10. 10
Psychology seeks to
measure, explain,
and change
behavior
Sociology studies
people in relation to their
fellow human beings
Social psychology
focuses on the
influence of people
on one another
Anthropology is the
study of societies
to learn about human
beings and their activities
Political science is the
study of the
behavior of individuals
and groups within
a political environment
12. Things which will be affected by Organizational
Behaviour
◦ Productivity
What factors influence the effectiveness and efficiency of
individuals
◦ Absenteeism
Absenteeism is not all bad
Having too high employee absent rate will affect
productivity
◦ Turnover
Not all turnover is bad
High turnover rate…in some degree affect productivity,
particularly for the hospitality industry
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13. ◦ Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)
No one will want to pick up the slack
No one would want to walk extra miles to achieve the
goals.
◦ Job satisfaction
Unhappy employees…what else can you say?
13
14. Discretionary behavior
Not part of an employee's formal job
requirements
Promotes the effective functioning of the
organization
14
15. Helping others on one's work team
Volunteering for extra job Behaviour activities
Avoiding unnecessary conflicts
Making constructive statements about one's
work group and the overall organization
15
19. Teams typically outperform
individuals.
Teams use employee talents
better.
Teams are more flexible and
responsive to changes in the
environment.
Teams facilitate employee
involvement.
Teams are an effective way
to democratize an
organization and increase
motivation.
20. Work Group
A group that interacts primarily to
share information and to make
decisions to help each group member
perform within his or her area of
responsibility
Work Team
A group whose individual efforts result in
a performance that is greater than the
sum of the individual inputs
21.
22. Problem-solving Teams
Groups of 5 to 12 employees from the same
department who meet to improve quality,
efficiency, and the work environment
Self-Managed Work Teams
Groups of 10 to 15 people who take on the
responsibilities of their former supervisors
(i.e., select employees, control operations,
working with suppliers, etc.)
23. Cross-Functional Teams
Employees from about the same hierarchical level, but from
different work areas (production, accounting, marketing, etc.),
who come together to accomplish a task
24. Characteristics of Virtual Teams
1. The absence of nonverbal cues
2. A limited social context
3. The ability to overcome time and space constraints
Virtual Teams
Teams that use computer
technology to tie together
physically dispersed members in
order to achieve a common goal
25.
26. The Challenges
◦ Overcoming individual resistance to team membership
◦ Countering the influence of individualistic cultures
◦ Introducing teams in an organization that has historically valued
individual achievement
Shaping Team Players
◦ Selecting employees who can fulfill their team roles
◦ Training employees to become team players
◦ Reworking the reward system to encourage cooperative efforts
while continuing to recognize individual contributions
27. Three tests to see if a team fits the situation:
◦ Is the work complex and is there a need for different
perspectives?
◦ Does the work create a common purpose or set of goals for
the group that is larger than the aggregate of the goals for
individuals?
◦ Are members of the group involved in interdependent
tasks?
29. Typical employee is getting older
More women and minorities in the workplace
Organizational Behavioural competition is
requiring employees to become more flexible
Historical loyalty-bonds that held many
employees to their employers are being severed
29
30. Workforce diversity -
organizations are
becoming a more
heterogeneous mix of
people in terms of
gender, age, race,
ethnicity, and sexual
orientation
30
31. Managers have to shift their philosophy from
treating everyone alike to recognizing
differences and responding to those differences
in ways that ensure employee retention and
greater productivity.
31
32. Improving People Skills
Improving Customer Service
Empowering People
Working in Networked Organizations
Stimulating Innovation and Change
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