Umicore is a multinational materials technology company headquartered in Brussels, Belgium that specializes in recycling precious metals and manufacturing specialized products using precious metals, cobalt, germanium, zinc, and other metals. It operates four business divisions: Energy Materials, Recycling, Catalysis, and Performance Materials. The Recycling division focuses on recycling spent rechargeable batteries and refining precious and base metals. Umicore has a battery recycling plant in Hoboken, Belgium that uses pyro-metallurgy and hydro-metallurgy to recover metals like cobalt, nickel, and lithium from lithium-ion and nickel metal hydride batteries. The plant manager discusses efforts to ensure batteries are
From battery-to-precursor - Recycling of Lithium-Ion BatteriesChristian Hanisch
The use of lithium-ion batteries has grown since the market entry of portable power tools and consumer electronic devices. Soon, the need for lithium-ion batteries (LIB) will rise, when they are used in hybrid and full electric vehicles as well as in energy storage systems to enable the use of renewable energies. To prevent a future shortage of cobalt, nickel and lithium and to enable a sustainable life cycle of these technologies, new recycling processes for LIBs are needed. These new processes have to regain not only cobalt, nickel, copper and aluminum from spent battery cells, but also a significant share of lithium. Therefore, this presentation approaches unit operations and their combination to set up for efficient LIB recycling processes, especially considering the task to recover high rates of valuable materials with regard to involved safety issues. Further discussed unit operations are:
• Deactivation / Discharging of the battery
• Disassembly of battery systems (specifically for EV-Battery Systems)
• Mechanical Processes (inert crushing, sorting, sieving and thermo-mechanical separation)
• Hydro-metallurgical processes
• Pyro-metallurgical processes
Sustainable production of battery chemicals from secondary resourceBusiness Turku
Session 3: From AI to Reuse & Recycling
Sustainable production of battery chemicals from secondary resources; CEO Kenneth Ekman, CrisolteQ Oy (A Fortum company)
PDF✔Download❤ Lithium Process Chemistry Resources Extraction Batteries and...mxmasinderas
Lithium Process Chemistry Resources Extraction Batteries and Recycling presents for the first time the most recent developments and stateoftheart of lithium production lithiumion batteries and their recycling.The book provides fundamental and theoretical knowledge on hydrometallurgy and electrochemistry in lithiumion batteries including terminology related to these two fields. It is of particular interest to electrochemists who usually have no knowledge in hydrometallurgy and hydrometallurgists not familiar with electrochemistry applied to Liion batteries.It is also useful for both teachers and students presenting an overview on Li production Liion battery technologies and lithium battery recycling processes that is accompanied by numerous graphical presentations of different battery systems and their electrochemical performances. The book represents the first time that hydrometallurgy
The document discusses Suncol's integrated solar roof element called THE Roof Element. It is a multifunctional roof panel that integrates solar thermal energy collection, thermal insulation, and a weatherproof structural element. This provides an all-in-one solution for building roofs compared to separate, piecemeal existing solutions. Suncol believes THE Roof Element will be more affordable and attractive for new zero-energy building requirements. It has the potential to disrupt current solar thermal and insulation panel markets in Europe.
CarE-Service ICT Platform Market Place by C-ECO and PRODOlgaRodrguezLargo
The document describes the CarE-Service community, which brings together various stakeholders in the automotive industry to enable circular solutions for electric vehicles. It outlines how a purchase manager named Lynda works with a remanufacturer named Boris to obtain battery modules for a new e-bike using remanufactured batteries from end-of-life electric vehicles. It also describes how a dismantler named Marco uses smart mobile modules to safely dismantle electric vehicles and test parts for reusability, selling usable parts through the community marketplace.
This document summarizes a project on polymer light-emitting diodes (Polymer LEDs). The project supervisor is Sir Asif Ahmed and the group leader is Nazakat Hussain. The group includes 3 members studying electrical engineering. The document introduces polymer LEDs, which use polymers as the semiconductor, and describes their working principle, advantages like efficiency and flexibility, and applications such as displays and lighting.
MaBIC 1er Congreso Internacional sobre Baterías Metal-aire
"Aspects of Battery Recycling Legislation” by José Pérez García - President Ecopilas www.ecopilas.es
Legislative requirements for the management of batteries and accumulators
Recycling basics of spent batteries and accumulators
Ecopilas: Integrated Battery Management System in Spain
From battery-to-precursor - Recycling of Lithium-Ion BatteriesChristian Hanisch
The use of lithium-ion batteries has grown since the market entry of portable power tools and consumer electronic devices. Soon, the need for lithium-ion batteries (LIB) will rise, when they are used in hybrid and full electric vehicles as well as in energy storage systems to enable the use of renewable energies. To prevent a future shortage of cobalt, nickel and lithium and to enable a sustainable life cycle of these technologies, new recycling processes for LIBs are needed. These new processes have to regain not only cobalt, nickel, copper and aluminum from spent battery cells, but also a significant share of lithium. Therefore, this presentation approaches unit operations and their combination to set up for efficient LIB recycling processes, especially considering the task to recover high rates of valuable materials with regard to involved safety issues. Further discussed unit operations are:
• Deactivation / Discharging of the battery
• Disassembly of battery systems (specifically for EV-Battery Systems)
• Mechanical Processes (inert crushing, sorting, sieving and thermo-mechanical separation)
• Hydro-metallurgical processes
• Pyro-metallurgical processes
Sustainable production of battery chemicals from secondary resourceBusiness Turku
Session 3: From AI to Reuse & Recycling
Sustainable production of battery chemicals from secondary resources; CEO Kenneth Ekman, CrisolteQ Oy (A Fortum company)
PDF✔Download❤ Lithium Process Chemistry Resources Extraction Batteries and...mxmasinderas
Lithium Process Chemistry Resources Extraction Batteries and Recycling presents for the first time the most recent developments and stateoftheart of lithium production lithiumion batteries and their recycling.The book provides fundamental and theoretical knowledge on hydrometallurgy and electrochemistry in lithiumion batteries including terminology related to these two fields. It is of particular interest to electrochemists who usually have no knowledge in hydrometallurgy and hydrometallurgists not familiar with electrochemistry applied to Liion batteries.It is also useful for both teachers and students presenting an overview on Li production Liion battery technologies and lithium battery recycling processes that is accompanied by numerous graphical presentations of different battery systems and their electrochemical performances. The book represents the first time that hydrometallurgy
The document discusses Suncol's integrated solar roof element called THE Roof Element. It is a multifunctional roof panel that integrates solar thermal energy collection, thermal insulation, and a weatherproof structural element. This provides an all-in-one solution for building roofs compared to separate, piecemeal existing solutions. Suncol believes THE Roof Element will be more affordable and attractive for new zero-energy building requirements. It has the potential to disrupt current solar thermal and insulation panel markets in Europe.
CarE-Service ICT Platform Market Place by C-ECO and PRODOlgaRodrguezLargo
The document describes the CarE-Service community, which brings together various stakeholders in the automotive industry to enable circular solutions for electric vehicles. It outlines how a purchase manager named Lynda works with a remanufacturer named Boris to obtain battery modules for a new e-bike using remanufactured batteries from end-of-life electric vehicles. It also describes how a dismantler named Marco uses smart mobile modules to safely dismantle electric vehicles and test parts for reusability, selling usable parts through the community marketplace.
