types of cell death .pptx
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this presentation is about the cell death and its types. which includes the necrosis and apoptosis and its other types with pictural demonstration
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Cell injury apoptosis lect 08jan 2020
Apoptosis is a tightly regulated and genetically programmed form of cell death where cells activate enzymes to degrade their own nuclear DNA and proteins. Cells undergoing apoptosis break into fragments called apoptotic bodies that are phagocytosed without eliciting inflammation. Apoptosis eliminates damaged or unneeded cells and plays an important role in development, tissue homeostasis, and the removal of infected or abnormal cells. It involves cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, blebbing of the cell membrane, and the formation of apoptotic bodies that are phagocytosed without inflammatory response.
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Cell death.pptx
Cell death can occur through two main processes: necrosis and apoptosis. Necrosis is unregulated cell death caused by external factors like trauma or toxins. It involves the premature death of cells and tissue damage. Apoptosis is a tightly regulated form of programmed cell death that eliminates unnecessary or potentially dangerous cells. It involves changes to the cell like nuclear fragmentation, blebbing of the cell membrane, and formation of apoptotic bodies that are then cleared by phagocytes without inducing inflammation. Apoptosis plays an important role in development, homeostasis, and eliminating infected or damaged cells.
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Apoptosis is a tightly regulated and genetically programmed form of cell death where cells activate enzymes to degrade their own nuclear DNA and proteins. Cells undergoing apoptosis break into fragments called apoptotic bodies that are phagocytosed without eliciting inflammation. Apoptosis eliminates damaged or unneeded cells and plays an important role in development, tissue homeostasis, and the removal of infected or abnormal cells. It involves cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, blebbing of the cell membrane, and the formation of apoptotic bodies that are phagocytosed without inflammatory response.
Cell ageing ty
This document discusses cellular aging and theories of aging. It covers several key points:
1) Cellular senescence and the Hayflick limit, where cells stop dividing after a certain number of divisions.
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Cell death.pptx
Cell death can occur through two main processes: necrosis and apoptosis. Necrosis is unregulated cell death caused by external factors like trauma or toxins. It involves the premature death of cells and tissue damage. Apoptosis is a tightly regulated form of programmed cell death that eliminates unnecessary or potentially dangerous cells. It involves changes to the cell like nuclear fragmentation, blebbing of the cell membrane, and formation of apoptotic bodies that are then cleared by phagocytes without inducing inflammation. Apoptosis plays an important role in development, homeostasis, and eliminating infected or damaged cells.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis is a tightly regulated process of programmed cell death where cells activate enzymes to degrade their own DNA and proteins. The plasma membrane remains intact but becomes a target for phagocytes. The dead cell and fragments are rapidly consumed before contents can leak out, preventing inflammation. Apoptosis eliminates damaged, unneeded, or harmful cells and occurs during development, tissue remodeling, and to limit damage from infections or DNA damage. It is characterized by cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and fragmentation into membrane-bound apoptotic bodies.
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Cell death occurs through two main forms: apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis is programmed cell death where cells undergo changes like DNA fragmentation and shrinkage in a way that avoids damaging nearby cells. Necrosis is unprogrammed cell death due to external factors like injury or internal issues. During necrosis, cells lose metabolic function and membrane integrity, organelles swell, and cell contents may leak out. Necrosis can occur through several types including coagulative, liquefactive, and gangrenous necrosis. Autophagy is a process where cells digest damaged organelles through the formation and fusion of vesicles to maintain cellular homeostasis.
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Apoptosis and Necrosis.pptx
There are two main forms of cell death: apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis is programmed cell death that occurs during normal cell turnover or in response to DNA damage. It involves nuclear fragmentation and formation of apoptotic bodies that are phagocytosed without inflammation. Necrosis is unregulated cell death due to injury and involves cell contents leaking out, triggering inflammation. There are several patterns of necrosis including coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, and gangrenous necrosis.
