The document explores Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, introduced in 1983, which expands the definition of intelligence beyond traditional IQ testing to include eight different types of intelligences and a potential ninth. It discusses the relationship between multiple intelligences and learning styles, outlining various learning preferences and suggesting tailored strategies for each type. The document emphasizes the importance of recognizing individual learning styles to enhance educational experiences for diverse learners.

1. UNDERSTANDING THE THEORIES AND CONCEPTS
OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
AND LEARNING STYLES
Reporter:
Jayson B. Gulla, MED- Math
UNDERSTANDING THE THEORIES AND CONCEPTS
OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
AND LEARNING STYLES

3. The Theory of Multiple Intelligences was created by
Dr. Howard Gardner in 1983.
Gardner’s theory places an emphasis on the idea that the
traditional understanding of intelligence by means of IQ testing is far
too limited.
Dr. Howard Gardner, 1983
Multiple Intelligences

4. MULTIPLE
INTELLIGENCES
To broaden this notion of
intelligence, Gardner
introduced eight different
types of intelligences
consisting of the following:
A more recent picture of Dr. Gardner

5. WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE ACCORDING TO
GARDNER?
It is the ability to solve problems or fashion products that are valuable in one or
more cultural settings.
Each person may have different multiple intelligences. Everyone can possess more
than one of it.
In January 2016, Gardner mentioned in an interview
with BigThink* that he is considering adding the
teaching-pedagogical intelligence "which allows us
to be able to teach successfully to other people"
In the same interview, he explicitly refused some
other suggested intelligences like humor, cooking
and sexual intelligence.
*BigThink is a multimedium web portal founded in 2007 by Victoria Brown and Peter Hopkins.

6. 1. Verbal-linguistic intelligence refers to an individual’s ability to analyze
information and produce work that involves oral and written language,
such as speeches, books, and emails.
Jose Rizal, William Shakespeare
2. Logical-mathematical intelligence describes the ability to develop
equations and proofs, make calculations, and solve abstract problems.
Bill Gates, Isaac Newton
3. Visual-spatial intelligence allows people to comprehend maps
and other types of graphical information.
Leonardo da Vinci, Stan Lee
Types of Multiple Intelligence

7. 4. Musical intelligence enables individuals to produce and make meaning
of different types of sound.
Beethoven, Stevie Wonder
5. Naturalistic intelligence refers to the ability to identify and distinguish
among different types of plants, animals, and weather formations found in
the natural world.
Charles Darwin, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
6. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence entails using one's own body to create
products or solve problems.
Michael Jordan, Manny Pacquiao
Types of Multiple Intelligence

8. 7. Interpersonal intelligence reflects an ability to recognize and understand
other people's moods, desires, motivations, and intentions.
Mahatma Gandhi, Mother Theresa
8. Intrapersonal intelligence refers to people's ability to recognize and assess
those same characteristics within themselves.
Sigmund Freud, Socrates
Types of Multiple Intelligence

9. TO DATE, THERE ARE 9 TYPES OF MULTIPLE
INTELLIGENCE PROPOSED BY GARDNER.
Gardner did not want to commit to a spiritual intelligence, but suggested that
an "existential" intelligence may be a useful construct, also proposed his 1999
book.
9. Existential intelligence: “The sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions
about human existence, such as the meaning of life, why we die and how we
got here.
Socrates, Buddha

10. Multiple intelligences is the same thing with learning styles.
Multiple intelligences represents different intellectual abilities.
Learning style is the approach to a wide range of materials or tasks
Learning experiences necessarily to relate to a person's strongest area
of intelligence.
Information can be presented in different ways.
Students can be classified as being specific types of learners or as
having an innate or fixed type of intelligence.
The learning styles of students are their individual gifts.
The Connection Between Multiple Intelligences
and Learning Styles

11. Learning styles simply group common ways people learn and store
information in their brain.
Each person is born with tendencies toward one main style.
There is no best style.
Each style has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Each learning style correspond to one type of intelligence.
The Connection Between Multiple Intelligences
and Learning Styles

13. What
are the different learning styles?

14. DIFFERENT LEARNING STYLES FOR HIGH
SCHOOL
1. Visual (spatial): You prefer using pictures, images, and
spatial understanding.
2. Aural (auditory-musical): You prefer using sound and
music.
3. Verbal (linguistic): You prefer using words, both in speech
and writing.
4. Physical (kinesthetic): You prefer using your body, hands,
and sense of touch.
5. Logical (mathematical): You prefer using logic, reasoning,
and systems.
6. Social (interpersonal): You prefer to learn in groups or with
other people.
7. Solitary (intrapersonal): You prefer to work alone and use
self-study.

