1. The document discusses different types of e-business models, including traditional models like B2B, B2C, and contemporary models focused on retail commerce using mobile and online channels. 2. Key e-business models are described, including B2B which facilitates transactions between businesses, B2C for business to consumer sales, and C2C to enable direct consumer to consumer transactions through platforms. 3. Examples of each model are provided, such as B2B platforms IITF and PITEX, B2C retailers like Flipkart, and C2C sites like OLX. E-governance models are also summarized.

1. 1.6 TYPES OF E-BUSINESS:
Broadly speaking, E-commerce can be categories into two types.
1.6.1 E-Business based Traditional Model (B2B, B2C)
1.6.2 E-Business based upon Contemporary Model (Retail Commerce)
 1.6.1 E-Business based upon Traditional Model
As seen in Fig 1.3. E-Business in addition to encompassing E-commerce includes both front and back-
office applications that form the engine for modern E-commerce. E-business is not just about E-commerce
transactions; it's about re-defining old business models, with the aid of technology to maximize customer
value. E-Business is the overall strategy and E-commerce is an extremely important facet of E-Business.
B 2 B B 2 C
G 2 B E 2 B G 2 C E 2 C
B − Business
C – Consumer
G – Government
E – Enterprise
Fig 1.3 E-Business based upon Traditional Model
 1.6.2 E-Business based upon Contemporary Model
As seen in Fig 1.4 and 1.5 this model is based upon Smarter Commerce for Retail. Retailers recognize
that in today’s world, the consumer—connected, informed and empowered through mobile technologies
and social media are in charge. Market leaders are gaining competitive edge with an integrated approach
that extends brand value, deepens customer relationships and drives operational efficiency.

2. E - C o m m e rc e M - C o m m e r c e T - C o m m e r c e
E le c tr o n ic C o m m e r c e M o b ile C o m m e r c e T V . C o m m e rc e
E - G o v E - R e ta il E -R e s e r v a tio n
D 2 H
D is h
M -L e a r n in g M - M a r k e tin g
Fig 1.4 E-Business based upon Contemporary Model
E -B a n k in g E -G o v e r n a n c e E -R e s e r v a tin E -S h o p p in g E -E n te r t a in m e n t
Fig 1.5 Showing Types/Services/Application of E-Commerce and M-commerce Model
M -B a n k in g M -G o v e r n a n c e M - R e s e r v a t io n E -S h o p p in g M - E n te r ta in m e n t
1.7 TYPES OF E-COMMERCE
As shown in Fig 1.6, Traditional model of conducting business via online/real time.
E-Commerce transactions can be segmented into four broad categories or modes, based on
participants involved in the transaction. Here the term business may be used as Enterprise for Micro
Small and medium Enterprise (MSME)
1. Business to Business (B2B) Business Model (IITF,PITEX)
2. Business to consumer (B2C) (Flipcart, Snapdeal, Myntra, Amazon etc.),
3. Business to Government (B2G) (FICCI,CII, ASSOCHAM )
4. Consumer to Consumer (C2C) (OLX, Quickr)

3. The e-commerce matrix
Business Consumer Government
Business B2B
Supply
Cain, Wholesalers
B2C
Retailers (Goods or
Services)
B2G
Contract bidding,
Privatization
Consumer C2B
Public Bidding
marketplaces,
Auctioneers
C2C
Public flea markets
C2G
Public Government
auctions
Government G2B
Tax and fee collection
G2C
Tax and fees
collection
G2G
Budget allocation
Fig 1.6 E-Commerce Based on B2B and B2C
E-Commerce models Leading companies*
B2C e-Commerce marketplace Snapdeal.com, FirstCry.com, Zavi.com
B2C e-Commerce Inventory Led BigBasket.com, FirstCry.com, Zovi.com
B2C e-Commerce Aggregator Uber.com, olacabs.com
C2C e-Commerce Cloudacar.com, quickr.com, olx.in
B2B e-Commerce mujunction services limited (metalijunction,
coljunction, buyjunction, etc.),
cloudBuy.com, tolexo.com,
inddustrybuying.com, power2sme. Com,
Amazonbusiness.com
Omni-channel Retailer s Shoppers Stop Ltd., Infiniti Retail Limited
Croma, Raymond Limited
Table 1: Indicative list of current leading e-Commerce models in India
Source: Deloitte Research *Note: Domain names
Fig 1.6.1 E-Commerce Based on B2B and B2C
Verticals Leading companies*
Online Travel Makemytrip.com, , cleatrip.com,
goibibo.com
Online Real Estate Magicbricks, 99acres, common floor,
Housing.com
Online Fashion Jabong.com, Myntra.com, Zovi.com,
yeppme.com limeroad.com
Online Furniture Fabfurnish, Pepperfry, urbanladder.com
Online Education Purple Squirrel Eduventure, plancess.com
Online Education Purple Squirrel Eduventures, Plancess.com
Online Food and grocery Zomato, Foodpanda.in, TinyOwl.,
BigBasket, Grofers.com