Cell injury and cell death2
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This document discusses various causes of cell injury and death, including oxygen deprivation, physical agents, chemicals, infectious agents, immune reactions, genetic defects, and nutritional imbalances. It describes the morphological changes that occur in reversible cell injury, including swelling and fatty change, as well as the changes that characterize irreversible injury or necrosis, such as increased eosinophilia, loss of structure, and membrane breakdown. Different patterns of tissue necrosis are also outlined, such as coagulative, liquefactive, gangrenous, and caseous necrosis.
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This document discusses various causes of cell injury and death, including oxygen deprivation, physical agents, chemicals, infectious agents, immune reactions, genetic defects, and nutritional imbalances. It describes the morphological changes that occur in reversible cell injury, including swelling and fatty change, as well as irreversible cell injury known as necrosis. Necrosis results in loss of cell integrity and contents. The document outlines different patterns of tissue necrosis, such as coagulative, liquefactive, gangrenous, caseous, and fibrinoid necrosis.
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forms and morphology of cell injury
This document describes patterns of acute cell injury, including reversible and irreversible injury. Reversible injury includes cellular swelling and fatty change. Irreversible injury results in cell death through either necrosis or apoptosis. Necrosis is unprogrammed cell death that results from external factors and leads to inflammation. Apoptosis is programmed cell death that occurs physiologically during development and pathologically to remove damaged cells, resulting in cell shrinkage and fragmentation without inflammation.
Cell death
Cell death can occur through two main processes: apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis is programmed cell death that occurs under normal physiological conditions, triggered by intracellular signals. The cell shrinks and fragments into apoptotic bodies that are phagocytosed, avoiding inflammation. Necrosis is accidental cell death due to external factors like trauma or toxins, where the cell lyses and releases intracellular contents, potentially causing tissue damage and inflammation. Both processes are important for development, tissue homeostasis, and removal of damaged cells.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis also known as cell suicide. Difference between necrosis and apoptosis. Changes in apoptosis. Mechanism of apoptosis. Functional significance of apoptosis. Applied aspects of apoptosis
Dr.Jasveer. cell injury presentation.pptx
Cell injury occurs when cells are exposed to injurious agents and can be reversible or irreversible depending on the severity and persistence of the stimulus. There are two main types of cell death: necrosis, which is unregulated cell lysis causing inflammation, and apoptosis, which is a regulated and programmed form of cell death. Early changes in cell injury are reversible but persistent injury leads to irreversible changes and ultimately cell death through necrosis or apoptosis.
Necrosis vs apaptosis
Necrosis is cell death resulting from progressive degenerative action of enzymes on lethally injured cells. It begins with impaired homeostasis leading to water and ion influx. Morphological changes include nuclear condensation or fragmentation, cytoplasmic eosinophilia, organelle damage, and membrane rupture. There are three main types - coagulative, liquefactive, and caseous. Coagulative necrosis occurs in solid organs from ischemia. Liquefactive necrosis results from enzymatic autolysis and hydrolysis. Caseous necrosis forms dry, cheesy material seen in tuberculosis. Necrosis causes inflammation while apoptosis is an orderly programmed cell death.
cell injury.pptx
Cell injury can be reversible or irreversible, leading to cell death. Reversible injury causes pathological changes that can be reversed when the stressor is removed, while irreversible injury causes permanent changes and cell death. Cell injury is caused by various stressors like hypoxia, physical/chemical agents, microbiological agents, genetic defects, and nutritional imbalances. The key targets of injury are the mitochondria, cell membrane, proteins, cytoskeleton, and DNA. Injury disrupts cellular energy production and increases reactive oxygen species, calcium influx, and damage to membranes and DNA/proteins. This can lead to either reversible injury or the irreversible processes of necrosis or apoptosis.
Cell injury
Cell injury can occur through various causes and results in either reversible or irreversible injury and cell death. Reversible injury involves changes that can be repaired if the stressor is removed, while irreversible injury leads to cell death through either necrosis or apoptosis. Necrosis is unprogrammed cell death that occurs due to external factors and results in cell contents leaking out and triggering inflammation. Apoptosis is programmed cell death where cells activate internal enzymes to degrade themselves without inflammatory response. The key differences between the two types of cell death include apoptosis affecting individual cells while necrosis affects groups of cells.