This document summarizes a project on polymer light-emitting diodes (Polymer LEDs). The project supervisor is Sir Asif Ahmed and the group leader is Nazakat Hussain. The group includes 3 members studying electrical engineering. The document introduces polymer LEDs, which use polymers as the semiconductor, and describes their working principle, advantages like efficiency and flexibility, and applications such as displays and lighting.
MaBIC 1er Congreso Internacional sobre Baterías Metal-aire
"Aspects of Battery Recycling Legislation” by José Pérez García - President Ecopilas www.ecopilas.es
Legislative requirements for the management of batteries and accumulators
Recycling basics of spent batteries and accumulators
Ecopilas: Integrated Battery Management System in Spain
UMICORE’S BATTERY RECYCLING PROCESS: AN UPDATE ON WHAT'S DONE AND THE FUTURE ...DesignTeam8
Umicore is a global materials technology and recycling company that has a unique battery recycling process. It introduced its recycling process and business at the EV Battery Recycling Conference. Umicore has over 125 years of experience recycling complex waste streams containing precious and other valuable metals. It currently operates the world's largest battery recycling facility and can recycle 7,000 metric tons of lithium-ion batteries per year. Umicore's proprietary pyrometallurgical recycling process allows it to recover key battery metals like nickel, cobalt, and lithium from spent batteries with high yields over 95% and produce battery-grade materials to close the loop in the battery supply chain.
The German-Finnish Chamber of Commerce is organizing virtual B2B meetings between German battery recycling companies and Finnish market players from September 28th to October 2nd, 2020. The document provides descriptions of 10 German companies operating in the battery recycling sector, including their areas of expertise and the types of Finnish organizations they are looking to meet. These companies specialize in areas like mechanical recycling processes, battery data platforms, shockwave battery dismantling, precious metal recovery, and cathode material refining.
EcoNiLi Battery is a global battery recycling company headquartered in Singapore, with factories in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Pakistan, and an under-construction facility in Alicante, Spain/EU. We are dedicated to offering economical and sustainable end-of-life solutions for lithium-ion batteries.
Catering to clients worldwide, including OEMs, battery collectors and recycling companies, our specialization lies in providing efficient and eco-friendly solutions for li-ion battery recycling.
Our state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery recycling equipment is designed to comply with eco-friendly regulations while maximizing profitability for our customers. We take pride in offering quick setup, comprehensive training, and excellent after-sales services to ensure our customers can recycle black mass and shredded batteries with ease.
At EcoNiLi Battery, our ultimate goal is to promote a circular economy by reducing waste and creating a sustainable future. Our strength lies in our well-established supply chain, which allows us to establish central hubs in strategic locations, starting with Asia and expanding to Europe. These hubs will serve as collection and processing centers for end-of-life LIB, ensuring that the recycling process is efficient and cost-effective.
As a company, we are deeply committed to reducing waste and promoting sustainability in the battery industry. We firmly believe that our services play a vital role in creating a circular economy, and we take immense pride in being part of the solution.
If you seek an efficient and eco-friendly solution for li-ion battery recycling, EcoNiLi Battery is here to assist you. Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can help you achieve your sustainability goals.
This document discusses Li-ion battery recycling. It covers the legal framework for battery recycling in the EU, which includes extended producer responsibility and collection/recycling obligations. It then describes various battery recycling concepts and the challenges associated with each step of the recycling process from dismantling to pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. Specific challenges include battery safety, achieving high metal recovery rates, and handling the variety of battery materials. The document concludes by outlining Umicore's innovative ultra-high temperature recycling technology which allows for safe and cost-efficient recycling of various battery types.
This document provides an overview of battery technologies, including primary batteries that cannot be recharged and secondary batteries that can. It discusses common primary batteries like alkaline and lithium batteries. Common secondary batteries discussed are lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, and lithium-ion batteries. The document also notes that stricter environmental legislation will phase out nickel-cadmium batteries in Europe. Lithium-ion batteries are expected to dominate the rechargeable battery market over the next 20 years.
How to Start Recycling Business of Lithium Ion Battery | Battery Recycling Bu...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Lithium ion batteries are by far the most popular form of rechargeable battery in consumer electronics and power tools today, with millions of devices using them every year. However, when these lithium ion batteries reach the end of their useful lives, many people choose to throw them away instead of recycling them. Lithium ion batteries can be recycled and reused, reducing the need to harvest new materials to make new batteries and reduce pollution at the same time. If you are considering starting your own business, lithium ion battery recycling could be an ideal way to go green while providing your family with extra income.
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐮𝐬
NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES, DELHI
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
ENTREPRENEUR INDIA
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Mall ST,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com
info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054, 8800733955
Website: https://www.entrepreneurindia.co
https://www.niir.org
The document discusses a European project called CoLaBATS that aims to develop new industrial processes for recycling critical metals like cobalt, lanthanides, nickel, and lithium from waste batteries. The project involves 10 industry and academic partners who over 36 months will work to improve recycling efficiencies and metal purity recovery from spent waste batteries using innovative solvent-based approaches. The first newsletter provides an overview of the project launch and introduces some of the consortium members involved in the project.
Advanced method for reuse of Li-ion batteries and Analysis by new designed el...IOSR Journals
1. The document describes an advanced method for reusing lithium-ion batteries by chemically treating them and designing a new electronic circuit. The method involves injecting the same components from the original battery, especially lithium, back into the battery.
2. The designed electronic circuit is used to measure the electric potential of batteries that have been injected with solutions containing lithium iron oxide. Various parameters like duration time, pH, concentration, and temperature are analyzed.
3. The results show that increasing the duration time and concentration of the lithium iron oxide solution increases the battery voltage. Increasing the pH also increases the sensitivity of potential measurements. A relationship is observed between voltage, concentration, and duration time.
EV BATTERY RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY AND THE PRIMARY DRIVERSDesignTeam8
Ascend Elements was formerly known as Battery Resourcers and focuses on recycling lithium-ion batteries and manufacturing recycled cathode active materials using its patented Hydro-to-Cathode technology. It is expanding its US manufacturing capacity to 30,000 metric tons per year by 2022 and plans global capacity of 150,000 metric tons per year by 2026. Its Hydro-to-Cathode process directly converts battery materials into new cathode active materials, creating more value from recycling than traditional methods and providing a more sustainable solution for battery materials.
The document provides an update on the CoLaBATS project, which aims to develop an innovative chemical process for recycling lithium-ion and nickel-metal hydride batteries. The 11-stage chemical design was completed in December 2014 using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Ionic Liquids. Work will now focus on designing and constructing two pilot plants in the UK and Spain to test the process at a larger scale. The project aims to recover valuable materials like cobalt, lithium, and rare earth elements to contribute to a more circular economy in the EU.
OPTIMIZING BATTERY END-OF-LIFE BY STATIONARY APPLICATIONS AND RECYCLINGiQHub
The document discusses Enel X's focus on sustainable battery storage applications through various projects, including optimizing the end-of-life process for batteries by developing recycling technologies and utilizing second-life batteries in stationary storage applications to provide grid services. It provides an overview of Enel X's projects in the IPCEI Batteries and EuBatIn programs, which aim to advance recycling technologies and integrate battery storage with renewable energy and electric vehicle charging infrastructure.