4. Fig 1.6.2 E-Commerce Based on Verticals
 1.7.1 Business-to-Business (B2B) Model
A seen in Fig 1.7 The most common users of B2B online classifieds are micro, small and medium
enterprises (MSMEs). These small businesses lack the requisite financial resources and, therefore, find it
difficult to market their products and services to potential clients through traditional media such as
newspapers, banners, and television. Trade through online B2B portals increases the visibility of MSMEs
in the marketplace and helps them overcome barriers of time, communication, and geography.
R a w M a te r ia ls M a n u fa c tu r in g W h o le s a le r s R e ta ils
G o v e r n m e n t T ra n s p o r t a t io n C o m m u n ic a tio n s B a n k s
Market
Chains
Intermediaries
B2B E-commerce
B 2 B e C o m m e rc e
a v e r a g e o r d e r v a lu e
is 3 x h ig h e r
th a n B 2 C
M o r e th a n
3 0 p e r c e n t o f B 2 B
e C o m m e rc e r e v e n u e
w ill b e in c r e m e n ta l
B 2 B e C o m m e rc e w ill
a c c o u n t fo r 1 0 p e r c e n t
o f a ll B 2 B s a le s th is y e a r
a n d is g r o w in g .
L a rg e
O r d e r S iz e
In c r e m e n t a l
R e v e n u e O p p s
R o o m
T o G ro w
K e y B 2 B e C o m m e r c e F a c t s :
Fig 1.7 Business- to-Business (B2B) Model
The graphic shown below in Fig 1.8, illustrates the network model of B2B. Your business is
represented as the “Enterprise” connecting with the Service using a single communications protocol.
Likewise, each trading partner is connected to the Service Provider as well using their varying preferred
protocols.

5. P a r tn e r
E n te r p r is e
M a p p in g
T ra n s la tio n , ... .
P a r tn e r
P a r tn e r
P a r tn e r
Fig 1.8 Network Model of B2B
The Three Basic Models of B2B
As seen in Diagrams 1.9,1.10 and 1.11 shown below, when your company exchanges business
documents electronically with your trading partners – your customers, suppliers, logistics providers and
banks – one of the decisions you need to make is what type of communications you will need to connect
to each one. To help you decide, described below are the four basic approaches for connecting to your
trading partner community and the issues and benefits of each.
1. Network Model (IITF)
2. Direct Distribution Model (PITEX)
3. Hybrid (Collaborate) Model

6. Fig 1.9 Network Model
Source: The India Trade Promotion Organization (ITPO) Home Page (www.iitf.in)
Fig 1.10 Direct Distribution Model
Source: PITEX-Punjab International Trade Expo 2014 (www.pitex.co.in)
Hybrid B2B Integration
With integration technology converging and the continuing need for companies to focus on highly
differentiated business processes, a new model for B2B Integration has emerged.
Fig 1.11 Hybrid Model
 1.7.2 Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Model
As seen in Diagrams 1.12, shown below, the B2C market in India generates the bulk of revenues
across the consumer-facing modes of e-Commerce. Furthermore, though online travel has typically held a
major share of the B2C market, online retail is also growing rapidly and is expected to significantly
increase its share.

7. The Three Basic Models of B2C
1. Online Retail (Flipkart, Snapdeal, Myntra )
2. Online Travel (Yatre, MakeMyTrip )
3. Online Banking (HDFC Bank, SBI Bank, AXIS Bank )
Fig 1.12 Businesses to Consumer (B2C) Model
Source: Image Captured Logo of individual retailers
 1.7.3 Consumer to Consumer (C2C)
As seen in Fig 1.13. Customer-to-customer or consumer-to-consumer is a business model that
facilitates the transaction of products or services between customers. An example of C2C would be the
classifieds section of a newspaper or an auction. In both of these cases, a customer, not a business, sells
goods or services to another customer. The goal of a C2C is to enable this relationship, helping buyers
and sellers locate each other. Customers can benefit from the competition for products and easily find
products that may otherwise be difficult to identify. C2C e-commerce differs from a business-to-business
model or a business-to-consumer model because consumers interact directly with each other.
Image Captured
Fig 1.13 Consumer to Consumer (C2C) Model

