7. Types of OS - ( CSI-321)
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Types of OS - Introduction to Computing Applications ( CSI-321)
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CSI-503 - 11.Distributed Operating System
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SWE-401 - 9. Software Implementation
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SWE-401 - 7. Software Design Strategies
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SWE-401 - 5. Software Design Basics
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CSI-503 - 6. Memory Management
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CSI-503 - 4. Process synchronization
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CSI-503 - 3. Process Scheduling
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CSI-503 - 2. Processor Management
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CSI-503 - 10. Security & Protection (Operating System)
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
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CSI-503 - 13. Scheduler and Dispatcher
The scheduler selects processes to execute from those waiting in the ready queue. The dispatcher then allocates CPU time to the process selected by the scheduler by moving it from ready to running state, performing context switching. While the scheduler decides which process is executed next based on scheduling algorithms, the dispatcher handles the actual transition of processes on and off the CPU.
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A distributed operating system connects multiple computers via a single communication channel. It allows for the distribution of computing resources and I/O files across several central processors to serve multiple users and real-time applications simultaneously. Distributed operating systems come in various types, including client-server systems, peer-to-peer systems, middleware, three-tier, and n-tier architectures. Their key features are openness, scalability, resource sharing, flexibility, transparency, and heterogeneity. Examples include Solaris, OSF/1, Micros, and DYNIX. Distributed operating systems find applications in network applications, telecommunication networks, parallel computation, and real-time process control.
SWE-401 - 10. Software Testing Overview
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SWE-401 - 8. Software User Interface Design
User interface is the front-end that allows users to interact with software. It can be graphical, text-based, or audio/video. Well-designed interfaces are attractive, simple, responsive, clear, and consistent. There are two main types of interfaces: command line interfaces (CLI) which use text commands, and graphical user interfaces (GUI) which use visual elements like windows, icons, menus. GUI became more popular than CLI with advances in display technology. Proper interface design involves requirements gathering, user analysis, task analysis, and testing to create an intuitive interface.
SWE-401 - 7. Software Design Strategies
Software design is a process that conceptualizes software requirements into an implementation plan. It takes user requirements as challenges and tries to find optimal solutions. There are multiple design approaches, including structured, function-oriented, and object-oriented design. Structured design breaks problems into smaller modules arranged hierarchically. Function-oriented design divides a system into functions capable of significant tasks. Object-oriented design focuses on entities and their characteristics, modeling them as objects that can be grouped into classes.
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Software design is the process of transforming user requirements into a suitable form for programmers to use for coding and implementation. It is the first step in the software development life cycle and moves the focus from understanding user needs to determining technical solutions. The output of software design can be directly used for programming. Software design yields three levels of results - architectural design, high-level design, and detailed design - which break the system down into more specific components and their interactions. Modularization, concurrency, coupling, and cohesion are important concepts in software design. Verification of the software design output is important before implementation to detect any issues early.
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The document discusses several software analysis and design tools used by software designers including:
- Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) which graphically depict the flow of data in a system. DFDs come in logical and physical types.
- Structure Charts which represent the hierarchical structure and functions of system modules in greater detail than DFDs.
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The document defines a Software Requirements Specification (SRS) as a formal report that lays the foundation for software engineering activities by eliciting and analyzing all system requirements. An SRS should have several key characteristics, including being correct, complete, consistent, unambiguous, modifiable, verifiable, and traceable. It should also be structured, concise, written from a black-box perspective, demonstrate conceptual integrity, and contain requirements that can be verified. The purpose of an SRS is to formally represent the desired software system and allow customers to review that the system meets their needs.
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The document discusses various aspects of software project management including defining a software project, the need for software project management, roles and responsibilities of a project manager, key project management activities like planning, estimation, scheduling, resource management, risk management, execution and monitoring, communication management, configuration management, and change control. It also discusses tools that can help with project management like Gantt charts, PERT charts, resource histograms, and critical path analysis.
CSI-503 - 6. Memory Management
Memory management is the process by which an operating system manages and allocates primary memory. It tracks both allocated and free memory locations. Key techniques include single contiguous allocation, partitioned allocation, paged memory management, and segmented memory management. Swapping moves processes temporarily from memory to disk to improve performance. Memory allocation assigns space to processes, and fragmentation occurs when free spaces are too small to use. Paging and segmentation retrieve processes from disk to memory. Dynamic loading and linking load libraries only when needed at runtime rather than during compilation.
CSI-503 - 4. Process synchronization
Process synchronization coordinates processes accessing shared resources to maintain consistency. When multiple processes access the same data concurrently, the outcome depends on the execution order. A critical section is code that can only be executed by one process at a time. It contains shared variables and resources. The critical section problem aims to satisfy mutual exclusion, progress, and bounded waiting to fairly control access to the critical section.
CSI-503 - 3. Process Scheduling
The document discusses process scheduling in operating systems. It defines process scheduling as the activity of selecting which process runs on the CPU. It describes the different queues operating systems use to manage processes, including ready, job, and device queues. It also discusses long-term, short-term, and medium-term schedulers and their roles in managing processes over different timescales. Context switching and cooperating processes are also summarized.
CSI-503 - 2. Processor Management
The document discusses processor management in operating systems. It describes how operating systems use process scheduling to manage multiple processes running simultaneously on the CPU. Processes have a lifecycle that involves different states like ready, running, waiting etc. The processor manager consists of a job scheduler and process scheduler. The job scheduler balances groups of processes to optimize resource usage while the process scheduler selects the next process to run on the CPU using different scheduling algorithms like FCFS, priority scheduling, round robin etc. Each process is associated with a process control block that stores its state and execution details.
CSI-503 - 1. Introduction to Operating system
The document provides an introduction to operating systems. It discusses what an operating system is, its functions, and some examples of popular modern operating systems like Android, iOS, Linux, Windows, and IBM z/OS. It also covers different types of operating systems such as real-time OS, single-user single-task OS, single-user multitasking OS, and multi-user OS. The document is presented as lecture slides with content on needs of OS, boot sequence, available OS in the market, and descriptions of specific OS like Android, BSD, iOS, Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, Windows Phone and z/OS.
CSI-503 - 10. Security & Protection (Operating System)
The document discusses security and protection in operating systems. It defines security as a mechanism that analyzes users and permits authorized access to system resources through authentication and encryption. Protection deals with controlling access to system resources and determining which files a user can access. The document provides examples of how organizations implement security and protection measures to restrict access to information.
11. Boolean logic
Boolean logic was developed by mathematician George Boole in the mid-1800s and relies on basic operators like AND, OR, and NOT to support algorithmic programming and emerging artificial intelligence capabilities. Boolean operators can be used to test or adjust Boolean variables and control program flow, while logic gates are electronic circuits that implement Boolean algebra functions through symbols like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR gates.
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Syllabus
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
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