Solid electrolytes for lithium ion solid state batteries patent landscape 201...Knowmade
Report’s Key Features
• PDF with > 250 slides
• Excel file > 5,800 patents
• IP trends, including time-evolution of published patents, legal status, countries of patent filings, etc.
• Ranking of main patent assignees
• Patent categorization by type of electrolyte (polymer, inorganic, inorganic/polymer) and inorganic electrolyte materials (sulfide glass ceramics, Thio-LISICON, argyrodite, oxide glass ceramics, NASICON, perovskite, garnet, anti-perovskite, hydride)
• For each technical segment: IP dynamics, ranking of main patent assignees, newcomers, key IP players (leadership, blocking potential, portfolio strength), key patents, and recent development trends
• For each key IP player (100+ companies): Time-evolution of patenting activity, legal status of patents and countries of patent filings, patent segmentation by electrolyte material, IP strengths and weaknesses by electrolyte material
• Excel database containing all patents analyzed in this report, including technology and material segmentations
This document discusses battery waste and its management. It notes that battery waste has become a major problem due to the large quantities generated and potential hazards. It then provides details on the types of batteries, including primary batteries that are single-use and secondary batteries that can be recharged. The document outlines regulations for battery waste management in India and describes the various processes involved in battery recycling, including collection, separation, smelting, and refining to recover the lead.
Creating More Efficient Batteries with New AnodesMargaret Smith
This document discusses potential improvements to lithium-ion battery technology through modifications to the battery anode. It first provides background on the current lithium-ion battery design and limitations, such as decreased charging capacity over time. The document then proposes two potential anode materials - lithium metal and titanium dioxide nanotubes - that could address these limitations. Lithium metal anodes could increase battery capacity and lifespan significantly but pose safety risks from expansion during charging. Titanium dioxide nanotube anodes allow for much faster charging through their nanoscale structure and may charge a battery in under 15 minutes, addressing a key limitation of electric vehicle batteries. The document considers ethical issues around resource use and safety that would need to be addressed for
This document summarizes battery waste management and recycling. It discusses that battery waste has become a major problem due to the large quantities generated and potential hazards. It then covers the types of batteries like lead-acid, alkaline, button cells, and lithium, as well as recycling processes like smelting to recover materials like lead. The document emphasizes the importance of battery recycling to conserve resources and reduce environmental impacts compared to extracting raw materials.
Lithium Battery & E-Waste (Electronic Waste) Recycling Industry. Battery Recycling as a Business. Electronic Waste Management, Disposal and Recycling
E-Waste
Electronic waste, or e-waste, is a term for electronic products that have become unwanted, non-working or obsolete, and have essentially reached the end of their useful life. Because technology advances at such a high rate, many electronic devices become “trash” after a few short years of use. In fact, whole categories of old electronic items contribute to e-waste such as VCRs being replaced by DVD players, and DVD players being replaced by Blu-ray players. E-waste is created from anything electronic: computers, TVs, monitors, cell phones, PDAs, VCRs, CD players, fax machines, printers, etc.
Electronics (E-waste) Recycling
Electronics waste, commonly known as e-scrap and e-waste, is the trash we generate from surplus, broken and obsolete electronic devices. E-waste or electronics recycling is the process of recovering material from old devices to use in new products.
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Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
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The document discusses the recycling of lithium-ion batteries in Europe. It notes that lithium-ion batteries are increasingly being used in electric vehicles, electronics, and energy storage due to the energy transition. However, Europe is highly dependent on Asia for battery production and recycling. The European Commission launched the European Battery Alliance to develop Europe's battery industry and recycling capabilities. Recycling lithium-ion batteries presents challenges due to the diversity of battery types, changing battery compositions over time, and an immature recycling market. The document examines these challenges and outlines opportunities for Europe to develop its battery recycling industry.
A global overview of the geology and economics of lithium productionJohn Sykes
Lithium demand is growing fast, driven by a wide range of battery applications, which are in turn changing the structure of
demand, the lithium supply chain and potentially raw material requirements though much still remains uncertain;
•
Geologically ‘brine’ salars and ‘hard rock’ pegmatites remain the most important lithium deposit types in terms of
production and undeveloped resources, however, there are some interesting emerging sedimentary / clay deposits and
unconventional brine concepts and lithium remains very ‘under explored’ globally;
•
Spodumene pegmatites in Australia are the fastest growing source of supply, however, long term competitiveness may be
dependent on successful downstream integration targeting the battery industry;
•
The concept of a Western Australian ‘Lithium Valley’ is possible, despite high costs, due to the number of quality mines,
proximity to Asia, and the unit reduction in freight costs associated with the low grade spodumene concentrate , in addition
to the ‘cluster effect’ of many minerals businesses, specialists and students;
•
The ‘green’ association of lithium use presents a challenge of ‘strategic coherence’ to explorers and miners impacting
decisions around exploration, mining, investors, stakeholders, and leadership;
•
But remember, we are in an unsustainable ‘lithium boom’ of high prices and high volume growth future long term growth
of the industry is reliant on structurally lower prices, and thus structurally lower costs.
The document provides an update on the CoLaBATS project, which aims to develop a novel process for recycling lithium-ion batteries. It notes that the project has completed the selection of task-specific ionic liquids and green chemistry approaches, allowing work to begin on developing and building a pilot plant. Over the next six months, the consortium will host workshops, scale up the prototype, and begin production of the pilot plant with the goal of demonstrating the novel recycling process. The document also discusses sustainability and developing a circular economy for batteries through reuse, remanufacturing, and improving recycling.
Taurus Zodiac Sign: Unveiling the Traits, Dates, and Horoscope Insights of th...my Pandit
Dive into the steadfast world of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the grounded, stable, and logical nature of Taurus individuals, and explore their key personality traits, important dates, and horoscope insights. Learn how the determination and patience of the Taurus sign make them the rock-steady achievers and anchors of the zodiac.
UMICORE’S BATTERY RECYCLING PROCESS: AN UPDATE ON WHAT'S DONE AND THE FUTURE ...DesignTeam8
Umicore is a global materials technology and recycling company that has a unique battery recycling process. It introduced its recycling process and business at the EV Battery Recycling Conference. Umicore has over 125 years of experience recycling complex waste streams containing precious and other valuable metals. It currently operates the world's largest battery recycling facility and can recycle 7,000 metric tons of lithium-ion batteries per year. Umicore's proprietary pyrometallurgical recycling process allows it to recover key battery metals like nickel, cobalt, and lithium from spent batteries with high yields over 95% and produce battery-grade materials to close the loop in the battery supply chain.
The German-Finnish Chamber of Commerce is organizing virtual B2B meetings between German battery recycling companies and Finnish market players from September 28th to October 2nd, 2020. The document provides descriptions of 10 German companies operating in the battery recycling sector, including their areas of expertise and the types of Finnish organizations they are looking to meet. These companies specialize in areas like mechanical recycling processes, battery data platforms, shockwave battery dismantling, precious metal recovery, and cathode material refining.