8. Source: Logo of individual retailers
 1.7.4 E-Governance Business Model (G2B, G2C)
As seen in Fig 1.14, E-Governance Business Model, Interaction takes place between Govt. and
citizens. These models can also be characterized by the following terminology.
E−Administration— It is the use of ICT to modernize the state; the creation of data repositories for
MIS, computerization of records.
E−Democracy—It is the use of ICT to facilitate the ability of all sections of society to participate in the
governance of the state.
E-Governance -It means is Easy governance, Effective governance and Economic governance for
digital India.
E-Governance is the first step towards Digital India and IBharat business model.
The basic objective of e-governance is Minimum Government and Maximum Governance.
E-Governance means Inclusive Growth for Inclusive Development.
B u s in e s s
N G O s
C iv il S o c ie ty
G 2 BG 2 CC it iz e n
C e n tra l G o v e r n m e n t
L o c a l G o v e r n m e n t
G 2 G
G 2 G
G 2 G
Fig 1.14 E-Governance Business Model (G2B, G2C) Model
WHAT IS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN E-COMMERCE AND
E-BUSINESS
As seen in table 1.15 (Difference between B2B and B2C), E-Commerce and E-Business are two
completely different terms, but unfortunately, they are always used interchangeably by many of us. The
reason behind this lies in the meanings of “business” and “commerce” in the English language. However,
there is a difference between e-commerce and e-business. Many people understand the subtle differences
between the two, and there had always been a debate among these two groups about the differences and
similarities between e-commerce and e-business.
Table 1.15 B2B and B2C
B2B B2C
transaction between Business partners Transaction between buyers and consumers
Based on VAN Based on Internet
Fully Integrated EDI Semi/Non-EDI

9. Business Models G2B and E2B Business Models G2C and G2C
More secure Less secure
Higher Willingness to pay Lower willingness to pay
Greater lifetime value to the consumer Faster product iteration feedback
Longer sale cycle Shorter sale cycle
Difficult to manage Easier to manage
Less flexible More flexible
Subset of MSME Subset of E-Business
Limited scope for Customer feedback Larger scope for customer value chain
Less freedom to expand More freedom to expand
Difference between E-Commerce and Traditional Commerce:
As seen in Table 1.16, Table 1.17 and Table 1.18 comparison has been made between Traditional
Commerce v/s E-Commerce on various levels.
Traditional Commerce v/s E-Commerce
Table 1.16 Traditional Commerce Vs. E-Commerce
Sr.
No.
Traditional Commerce E-Commerce
1
Heavy dependency on information
exchange from person to person.
Information sharing is made easy via electronic
communication channels making little dependency on
person to person information exchange.
2 Communication/ transaction are done in
synchronous way. Manual intervention
is required for each communication or
transaction.
Communication or transaction can be done
asynchronously. Electronics system automatically
handles when to pass communication to a required
person or do the transactions.
3 It is difficult to establish and maintain
standard practices in traditional
commerce.
A uniform strategy can be easily established and
maintain in e-commerce.
4 Communications of business depend
upon individual skills.
In e-Commerce or Electronic Market, there is no
human intervention.
5 Unavailability of a uniform platform as
traditional commerce depends heavily
on personal communication.
E-Commerce website provides the user a platform
where all information is available in one place.
6
No uniform platform for information
sharing as it depends heavily on
personal communication.
E-Commerce provides a universal platform to support
commercial/business activities across the globe.
The diagram is shown below: Changing the Rules of the Game, causing a fundamental
change in the nature of business.

10. L ife tim e
C u s to m e r
R e la tio n s h ip
C u s to m e r
A c c e s s
V a lu e C h a in
P ro d u c tio n
P la n n in g
M a n u fa c tu r in g
C a p a b ility
B a s is o f
C o m p e titio n
In n o v a tio n
K e y P ro d u c t
Te c h n o lo g y
M u ltip le C h a n n e ls
N e tw o r k s
M a k e to O rd e r
M s s C u s to m iz a tio n
S o lu tio n s
C o n tin u o u s
E x p e r im e n ta tio n
D ig ita l
Tra n s a c tio n a l
D e a le rs
V e r tic a lly In te g ra te d
M a k e to S to c k
M a s s P ro d u c tio n
P ro d u c ts
P ro d u c t C y c le s
M e c h a n ic a l
F ro m To
Lifetime
Customer
Relationship
Customer
Access
ValueChain
Production
Planning
Manufacturing
Capability
Basisof
Competition
Innovation
KeyProduct
Technology
MultipleChannels
Networks
MaketoOrder
MssCustomization
Solutions
Continuous
Experimentation
Digital
Transactional
Dealers
VerticallyIntegrated
MaketoStock
MassProduction
Products
ProductCycles
Mechanical
From To
Table 1.17, 1.18 showing E-Business: Traditional Commerce v/s E-Commerce