Basic Pathology II.pptx
This document summarizes different aspects of cell injury, inflammation, and cell death:
Cell injury can be lethal or non-lethal, with non-lethal injury causing cell degeneration and lethal injury resulting in cell death through apoptosis or necrosis. Necrosis is unprogrammed cell death that can take various forms depending on the affected cells. Inflammation is the body's response to injury and aims to remove damaged tissue to promote healing. The causes of cell injury and inflammation are also the causes of tissue damage, and inflammation is characterized by cardinal signs like pain, redness, heat, and swelling.
2. cell injury and cell death
This document discusses cell injury and cell death. It begins by introducing pathology and defining etiology and pathogenesis. It then describes the cellular responses to stress, including adaptation and reversible injury. If stress is severe or persistent, it can lead to irreversible injury and cell death through necrosis or apoptosis. The document outlines the mechanisms and morphologies of different types of necrosis and apoptosis. It also discusses other pathways of cell death like necroptosis and pyroptosis. Causes of cell injury discussed include hypoxia, ischemia, oxidative stress, toxins, DNA damage, and inflammation. Reversible injury and cell death are important concepts for understanding disease pathogenesis.
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Cell death occurs through two main forms: apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis is programmed cell death where cells undergo changes like DNA fragmentation and shrinkage in a way that avoids damaging nearby cells. Necrosis is unprogrammed cell death due to external factors like injury or internal issues. During necrosis, cells lose metabolic function and membrane integrity, organelles swell, and cell contents may leak out. Necrosis can occur through several types including coagulative, liquefactive, and gangrenous necrosis. Autophagy is a process where cells digest damaged organelles through the formation and fusion of vesicles to maintain cellular homeostasis.
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This document discusses various causes of cell injury and death, including oxygen deprivation, physical agents, chemicals, infectious agents, immune reactions, genetic defects, and nutritional imbalances. It describes the morphological changes that occur in reversible cell injury, including swelling and fatty change, as well as irreversible cell injury known as necrosis. Necrosis results in loss of cell integrity and contents. The document outlines different patterns of tissue necrosis, such as coagulative, liquefactive, gangrenous, caseous, and fibrinoid necrosis.
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Cell death can occur through two main processes: apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis is programmed cell death that occurs under normal physiological conditions, triggered by intracellular signals. The cell shrinks and fragments into apoptotic bodies that are phagocytosed, avoiding inflammation. Necrosis is accidental cell death due to external factors like trauma or toxins, where the cell lyses and releases intracellular contents, potentially causing tissue damage and inflammation. Both processes are important for development, tissue homeostasis, and removal of damaged cells.
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Dr.Jasveer. cell injury presentation.pptx
Cell injury occurs when cells are exposed to injurious agents and can be reversible or irreversible depending on the severity and persistence of the stimulus. There are two main types of cell death: necrosis, which is unregulated cell lysis causing inflammation, and apoptosis, which is a regulated and programmed form of cell death. Early changes in cell injury are reversible but persistent injury leads to irreversible changes and ultimately cell death through necrosis or apoptosis.
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Necrosis is cell death resulting from progressive degenerative action of enzymes on lethally injured cells. It begins with impaired homeostasis leading to water and ion influx. Morphological changes include nuclear condensation or fragmentation, cytoplasmic eosinophilia, organelle damage, and membrane rupture. There are three main types - coagulative, liquefactive, and caseous. Coagulative necrosis occurs in solid organs from ischemia. Liquefactive necrosis results from enzymatic autolysis and hydrolysis. Caseous necrosis forms dry, cheesy material seen in tuberculosis. Necrosis causes inflammation while apoptosis is an orderly programmed cell death.