EcoNiLi Battery is a global battery recycling company headquartered in Singapore, with factories in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Pakistan, and an under-construction facility in Alicante, Spain/EU. We are dedicated to offering economical and sustainable end-of-life solutions for lithium-ion batteries.
Catering to clients worldwide, including OEMs, battery collectors and recycling companies, our specialization lies in providing efficient and eco-friendly solutions for li-ion battery recycling.
Our state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery recycling equipment is designed to comply with eco-friendly regulations while maximizing profitability for our customers. We take pride in offering quick setup, comprehensive training, and excellent after-sales services to ensure our customers can recycle black mass and shredded batteries with ease.
At EcoNiLi Battery, our ultimate goal is to promote a circular economy by reducing waste and creating a sustainable future. Our strength lies in our well-established supply chain, which allows us to establish central hubs in strategic locations, starting with Asia and expanding to Europe. These hubs will serve as collection and processing centers for end-of-life LIB, ensuring that the recycling process is efficient and cost-effective.
As a company, we are deeply committed to reducing waste and promoting sustainability in the battery industry. We firmly believe that our services play a vital role in creating a circular economy, and we take immense pride in being part of the solution.
If you seek an efficient and eco-friendly solution for li-ion battery recycling, EcoNiLi Battery is here to assist you. Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can help you achieve your sustainability goals.
This document discusses Li-ion battery recycling. It covers the legal framework for battery recycling in the EU, which includes extended producer responsibility and collection/recycling obligations. It then describes various battery recycling concepts and the challenges associated with each step of the recycling process from dismantling to pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. Specific challenges include battery safety, achieving high metal recovery rates, and handling the variety of battery materials. The document concludes by outlining Umicore's innovative ultra-high temperature recycling technology which allows for safe and cost-efficient recycling of various battery types.
This document provides an overview of battery technologies, including primary batteries that cannot be recharged and secondary batteries that can. It discusses common primary batteries like alkaline and lithium batteries. Common secondary batteries discussed are lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, and lithium-ion batteries. The document also notes that stricter environmental legislation will phase out nickel-cadmium batteries in Europe. Lithium-ion batteries are expected to dominate the rechargeable battery market over the next 20 years.
How to Start Recycling Business of Lithium Ion Battery | Battery Recycling Bu...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Lithium ion batteries are by far the most popular form of rechargeable battery in consumer electronics and power tools today, with millions of devices using them every year. However, when these lithium ion batteries reach the end of their useful lives, many people choose to throw them away instead of recycling them. Lithium ion batteries can be recycled and reused, reducing the need to harvest new materials to make new batteries and reduce pollution at the same time. If you are considering starting your own business, lithium ion battery recycling could be an ideal way to go green while providing your family with extra income.
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐮𝐬
NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES, DELHI
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
ENTREPRENEUR INDIA
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Mall ST,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com
info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054, 8800733955
Website: https://www.entrepreneurindia.co
https://www.niir.org
The document discusses a European project called CoLaBATS that aims to develop new industrial processes for recycling critical metals like cobalt, lanthanides, nickel, and lithium from waste batteries. The project involves 10 industry and academic partners who over 36 months will work to improve recycling efficiencies and metal purity recovery from spent waste batteries using innovative solvent-based approaches. The first newsletter provides an overview of the project launch and introduces some of the consortium members involved in the project.
Advanced method for reuse of Li-ion batteries and Analysis by new designed el...IOSR Journals
1. The document describes an advanced method for reusing lithium-ion batteries by chemically treating them and designing a new electronic circuit. The method involves injecting the same components from the original battery, especially lithium, back into the battery.
2. The designed electronic circuit is used to measure the electric potential of batteries that have been injected with solutions containing lithium iron oxide. Various parameters like duration time, pH, concentration, and temperature are analyzed.
3. The results show that increasing the duration time and concentration of the lithium iron oxide solution increases the battery voltage. Increasing the pH also increases the sensitivity of potential measurements. A relationship is observed between voltage, concentration, and duration time.
EV BATTERY RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY AND THE PRIMARY DRIVERSDesignTeam8
Ascend Elements was formerly known as Battery Resourcers and focuses on recycling lithium-ion batteries and manufacturing recycled cathode active materials using its patented Hydro-to-Cathode technology. It is expanding its US manufacturing capacity to 30,000 metric tons per year by 2022 and plans global capacity of 150,000 metric tons per year by 2026. Its Hydro-to-Cathode process directly converts battery materials into new cathode active materials, creating more value from recycling than traditional methods and providing a more sustainable solution for battery materials.
The document provides an update on the CoLaBATS project, which aims to develop an innovative chemical process for recycling lithium-ion and nickel-metal hydride batteries. The 11-stage chemical design was completed in December 2014 using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Ionic Liquids. Work will now focus on designing and constructing two pilot plants in the UK and Spain to test the process at a larger scale. The project aims to recover valuable materials like cobalt, lithium, and rare earth elements to contribute to a more circular economy in the EU.
OPTIMIZING BATTERY END-OF-LIFE BY STATIONARY APPLICATIONS AND RECYCLINGiQHub
The document discusses Enel X's focus on sustainable battery storage applications through various projects, including optimizing the end-of-life process for batteries by developing recycling technologies and utilizing second-life batteries in stationary storage applications to provide grid services. It provides an overview of Enel X's projects in the IPCEI Batteries and EuBatIn programs, which aim to advance recycling technologies and integrate battery storage with renewable energy and electric vehicle charging infrastructure.
Solid electrolytes for lithium ion solid state batteries patent landscape 201...Knowmade
Report’s Key Features
• PDF with > 250 slides
• Excel file > 5,800 patents
• IP trends, including time-evolution of published patents, legal status, countries of patent filings, etc.
• Ranking of main patent assignees
• Patent categorization by type of electrolyte (polymer, inorganic, inorganic/polymer) and inorganic electrolyte materials (sulfide glass ceramics, Thio-LISICON, argyrodite, oxide glass ceramics, NASICON, perovskite, garnet, anti-perovskite, hydride)
• For each technical segment: IP dynamics, ranking of main patent assignees, newcomers, key IP players (leadership, blocking potential, portfolio strength), key patents, and recent development trends
• For each key IP player (100+ companies): Time-evolution of patenting activity, legal status of patents and countries of patent filings, patent segmentation by electrolyte material, IP strengths and weaknesses by electrolyte material
• Excel database containing all patents analyzed in this report, including technology and material segmentations
This document discusses battery waste and its management. It notes that battery waste has become a major problem due to the large quantities generated and potential hazards. It then provides details on the types of batteries, including primary batteries that are single-use and secondary batteries that can be recharged. The document outlines regulations for battery waste management in India and describes the various processes involved in battery recycling, including collection, separation, smelting, and refining to recover the lead.
Creating More Efficient Batteries with New AnodesMargaret Smith
This document discusses potential improvements to lithium-ion battery technology through modifications to the battery anode. It first provides background on the current lithium-ion battery design and limitations, such as decreased charging capacity over time. The document then proposes two potential anode materials - lithium metal and titanium dioxide nanotubes - that could address these limitations. Lithium metal anodes could increase battery capacity and lifespan significantly but pose safety risks from expansion during charging. Titanium dioxide nanotube anodes allow for much faster charging through their nanoscale structure and may charge a battery in under 15 minutes, addressing a key limitation of electric vehicle batteries. The document considers ethical issues around resource use and safety that would need to be addressed for
This document summarizes battery waste management and recycling. It discusses that battery waste has become a major problem due to the large quantities generated and potential hazards. It then covers the types of batteries like lead-acid, alkaline, button cells, and lithium, as well as recycling processes like smelting to recover materials like lead. The document emphasizes the importance of battery recycling to conserve resources and reduce environmental impacts compared to extracting raw materials.