15. Who
needs learning styles?

16. WHO NEEDS LEARNING STYLES?
Learning style strategies are most important for learners who:
• are being introduced to a new or relatively unfamiliar content
• are studying challenging or difficult information
• lack confidence
• have previously underachieved with one-size-fits all strategies
• require learning support, especially in spelling, reading, or
mathematics
• Are striving to master a foreign language or second language

17. Why
do we have to adopt different teaching styles?

19. How
do students learn
and how should teachers prepare information to be learned?

20. THE VISUAL/SPATIAL LEARNER IS SOMETIMES CALLED A RIGHT-BRAINED LEARNER. VISUAL
LEARNERS TEND TO REPRESENT A LARGER PERCENTAGE OF OVERALL LEARNING STYLES.
• Sees the big picture but may miss all the
little details
• Does not work or learn in a step-by-step
process
• Arrives at correct solutions but not able to
explain why
• Drill and repetition does not facilitate
learning
• Develops own method of (unusual)
problem solving
• May be a late bloomer
• Is a good synthesizer
• Reads maps well
•Use computer assisted learning
•Use charts, graphs, diagrams, and
flowcharts
•Use color, layout, ‘visual words’, and
spatial organization in your teaching
•Use mind maps
•Use color and pictures in place of text
whenever possible
•Underline or highlight important points
•Use a variety of colored pens, symbols,
concept maps, or time lines
•Place information note cards in highly
visible places in your study area
•Make an outline, summarize on paper
Suggested Activities for
a Visual Learner
Characteristics of
a Visual Learner

21. THE AURAL (AUDITORY) LEARNER LEARNS BEST BY HEARING (ACTIVE LISTENING). THESE LEARNERS
CAN USUALLY REMEMBER INFORMATION MORE ACCURATELY WHEN IT HAS BEEN EXPLAINED TO
THEM ORALLY.
• Think in words
• Relate well to time
• Tend to have incredible memories for
past conversations (such as jokes)
• Are step-by-step learners
• Learn by trial and error
• Attends well to details
• Have a great memory for music and lyrics
• Enjoy discussions, debates, and talking to
others
•Memorization is helpful
•Oral reading–Read, sub-vocalize, and
summarize aloud
•Listen to stories read to you
•Make use of tapes or CDs, and other
recorded materials
•Participate in co-op groups
•Record lectures and discussions
•Listen to the voice in your
head
•Explain things to someone else
•Create mnemonic devices or rhymes to
memorize facts, lists…then to make the
most out of it, set them to a jingle or part of
Suggested Activities for
an Aural Learner
Characteristics of
an Aural Learner

22. THE VERBAL (LINGUISTIC) LEARNER HAS THE ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE THROUGH LANGUAGE–
LISTENING, READING, WRITING, AND SPEAKING. THEY HAVE THE ABILITY TO REASON, SOLVE
PROBLEMS, AND LEARN USING LANGUAGE. THE VERBAL LEARNER DOES WELL IN AREAS SUCH AS
READING AND WRITING. THEY ARE GOOD LISTENERS AND HAVE A WELL-DEVELOPED MEMORY
FOR THINGS THEY HAVE READ. THEY ARE GOOD AT RECALLING SPOKEN INFORMATION.
• Prefer math word problems rather than
solving equations
• Enjoys writing poetry, speech and drama
classes, and language classes
• Tends to rewrite notes and outline
chapters
• Likes to recite information, learn scripts, or
participate in debates
• Can hear words, phrases and sentences
as they are being read silently
• Translates emotions into linguistic form
•Take comprehensive notes
•Make lists and headings in your notes
•Develop a word list, using key words or
phrases to trigger ideas
•Write summary paragraphs from your
notes
•Re-write or re-read your notes
•Review old tests
•Use outlines to organize information
•Generate test questions from lecture notes
•Talk yourself through procedures step-by-
step
Suggested Activities for
a Verbal Learner
Characteristics of
a Verbal Learner

