in plastic?
Wh t d h t dd t h ti t k thWhat do you have to add to each option to make them
the same?
How can we get an equal 12 month shelf life?
FU = A container that can hold 16 oz of peanut butter for a 12
month shelf life
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month shelf life
7. Process Map for Jar of Peanut Butter
Raw
Materials
Manufacture Distribution Use Disposal
Roasting/
G i di
Peanuts T
Sugar T
Grinding
T
Distribution
Center
Mixing
Oil T
Glass T Jar Mfg T
Center
T Municipal
Waste
Paper T
PP T
Printer T
Lid Mfg T
Retailer
T
User
Storage T
Recycling
Individual
Packaging
Ink T
Paper T
Box Forming/
Printing T
Recycling
Carton
Packaging
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Cardboard T
Film T
Shrink
Wrapping
Carton
Packaging T
Printing T
8. Plastic Glass
Peanut Butter 16 oz. 16 oz.
Jar 1.3 oz PET 6.2 oz GlassJar 1.3 oz PET 6.2 oz Glass
Lid .3 oz PP .5 oz Steel
Seal 1 gm Paper 1 gm PE
Assumptions
• Both packages give me the same 12 month shelf life without
refrigeration……ignore use phase
• Both packages have the same spoilage……ignore peanut butter
I i fi i h d d 1 000k di ib i• I am transporting finished product 1,000km to my distribution
center.
• Materials are all transported the same distance into my plant,Materials are all transported the same distance into my plant,
100km
• Glass package needs a sturdier master with 20% more corrugated
b d
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board.
• Average US waste treatment of all materials at end of life.
10. If forgot
transport intransport in
system boundary
With 1,000km transport
Changing the way we look at natural resources
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Without 1,000km transport
11. Sensitivity to AssumptionsSensitivity to Assumptions
• Both packages give me the same 12 month shelf life withoutp g g
refrigeration……ignore use phase
• Both packages have the same spoilage……ignore peanut butter
• I am transporting finished product 1,000km to my
distribution center.
• Materials are all transported the same distance into my plant• Materials are all transported the same distance into my plant,
100km
• Glass package needs a sturdier master with 20% more
corrugated board.
• Average US waste treatment of all materials at end of life.
Changing the way we look at natural resources
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12. Sensitivity to Transport Distance
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15. ScopeScope
• the functions of the product
i h fsystem, or, in the case of
comparative studies, the
systems;
• the functional unit;
• the system boundary (cut off
rules);
• data requirements;
• assumptions;
• limitations;rules);
• allocation procedures;
• impact categories selected
d h d l f lif
• limitations;
• value choices
• data quality requirements;
• type of critical review if any;
and methodology of life
cycle impact assessment
(LCIA), and subsequent
i i b d
• type of critical review, if any;
• type and format of the report
required for the study.
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interpretation to be used;
16. Comparative AssertionsComparative Assertions
“In order to decrease the likelihood ofIn order to decrease the likelihood of
misunderstandings or negative effects on external
interested parties, a panel of interested parties shall
conduct critical reviews on LCA studies where the
results are intended to be used to support a
ti ti i t d d t b di l d t thcomparative assertion intended to be disclosed to the
public.”
ISO 14044 (2006) section 5.1
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17. Critical ReviewsCritical Reviews
• Provide:
– Reassurance to the commissioner that the study was done correctly andReassurance to the commissioner that the study was done correctly and
presents quality information
– Reassurance to readers that the results presented are backed up by science
– Solid substantiation against claims of false advertising or “greenwashing”g g g g
• The review team (panel of at least three members) should
include members familiar with the major technologies
t dpresented
• The review team should include members independent of the
commissioner and the practitionerp
• The review team should include at least one experienced LCA
practitioner (usually its chair)
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18. The review team ensures that:The review team ensures that:
• the methods used to carry out the LCA are consistent with ISO 14044
ISO th d l– ISO methodology
– Includes all the disclaimers required by ISO
• the methods used to carry out the LCA are scientifically and technically valid,
– Ensure there is no blatant burden shifting (e.g., assessing only energy and GHG in the case of
bio-based products or fuelsbio based products or fuels.
• the data used are appropriate and reasonable in relation to the goal of the study,
– Data on all flows are reasonable
– Boundary conditions are drawn fairly
• the interpretations reflect the limitations identified and the goal of the studythe interpretations reflect the limitations identified and the goal of the study,
– Sensitivity to all assumptions
– Uncertainty analysis to understand data quality limitations
– Information required for secondary goals, such as product improvement is included in the study
• the study report is transparent and consistentthe study report is transparent and consistent.
– Life cycle inventory (gate to gate) data are required for the review panel to assess this, although
it may remain confidential in the published report
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Source: ISO 14044, EarthShift 2010
19. Organize an effective study
WHAT IS YOUR GOAL ?
WHO IS YOUR AUDIENCE ?
• Convene goal and scope meeting with interested parties
• Conduct screening level LCA first
to test your system boundaries, and your assumptions,
to see where you need further LCI data, and
to learn which impact categories are important.
• Refine your screening level LCA to meet your goals and
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reporting needs
21. Environment Labels
and Declarationsand Declarations
International
ISO 14021 (1998) T 1 E l L b l• ISO 14021 (1998) Type 1 Environmental Labels
A label provided by a third party organization whom specifies the standards.
• ISO 14024 (1999) Type II Environmental Labels
An environmental claim made by the manufacturer themselves without evaluation by a thirdAn environmental claim made by the manufacturer themselves, without evaluation by a third
party.
• ISO 14025 (2006) Type III Environmental Labels
Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) providing quantified environmental data usingEnvironmental Product Declarations (EPD) providing quantified environmental data using
predetermined parameters set out in a product category rule (PCR). Requires a LCA.
• ISO 21930 (2007)
Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) for building products( ) g p
National
• FTC Part 260, Guides for use of Environmental Marketing Claims
24. Current US Legislation
HR 3543 (carbon disclosure) – Directs EPA to study the feasibility of
establishing a national program for measuring reporting publicly disclosingestablishing a national program for measuring, reporting, publicly disclosing,
and labeling products or materials sold in the United States for their carbon
content
HR 2454 (American Clean Energy and Security Act) – Passed
Sets forth provisions concerning clean energy, energy efficiency, reducing
global warming pollution, transitioning to a clean energy economy, andg g p g gy y
providing for agriculture and forestry related offsets
Senate 1733 (Energy Bill) - Provides for the establishment of a cap and
trade system for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission allowances and sets goals
of reducing U.S. emissions by 20% by 2020 and by 83% by 2050.
Changing the way we look at natural resources
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