Lithium Battery & E-Waste (Electronic Waste) Recycling Industry. Battery Recycling as a Business. Electronic Waste Management, Disposal and Recycling
E-Waste
Electronic waste, or e-waste, is a term for electronic products that have become unwanted, non-working or obsolete, and have essentially reached the end of their useful life. Because technology advances at such a high rate, many electronic devices become “trash” after a few short years of use. In fact, whole categories of old electronic items contribute to e-waste such as VCRs being replaced by DVD players, and DVD players being replaced by Blu-ray players. E-waste is created from anything electronic: computers, TVs, monitors, cell phones, PDAs, VCRs, CD players, fax machines, printers, etc.
Electronics (E-waste) Recycling
Electronics waste, commonly known as e-scrap and e-waste, is the trash we generate from surplus, broken and obsolete electronic devices. E-waste or electronics recycling is the process of recovering material from old devices to use in new products.
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The document discusses the recycling of lithium-ion batteries in Europe. It notes that lithium-ion batteries are increasingly being used in electric vehicles, electronics, and energy storage due to the energy transition. However, Europe is highly dependent on Asia for battery production and recycling. The European Commission launched the European Battery Alliance to develop Europe's battery industry and recycling capabilities. Recycling lithium-ion batteries presents challenges due to the diversity of battery types, changing battery compositions over time, and an immature recycling market. The document examines these challenges and outlines opportunities for Europe to develop its battery recycling industry.
A global overview of the geology and economics of lithium productionJohn Sykes
Lithium demand is growing fast, driven by a wide range of battery applications, which are in turn changing the structure of
demand, the lithium supply chain and potentially raw material requirements though much still remains uncertain;
•
Geologically ‘brine’ salars and ‘hard rock’ pegmatites remain the most important lithium deposit types in terms of
production and undeveloped resources, however, there are some interesting emerging sedimentary / clay deposits and
unconventional brine concepts and lithium remains very ‘under explored’ globally;
•
Spodumene pegmatites in Australia are the fastest growing source of supply, however, long term competitiveness may be
dependent on successful downstream integration targeting the battery industry;
•
The concept of a Western Australian ‘Lithium Valley’ is possible, despite high costs, due to the number of quality mines,
proximity to Asia, and the unit reduction in freight costs associated with the low grade spodumene concentrate , in addition
to the ‘cluster effect’ of many minerals businesses, specialists and students;
•
The ‘green’ association of lithium use presents a challenge of ‘strategic coherence’ to explorers and miners impacting
decisions around exploration, mining, investors, stakeholders, and leadership;
•
But remember, we are in an unsustainable ‘lithium boom’ of high prices and high volume growth future long term growth
of the industry is reliant on structurally lower prices, and thus structurally lower costs.
The document provides an update on the CoLaBATS project, which aims to develop a novel process for recycling lithium-ion batteries. It notes that the project has completed the selection of task-specific ionic liquids and green chemistry approaches, allowing work to begin on developing and building a pilot plant. Over the next six months, the consortium will host workshops, scale up the prototype, and begin production of the pilot plant with the goal of demonstrating the novel recycling process. The document also discusses sustainability and developing a circular economy for batteries through reuse, remanufacturing, and improving recycling.
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- Initiatives and Action Plans
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- Systematic strategy formulation and execution.
- Framework flexibility and automation.
- Enhanced alignment and strategic focus across the organization.
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Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
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We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
• Present the Onion Diagram, a tool for contextualizing task-level goals
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• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
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Storytelling is an incredibly valuable tool to share data and information. To get the most impact from stories there are a number of key ingredients. These are based on science and human nature. Using these elements in a story you can deliver information impactfully, ensure action and drive change.
1. Umicore Company
Umicore N.V.. formerly Union Minière, is a multinational materials technology company
headquartered in Brussels, Belgium.
Umicore has since reshaped itself into a more technology-focused business encompassing such
areas as the refining and recycling of precious metals and the manufacture of specialised
products from precious metals, cobalt, germanium, zinc, and other metals.
All of Medtronic’s rechargeable batteries are lithium ion—we’ve been doing this since
2004,” said Caldwell during her presentation. The recharging of implanted batteries is all
inductive.
Lithium ion batteries come in all sizes. Some of the tiniest are used in the medical field to
power bioengineering devices. Often, these devices are implanted within the body to
help monitor and maintain health.
CEO:- Mark Grynberg
Operations:-
Umicore now "generates the majority of its revenues from clean technologies, such
as recycling, emission control catalysts, materials for rechargeable batteries, and photovoltaics".
Business divisions[edit]
The company divides its operations into four divisions: Energy Materials, Recycling, Catalysis,
and Performance Materials.
Energy Materials
The Energy Materials division manufactures a range of specialised metal and metalloid products
for industrial use, including fine metal powders for diamond and hard metal tools, as well
as oxides and salts of cobalt, lithium and nickel for use in batteries, glass and ceramics.[22]
The
division also produces and markets products of germanium, both in compounds
for doping optical fibres, semiconductor wafers and infrared optics.[22]
The unit is headquartered
at the company's plant in Olen near Antwerp, with production and commercial facilities in a
number of countries worldwide.
Recycling
The Recycling business segment covers four main activities: its core business is
the recycling and refining of various precious and other non-ferrous metals, as well as
certain nonmetals such as selenium.[24]
Umicore is the world's largest recycler of precious
metals.[25]
Most of the materials (around two-thirds in terms of refining charges)[26]
put through the
refining process are by-products from the production of non-ferrous metals, such as dross, matte,
and speiss from the zinc smelting industry and anode sludge built up during electrolysis.[27]
Other
sources of materials used for recycling include slag, spent fuel cells, automotive and
industrial catalysts and scrap electronic equipment.[24]
Production is headquartered at Umicore's
precious metals facility in Hoboken near Antwerp, with other plants in Germany and the United
States.[28]
Battery Recycling is a second business unit, focused on the recycling of spent rechargeable
batteries from laptops, mobile phones, and hybrid electric vehicles.
Catalysis:-
2. Umicore's third business segment, its largest in terms of revenue,[2]
is composed of two
subdivisions, Automotive Catalysts and Precious Metals Chemistry. In automotive catalysts, a
field in which the company had begun research in 1968,[31]
the company ranks third in global
market share[32]
behind BASF Catalysts (formerly Engelhard) and Johnson Matthey. Umicore
increased its presence in the sector with the June 2007 purchase of the catalyst division of
troubled American auto parts manufacturer Delphi for $55.6 million.
Our recycling process
By combining a unique pyro-metallurgical treatment and a state-of-the-art hydro-metallurgical
process, Umicore is able to recycle all types and all sizes of Li-ion and NiMH batteries in the
most sustainable way.
