Margins in stock markets help address the risk and uncertainty of share price movements. There are several types of margins for cash and futures/options markets. In cash markets, Value at Risk margin covers potential losses estimated using historical volatility. Extreme loss and mark-to-market margins also apply. For futures and options, initial and exposure margins cover estimated maximum losses of a portfolio under different scenarios, while premium and assignment margins apply to options contracts. Margin benefits can reduce requirements for offsetting positions.