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Cell injury can be reversible or irreversible, leading to cell death. Reversible injury causes pathological changes that can be reversed when the stressor is removed, while irreversible injury causes permanent changes and cell death. Cell injury is caused by various stressors like hypoxia, physical/chemical agents, microbiological agents, genetic defects, and nutritional imbalances. The key targets of injury are the mitochondria, cell membrane, proteins, cytoskeleton, and DNA. Injury disrupts cellular energy production and increases reactive oxygen species, calcium influx, and damage to membranes and DNA/proteins. This can lead to either reversible injury or the irreversible processes of necrosis or apoptosis.
Cell injury
Cell injury can occur through various causes and results in either reversible or irreversible injury and cell death. Reversible injury involves changes that can be repaired if the stressor is removed, while irreversible injury leads to cell death through either necrosis or apoptosis. Necrosis is unprogrammed cell death that occurs due to external factors and results in cell contents leaking out and triggering inflammation. Apoptosis is programmed cell death where cells activate internal enzymes to degrade themselves without inflammatory response. The key differences between the two types of cell death include apoptosis affecting individual cells while necrosis affects groups of cells.
Basic Pathology II.pptx
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Cell injury can be lethal or non-lethal, with non-lethal injury causing cell degeneration and lethal injury resulting in cell death through apoptosis or necrosis. Necrosis is unprogrammed cell death that can take various forms depending on the affected cells. Inflammation is the body's response to injury and aims to remove damaged tissue to promote healing. The causes of cell injury and inflammation are also the causes of tissue damage, and inflammation is characterized by cardinal signs like pain, redness, heat, and swelling.
2. cell injury and cell death
This document discusses cell injury and cell death. It begins by introducing pathology and defining etiology and pathogenesis. It then describes the cellular responses to stress, including adaptation and reversible injury. If stress is severe or persistent, it can lead to irreversible injury and cell death through necrosis or apoptosis. The document outlines the mechanisms and morphologies of different types of necrosis and apoptosis. It also discusses other pathways of cell death like necroptosis and pyroptosis. Causes of cell injury discussed include hypoxia, ischemia, oxidative stress, toxins, DNA damage, and inflammation. Reversible injury and cell death are important concepts for understanding disease pathogenesis.
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types of cell death .pptx
- 1. Presented To : Dr Ishtiaq Ahmed Presented By : Umer Farooq Login Id : 2021-dvmje-033 General Veterinary Pathology
- 2. Types of cell death Cell death is the event of a biological cell ceasing to carry out its functions. 3 major types of cell death. Apoptosis Autophagic cell death Necrosis
- 3. Apoptosis Latin word meaning “ fall off”. Process of programmed cell death. During early development to eliminate unwanted cells. Eliminate dead cells. If doesn’t happen lead to uncontrolled cell division and cause development of tumor. Hence absence of apoptosis cause cancer. To much apoptosis lead to neurodegenerative diseases. For example certain parts of lower part of brain causing Parkinson disease.
- 4. Events of apoptosis Blebbing Cell shrinkage Proteolysis Nuclear DNA fragmentation These are morphological changes occurring in cell
- 6. Causes of apoptosis Sudden removal of survival signal Removal of disassociation from neighboring cells Cellular stress like • High heat conditions • DNA damage by irradiation/chemotherapy • Pathogenic infections
- 7. Autophagic cell death Cell death that occurs in absence of chromatin condensation but accompanied by large scale autophagic vacuolization of cytoplasm. Catabolic pathway Maintains cellular homeostasis through recycling selective intracellular organelles and molecules Cellular contents are engulfed by autophagosomes Degraded upon autophagosomes fusion with lysosome
- 8. Occur in response to • Apoptotic activity is reduced • Fasting : body deprives of nutrients • Calorie restriction • Exercise
- 9. Necrosis Accidental cell death Too little blood flow to tissue leads necrosis Can be from injury , radiation , chemicals , infections Necrosis once happen cannot be reversed When large areas of tissues die due to lack of blood supply this condition called gangrene
- 10. Necrosis begins with • Cell swelling • The chromatin gets digested • The plasma and organelles are disrupted • ER vacuolizes • The organelles breakdown completely • Finally the cell lyses • And spreads its intracellular contents
- 13. THANK YOU