The Umicore pyro-metallurgical phase converts the batteries into 3 fractions:
An alloy, containing the valuable metals Cobalt, Nickel and Copper designed for the downstream
hydro-metallurgical process.
A slag fraction which can be used in the construction industry or further processed for metal
recovery. The slag from Li-ion batteries can be integrated in standard Li recovery flowsheets
trough a cooperation with external partners. The slag from NiMH batteries can be processed to a
Rare Earth Elements concentrate that is then further refined through a cooperation with Solvay.
Clean air, released from the stack after it has been treated by the UHT’s unique gas cleaning
process.
The pyro-metallurgical step deploys Umicore’s unique UHT technology. The UHT technology
is pushing the boundaries for recycling and sets a new standard in Best Available Technology for
metallurgical recycling processes. It is designed to safely treat large volumes of different types of
complex metal based waste streams. It differentiates itself from other recycling technologies, by
A higher metal recovery compared to existing processes and the output of directly marketable
products.
Direct feeding of the batteries, which avoids the need for any potentially hazardous pre-treatment
The gas cleaning system, which guarantees that all organic compounds are fully decomposed
and that no harmful dioxins or volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) are produced. Fluorine is
safely captured in the flue dust.
Reducing the consumption of energy and CO2 emissions to a minimum by using the energy
present inside the battery components (electrolyte, plastics and metals).
Generating close to zero waste
By recovering strategic elements like Cobalt and Lithium from end-of-life batteries, Umicore is
leading the way towards a circular economy, providing solutions to the growing demand for
sustainably sourced materials.
With an installed capacity of 7.000 metric tons per year,the UHT furnace in Hoboken is one of
the largest dedicated recycling installations for Li-ion and NiMH batteries in the world.
7.000 mt =
± 250.000.000 mobile phone batteries
± 2.000.000 E-bike batteries
± 35.000 EV batteries
In the subsequent hydro-metallurgical process, the alloy is further refined so the metals can be
converted into active cathode materials for the production of new rechargeable batteries.
Since long, Umicore is a leading supplier of key materials for rechargeable batteries used in
portable electronics and hybrid & electric cars.
3. Why Umicore?
The correct disposal of dangerous waste material like end-of-life Li-ion and NiMH batteries can
be complex and at times worrisome. That is why Umicore works hard to provide comprehensive
peace of mind solutions to OEM’s and battery collectors around the globe, through:
n September 2011, Belgium’s first battery recycling plant opened in Hoboken.
The €25 million battery recycling and development centre can recover nearly all
the elements used in electric and hybrid cars, but so far only two car companies
have signed deals with it. Despite the EU batteries directive, recycling lithium is
an expensive process and for the moment, the Hoboken plant is operating
beneath its capacity.
Sybolt Brouwer is the general manager of the Umicore battery recycling plant. He was
talking to EURACTIV’s environment and energy correspondent, Arthur Neslen
Are you satisfied that electric car manufacturers have given enough thought to
what will happen to their lithium batteries at the end of their life cycle?
Yes I think so, because we talk to car manufacturers and they all consider us to be a
serious candidate for recycling their batteries. With a lot of these things, during the
development phase, recycling or end-of-life gets a bit forgotten. Automobiles are not
a unique example of that. Designfor recycling is something that a lot of manufacturers
should consider more. There is room for improvement there.
4. Is there a chance that lithium batteries could end up being incinerated or buried
in landfills?
I don’t think that’s an option. If you have a green policy and you have a green car –
which is fantastic – then it’s very hard to make your battery’s end of life the end of your
green image also.
And yet a number of car companies still don’t seem to have plans for recycling
these batteries.
Well the market for end of life batteries is still small. They don’t have their own plans
for that, but we offer them a service.
Who are you talking to about this?
We are talking a lot to everybody. Tesla is one that we have already talked about.
They have decided to go public on that but we respect those who choose to be low
profile.
Which batteries are recyclable?
There are two different types of batteries – the lithium-ion and the nickel metal hydride
batteries – and two different types of application that we recycle. It’s the portables you
find in your cellphone, laptop or kids toys because they’re the rechargeable nickel
metal hydrides, and then there are the automobile batteries from hybrid and electric
cars, like the Toyota Prius and the Honda Insight.
There was a disaster at a battery recycling plant in Hampshire in England
recently. What’s your strategy to avoid a repetition of that?
It’s a lesson that we already knew: You have to know what you’re doing. Why?
Because batteries are like a little chemical factory in themselves. They’re charged and
when you make short cuts, short circuits, they can heat up and create a fire. What
we’ve done over here in the handling and storage of batteries is take all the knowledge
in the market and that we’ve built up ourselves [and create] a system that’s workable,
a system with detection and segregation of storage so that if there is a fire, in the end,
it cannot spread. There are a lot of things you can do to avoid fire. We have addressed
a lot of them.
Are there any changes to product design requirements that would help your
work?
Lithium-ion is quite a general term. In a Lithium-ion battery there can be cobalt, nickel,
manganese iron, and other elements in all kinds of combinations. In the process of
going from the old pure lithium cobalt batteries to a lithium-ion phosphate battery or
lithium manganese battery, you decrease the value of the metals inside. But the cost
of recycling will not decrease by the same amount. Depending on what kind of battery
you have, this will cost money. The Tesla battery is a high end cobalt-containing
battery that saves money in recycling, but with many of the others, recycling is a cost.
We can recover lithium from batteries in our [recycling] process but it is more
expensive than the price of primary lithium for the moment.
5. How would you like to see product design requirements changed? Which
elements would you like to see used more and which used less?
I would like to communicate – and this is our responsibility also – to the product
designers the impact of their designs on recycling, but I am not a battery expert. We
should make them aware of the impacts at least.
What quantities of batteries are you recycling that have been imported from
abroad?
The majority. This facility has a capacity of 7,000 tonnes a year. That’s around 250
million small batteries and this capacity has not been filled yet. We didn’t expect it to
because we are being proactive for the future. The amount coming from Belgium itself
now is really limited because electric car batteries are in an introductory phase. Our
main amounts come from mobile phones, and laptops, from collection networks all
over Europe.
Can you tell me from which countries they mainly come from?
They’re countries with developed performance collection networks, like the
Scandinavian countries, and also Germany, England, and France.
And from outside Europe?
You can imagine that most batteries are produced in Asia and not all of them are a
success. Some of these are coming to us. But this kind of battery recycling is driven
by legislation and there is legislation in Europe that says you have to collect 25% by
next year and 45% by 2016.
Do you think we’re on track to meet it?
I think for some countries it will be a challenge but other countries have already
developed, although there are a lot of countries which lag a little bit behind.
Which ones?
Maybe the ones I didn’t mention before. I don’t want to specifically mention any
country.
Why do you think only two car companies have agreed recycling deals with you
so far?
That’s a good question. I don’t know actually. Maybe this company [Tesla] was happy
with the results and clearing out of all their batteries. For the others, this is a process.
The recycling of batteries comes at a cost. It is a service that we give. This is unlike
recycling a car catalyst, which is underneath, because we can pay for that. There’s
money in it. This has to be paid for and that’s an important message that has to be
explained many times.
Should there be greater assistance from member states and from the EU itself?
I think that the laws are already clear on this.
6. I’m talking about tariffs, or bringing recycling into the ETS more. Could there be
ways of bringing revenue streams online that would help mitigate the costs?