23. THE PHYSICAL (KINESTHETIC/TACTILE) LEARNER IS AN ACTIVE DOER. THEY LEARN BEST BY
BECOMING PHYSICALLY INVOLVED WITH WHAT IS BEING LEARNED. THESE KIDS ARE IN
ALMOST CONSTANT MOTION–FIDGETY OR NEVER SITS STILL.
• Preference for “hands on” learning
• Can assemble parts without reading
directions
• Needs to be able to touch or manipulate
what is being learned
• Benefits from pictures or diagrams in notes
• Usually don’t have visuals in mind
• Tends to be less organized
• Sense of time difficult because they work
better in the present moment
• Likes to do artwork
• Likes to piece things together
• “Hands-on” or discussion-based lessons
are best
•Include personal examples to make
lecture notes more meaningful
•Make pictures, graphs. or concept maps
to engage all senses
•Recite, review information while engaged
in a physical activity such as walking,
jogging, bouncing a basketball, riding a
stationary bike
•Use workbooks and old tests to review
information
•Use role playing, use games, drama,
mime–act out material or design games
•Turn projects or lessons into art projects
Suggested Activities for
a Physical Learner
Characteristics of
a Physical Learner

24. THE LOGICAL (MATHEMATICAL) LEARNER LIKES USING HIS OR HER BRAIN FOR LOGICAL AND MATHEMATICAL
REASONING. THEY HAVE THE ABILITY TO REASON, SOLVE PROBLEMS, AND LEARN USING NUMBERS, ABSTRACT
VISUAL INFORMATION, AND ANALYSIS OF CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS. THEY ARE METHODICAL,
LINEAR THINKERS WHO CAN RECOGNIZE PATTERNS AND LOGICALLY ANALYZE PROBLEMS.
• Thinks logically most of the time
• Uses logical means to describe things,
ideas and emotions
• Wants to find out what logical concepts
are called
• Has strong visual analysis and memory
and problem solving skills
• Works best in structured, organized
environment
• Seeks new ways to express self logically
• Can tell when something is ‘wrong’ in a
certain logical style/when something is
•Write short summaries of what the material
means to you
•Aim to understand the reasons behind
lessons and skills. Don’t just rote learn.
Understanding more detail behind the
lesson content helps you memorize and
learn the material that you need to know.
Think about why it is important and what it
relates to.
•Create and use lists by extracting key
points from lessons–include statistics and
other analysis
•Play computer math games
•Conduct experiments in the back yard
Suggested Activities for
a Logical Learner
Characteristics of
a Logical Learner

25. THE SOCIAL (INTERPERSONAL) LEARNER COMMUNICATES WELL WITH PEOPLE, BOTH VERBALLY AND
NONVERBALLY. THESE LEARNERS ARE SENSITIVE TO THEIR MOTIVATIONS, FEELINGS, OR MOODS.
OTHERS OFTEN COME TO THEM FOR ADVICE OR HELP. SOCIAL LEARNERS USUALLY PREFER
LEARNING IN GROUPS OR CLASSES, SO HOMESCHOOL CO-OPS MIGHT BE VERY BENEFICIAL.
• Enjoys mentoring or counseling others
• Has a strong sense of intuition regarding
others’ opinions and preferences
• Is good at reading people and is good at
getting to the root cause of
communication problems
• Relates well with peers
• Likes cooperative learning activities
• Displays emotion appropriate to the
situation
• Helps others in need when appropriate
• Demonstrates conscious awareness of
•Role playing and drama are helpful
•Participate in co-op classes
•Use mind maps
•Use props to think through situations or
lessons
•Keep in touch with family and friends-calls,
letters, visits
•Join a volunteer or service-oriented group
•Find several pen friends from different
cultures and parts of the world
•Tutor another sibling or friend in an area of
expertise
•Use the praise-question-polish technique
•Give personal feedback to your learner
•Interview others for projects
Suggested Activities for
a Social Learner
Characteristics of
a Social Learner

26. A SOLITARY LEARNER, ALSO KNOWN AS AN INTRAPERSONAL LEARNER IS SOMEONE WHO
PREFERS LEARNING ON THEIR OWN. THESE TYPES OF STUDENTS ARE SELF-MOTIVATED, ENJOY
WORKING INDEPENDENTLY, AND LEARN BEST WHEN WORKING ALONE.
• Keeps a journal or diary
• Enjoys spending time alone
• Struggles in large crowds and noisy
rooms
• Likes to set goals and make plans
• Struggles in opening up to others
• Excellent self-management skills
• Has a strong sense of self
• Highly independent
•Set aside a little quiet time
each day
•Keep a journal or learning
log
•Be creative with role-
playing.
•Make a personal
development plan; set
short and long-term goals
for yourself and then follow
through on them
Suggested Activities for
a Solitary Learner
Characteristics of
a Solitary Learner

27. Where and
When
will we start?
Here and Now