That might be a solution. You’re talking about portable battery recycling. We pay
everything up front for our battery recycling. What do I think of those kinds of schemes?
I’m not a specialist to be honest.
Are you satisfied that the recycling points and collections going back to
manufacturers and vendors – that were talked about in 2010 – are advancing at
a fast enough speed?
You can look at the statistics and see that some countries are already beyond the 25%
(target for 2012) and some others are lagging behind. But then I understand that some
of these countries are making efforts to get there.
Which electric car batteries cause you the most problems?
There are differences between one electric car battery and another. These batteries
can weigh be between 50 and 250 kilos. Some of them are designed for dismantling
and recycling. You can take out the modules. There’s a big battery and all sorts of
small modules that need to be recycled. Other batteries are more of a challenge to
dismantle. That is what I mean by design for recycling, and that is also an incentive
we give to car manufacturers in discussing and investing how this can be optimised.
This is the first battery recycling plant in Belgium. Why haven’t there been
more? Why isn’t the EU legislation leading to a proliferation of these plants?
I think it’s because it’s the first industrial one on this scale. But the 7,000 tonnes I told
you about is way beyond what we need at the moment. We don’t take that yet. For us
this is important because we want to be ready (for when the EU batteries directive is
implemented) and also this is a showcase, an experience-building thing.
Does it suggest a policy failure?
No I don’t think so. There are a lot of other recycling companies and for the moment
that seems to be enough. You can ask why other companies aren’t yet ready for
something which will really be exploding in five or ten year’s time. We want to build the
expertise to get ready for that time. We are convinced that we should go this way as
a technology platform.
What rare earth recycling takes place here?
Nickel hydride batteries are the only ones that contain rare earths. In a lithium-ion
battery there are none. Our aim as Umicore is to close the loop on metals. We do it
now with cobalt and nickel and now we also have a supply of nickel metal hydride
batteries which contain rare earths. We also designed a process together with Rhodia
(a French chemical company) to refine and recycle, and get rare earths back into the
process. We have sort of the same thing for lithium but that doesn’t pay off yet,
because the price of lithium is low. For rare earths the price is high enough to do this
but if prices go down to their historical level, we might come to a point where we stop
it.
7. So you’re dependent on market prices for all of this?
Yes
But at the same time, environmentally there are resource needs and climate
needs that might not be able to wait for prices to align correctly.
Yes, that’s correct.
What’s the implication of that?
The implication is that if the prices fluctuate according to market supply and demand,
then you might not be ready for the moment when you need to be.
Is that an argument for greater regulation of the markets or intervention by
policy makers?
It might be an idea to ask for a certain amount of recycled material in your product. If
you know that there are companies that can do the recycling and you need a recycled
product, then these companies can compete amongst each other for a best price that
is not related to the market price.
So if there was a requirement on them to use recycled materials in the
manufacture of their products in the first place, that would guarantee a market
for those recycled products?
Article from economictimes:-
KOLKATA: The lithium-ion batterymarketis expected to grow exponentiallyin the next five years in India and its
recycling offers a $1000 million opportunityby 2030,JMK Research has estimated. However,recycling would
gather momentum onlywhen the Indian governmentbrings in a well-defined regulatoryand policy framework
said the research firm.
nitiatives by the centre that will accelerate the growth of lithium-ion batterymarketin India include National
Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020,with a projection of getting 6-7 million electric vehicles on Indian roads by
2020,installation of175 GW of renewable energyby 2022.
As per JMK Research estimates,the lithium-ion batterymarketin India is expected to increase from 2.9 GWh in
2018 to about 132 GWh by 2030 (CAGR of 35.5%). The increasing volume oflithium -ion batteries would,in turn,
lead to a growing capacity of 'spent'batteries in the ecosystem which ifleft untreated would lead to health and
environmental hazards.
Precious metals comprising these batteries would be lostforever. Therefore,managing this lithium-ion battery
waste through recycling is a necessity.
JMK research estimates thatthe recycling marketin India will start picking up from the year 2022 onwards when
batteries presentlyin use in electric vehicles would reach their end of life.
In the year 2030,the recycling marketis estimated to be around 22 - 23 GWh, which is a $1,000 million
opportunities.Indian companies like Tata ChemicalsNSE 2.08 %, Raasi Solar and MahindraNSE 1.18 % Electric
have already started looking at this lucrative opportunity and have either alreadyestablished or announced plans
to set up recycling operations.
Tata Chemicals has alreadylaunched its lithium-ion batteryrecycling operations in Mumbai.Raasi Solar has
announced plans to setup a 300 MW plant focussing on lithium batteryrecycling along with battery assembling
and cell manufacturing.Mahindra Electric has also expressed its plans to enable EV battery recycling, in a
method similar to the recycling of cell phone batteries,with the help of a supplypartner.
Although there is awareness around the recyclabilityand reusabilityof batteries,this marketwould gather
momentum onlywhen the Indian governmentbrings in a well-defined regulatoryand policy framework.To date,
8. India does not have any specific regulations or guidelines around the effective disposal and recycling oflithium -
ion batteries.Even India’s e-waste guidelines have no mention oflithium-ion batteries.Clear guidelines have to
be laid out for collection,storage,transportation and ..
Largest battery manufacturer????
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. As of 2019, the Tesla GigaFactory is
the largest producer of Lithium-ion batteries for electric mobility at 23GWh, followed by
Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL) with a capacity of 12 GWh, followed by
Panasonic and BYD.
Is Lithium-ion the Ideal Battery?
For many years, nickel-cadmium had been the only suitable batteryfor portable equipmentfrom wireless
communications to mobile computing.Nickel-metal-hydride and lithium-ion emerged In the early 1990s,fighting
nose-to-nose to gain customer's acceptance. Today, lithium-ion is the fastestgrowing and mostpromising battery
chemistry.
The lithium-ion battery
Pioneer work with the lithium battery began in 1912 under G.N. Lewis butit was not until the early 1970s when
the first non-rechargeable lithium batteries became commerciallyavailable.lithium is the lightestofall metals,
has the greatestelectrochemical potential and provides the largestenergydensityfor weight.
Attempts to develop rechargeable lithium batteries failed due to safety problem s.Because ofthe inherent
instabilityof lithium metal,especiallyduring charging,research shifted to a non-metallic lithium batteryusing
lithium ions.Although slightlylower in energy density than lithium metal,lithium -ion is safe,provided certain
precautions are metwhen charging and discharging.In 1991,the Sony Corporation commercialized the first
lithium-ion battery.Other manufacturers followed suit.
The energy densityof lithium-ion is typicallytwice that of the standard nickel-cadmium.There is potential for
higher energy densities.The load characteristics are reasonablygood and behave similarlyto nickel -cadmium in
terms of discharge.The high cell voltage of 3.6 volts allows battery pack designs with onlyone cell. Most of
today's mobile phones run on a single cell.A nickel-based pack would require three 1.2-volt cells connected in
series.
Lithium-ion is a low maintenance battery, an advantage that mostother chemistries cannotclaim.There is no
memoryand no scheduled cycling is required to prolong the battery's life. In addition,the self-discharge is less
than halfcompared to nickel-cadmium,making lithium-ion well suited for modern fuel gauge applications.lithium -
ion cells cause little harm when disposed.
Despite its overall advantages,lithium-ion has its drawbacks.It is fragile and requires a protection circuit to
maintain safe operation.Builtinto each pack, the protection circuit limits the peak voltage of each cell during
charge and prevents the cell voltage from dropping too low on discharge.In addition,the cell temperature is
monitored to prevent temperature extremes.The maximum charge and discharge currenton mostpacks are is
limited to between 1C and 2C. With these precautions in place,the possibilityof metallic lithium plating occurring
due to overcharge is virtually eliminated.
Aging is a concern with mostlithium-ion batteries and manymanufacturers remain silentaboutthis issue.Some
capacity deterioration is noticeable after one year, whether the battery is in use or not. The battery frequently fails
after two or three years. It should be noted that other chemistries also have age-related degenerative effects.
This is especiallytrue for nickel-metal-hydride ifexposed to high ambienttemperatures.At the same time,
lithium-ion packs are known to have served for five years in some applications.
9. Manufacturers are constantlyimproving lithium-ion.New and enhanced chemical combinations are introduced
every six months or so.With such rapid progress,itis difficultto assess how well the revised battery will age.
Storage in a cool place slows the aging process oflithium -ion (and other chemistries).Manufacturers recommend
storage temperatures of15°C (59°F). In addition,the battery should be partiallycharged during storage.The
manufacturer recommends a 40% charge.
The mosteconomical lithium-ion battery in terms of cost-to-energyratio is the cylindrical 18650 (size is 18mm x
65.2mm).This cell is used for mobile computing and other applications thatdo not demand ultra-thin geometry.If
a slim pack is required,the prismatic lithium-ion cell is the bestchoice.These cells come ata higher cost in terms
of stored energy.
Advantages
High energy density - potential for yet higher capacities.
Does not need prolonged priming when new. One regular charge is all that's needed.
Relatively low self-discharge - self-discharge is less than half that of nickel-based batteries.
Low Maintenance - no periodic discharge is needed; there is no memory.
Specialty cells can provide very high current to applications such as power tools.
Limitations
Requires protection circuit to maintain voltage and current within safe limits.
Subject to aging, even if not in use - storage in a cool place at 40% charge reduces the aging
effect.
Transportation restrictions - shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatory control.
This restriction does not apply to personal carry-on batteries.
Expensive to manufacture - about 40 percent higher in cost than nickel-cadmium.
Not fully mature - metals and chemicals are changing on a continuing basis.
The lithium polymer battery
The lithium-polymer differentiates itselffrom conventional battery systems in the type of electrolyte used.The
original design,dating back to the 1970s,uses a dry solid polymer electrolyte. This electrolyte resembles a
plastic-like film thatdoes notconduct electricity but allows ions exchange (electricallycharged atoms or groups of
atoms).The polymer electrolyte replaces the traditional porous separator,which is soaked with electrolyte.
The dry polymer design offers simplifications with respectto fabrication,ruggedness,safetyand thin-profile
geometry. With a cell thickness measuring as little as one millimeter (0.039 inches),equipmentdesigners are left
to their own imagination in terms ofform,shape and size.
Unfortunately, the dry lithium-polymer suffers from poor conductivity. The internal resistance is too high and
cannotdeliver the current bursts needed to power modern communication devices and spin up the hard drives of
mobile computing equipment.Heating the cell to 60°C (140°F) and higher increases the conductivity, a
requirementthatis unsuitable for portable applications.
To compromise,some gelled electrolyte has been added.The commercial cells use a separator/electrolyte
membrane prepared from the same traditional porous polyethylene or polypropylene separator filled with a
10. polymer,which gels upon filling with the liquid electrolyte. Thus the commercial lithium-ion polymer cells are very
similar in chemistryand materials to their liquid electrolyte counter parts.
Lithium-ion-polymer has notcaughton as quickly as some analysts had expected.Its superiorityto other systems
and low manufacturing costs has not been realized.No improvements in capacitygains are achieved - in fact, the
capacity is slightlyless than that of the standard lithium-ion battery.Lithium-ion-polymer finds its marketniche in
wafer-thin geometries,such as batteries for creditcards and other such applications.
Advantages
Very low profile - batteries resembling the profile of a credit card are feasible.
Flexible form factor - manufacturers are not bound by standard cell formats. With high
volume, any reasonable size can be produced economically.
Lightweight - gelled electrolytes enable simplified packaging by eliminating the metal shell.
Improved safety - more resistant to overcharge; less chance for electrolyte leakage.
Limitations
Lower energy density and decreased cycle count compared to lithium-ion.
Expensive to manufacture.
No standard sizes. Most cells are produced for high volume consumer markets.
Higher cost-to-energy ratio than lithium-ion
Restrictions on lithium content for air travel
Air travelers ask the question,"How much lithium in a battery am I allowed to bring on board?"We differentiate
between two battery types: Lithium metal and lithium-ion.
Most lithium metal batteries are non-rechargeable and are used in film cameras.Lithium-ion packs are
rechargeable and power laptops,cellular phones and camcorders.Both battery types, including spare packs,are
allowed as carry-on but cannot exceed the following lithium content:
- 2 grams for lithium metal or lithium alloybatteries
- 8 grams for lithium-ion batteries
Lithium-ion batteries exceeding 8 grams butno more than 25 grams maybe carried in carry-on baggage if
individuallyprotected to prevent shortcircuits and are limited to two spare batteries per person.
How do I know the lithium content of a lithium-ion battery? From a theoretical perspective,there is no
metallic lithium in a typical lithium-ion battery. There is, however, equivalentlithium contentthat mustbe
considered.For a lithium-ion cell,this is calculated at0.3 times the rated capacity (in ampere-hours).
Example: A 2Ah 18650 Li-ion cell has 0.6 grams oflithium content.On a typical 60 Wh laptop battery with 8 cells
(4 in series and 2 in parallel),this adds up to 4.8g. To stay under the 8-gram UN limit,the largestbattery you can
bring is 96 Wh. This pack could include 2.2Ah cells in a 12 cells arrangement(4s3p).Ifthe 2.4Ah cell were used
instead,the pack would need to be limited to 9 cells (3s3p).
Restrictions on shipment of lithium-ion batteries
Anyone shipping lithium-ion batteries in bulk is responsible to meet transportation regulations.
This applies to domestic and international shipments by land, sea and air.
Lithium-ion cells whose equivalent lithium content exceeds 1.5 grams or 8 grams per battery
pack must be shipped as "Class 9 miscellaneous hazardous material." Cell capacity and the
number of cells in a pack determine the lithium content.
Exception is given to packs that contain less than 8 grams of lithium content. If, however, a
shipment contains more than 24 lithium cells or 12 lithium-ion battery packs, special markings
and shipping documents will be required. Each package must be marked that it contains
11. lithium batteries.
All lithium-ion batteries must be tested in accordance with specifications detailed in UN 3090
regardless of lithium content (UN manual of Tests and Criteria, Part III, subsection 38.3). This
precaution safeguards against the shipment of flawed batteries.
Cells & batteries must be separated to prevent short-circuiting and packaged in strong boxes.
JD:- Market studyonpotential mappingforLi-ionbatteryrecycling