This document summarizes a workshop on establishing a type approval laboratory. The workshop covered regulatory frameworks, test methodologies, and concepts for assessing conformity. Participants included regulators, standardization bodies, and network operators. Presentations were given on topics like safety, EMC, fixed and mobile networks. Breakout groups discussed the scope of equipment and standards for type approval. It was agreed to start with an independent testing facility and take a phased approach focused initially on essential requirements for user equipment and receivers. Establishing adequate normative frameworks and enforcement was identified as important to address issues like counterfeit devices.

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Type Approval Laboratory
for electronic communication
equipment
Basic Concepts & Requirements

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Scope of the Workshop
 Normative, regulatory and standardization frameworks
 Basic concepts of Type Approval Test Methodologies
 Conformity Assessment Concepts & Requirements
 Safety and EMC
 Spectral Efficiency
 Fixed Coommunications (Legacy & NGN) equipment
 Mobile Communications equipment
 Broadcasting services equipment

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Participation
 Regulators (Tanzania, Kenya)
 Standardisation Bodies (TBS)
 Opearators
 Sintesio Team - consisting of experts from the industry
(EMC, fixed networks, mobile networks, broadcasting),
specially selected for this particular project

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Workshop Overview
 Introductions
 TCRA presentations
 Sintesio presentations (general, EMC, safety,
broadcasting, mobile networks, fixed networks)
 Breakaway sessions
 Wrap-up on breakaway sessions

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Results of the Workshop
 Summary  Inputs to Cost Evaluation:
 Normative, regulatory and standardization
frameworks
 Agreement on Basic Conformity asses. concepts
 Applicable Type Approval Procedures
 Laboratory Requirements
 Next step(s):
 Evaluating the cost of Type Approval Lab.
 Designing the Type Approval Laboratory

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Current Status
 Regulatory Framework well established
 Type Approval in place
 Testing limited at the most to field trials
 Installation personell has to be certified
 Vendors/ distributors have to be rgistered with the
authority
 Problem of counterfeit, sub-standard mobile terminals
 More normative framework still needed
 More enforcement needed

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Type Approval is ...
Type approval is granted to a product that meets a
minimum set of regulatory, technical and safety
requirements.
Generally, type approval is required before a product is
allowed to be sold in a particular country, so the
requirements for a given product will vary around the
world.

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Operator Vs “Regulator” Perspective
 Operators essentially want to assure revenue and
therefore strive to create/preserve value for their
customers
 While the aim of regulators is to protect the people, the
environment and the resources

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Operators do
 Performance measurement (KPIs, network element
counters, signalling monitoring)
 Implementation / protocol conformance testing
 field trial testing/ drive tests – real environment
 interoperability testing
 load testing
 E2E testing
 Sometimes have test plants / laboratories and are
better placed to conduct some tests

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Regulators/Governments Enforce
 Essential requirements:
- Safety (LVD, SAR, radiated emissions)
- Electromagnetic Compatibility (emissions and
immunity)
- Efficient use of radiofrequency spectrum
 Other

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Testing
 Conformity
- To essential requirements
- Additional, e.g. interoperability, emergency …
 Interoperability (Interconnection, interworking,
roaming, multiple vendor network)
- Not practical in type approval
- This is a real problem everybody faces

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Conformity Assessment cost depends
on a wider Type Approval framework

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Two dimensions of Conformity
Assessment costs
Subject of the discussion
of this workshop!

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Different Test & Measurement methods
Test methods Applicable for
Type Approval
Mean of Testing
(MoT)
Note
Conformance
testing
YES Laboratory ISO 9646 test methodology
Interoperability
Testing
CONDITIONAL Laboratory
/Network
ETSI recommendation
EG 202 237
Spectral
compatibility
YES Laboratory
/Network
Part of the
R&TTE 1999/05 directive
QoS
testing
NO Network Rec. ITU-T X.902
QoS
QoE
testing
NO Network Statistical methods,
e.g. Mean Opinion Score (MOS)
Acustic
measurement
CONDITIONAL Laboratory Rec. ITU-T P.64, P.79 and
ETSI EG 201 377-2

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Point of Reference: CE mark Approval
 R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC on radio and
telecommunications terminal equipment defines a
normative framework for CE mark approval and
represents a good example and a point of reference for
setting a type approval process on a national and
international level.
 Low Voltage Directive (LVD) – Directive 2006/95/EC
 Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive – Directive
2004/108/EC
 radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively
uses the spectrum allocated to terrestrial/space radio
communication

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R&TTE Requirements
Essential
Requirements
Directive(s) Standards(s)
Presumption of
Conformance
Other(s)
Technical justification
Safety
EMC
Efficient use of RF Spectrum
Optional
3.1.a
3.1.b
3.2
3.3
R&TTE … Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment

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Safety Standards
 IEC 60065 for Household Audio/Video Equipment
 IEC 60335 Household and similar electrical appliances
 IEC 60601 Medical Electrical Equipment
 IEC 60691 Thermal Links
 IEC 60730 Automatic Electrical Controls
 IEC 60745 Hand-held Electric Tools
 IEC 60950 Information Technology Equipment
 IEC 61010 Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and
Laboratory Use
 IEC 61058 Switches for Appliances
 IEC 61215 and IEC 61646 for Photovoltaic (PV) Modules
 IEC 61965 for Cathode Ray Tubes

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Good practice
Low Voltage Directive (LVD) 2006/95/EC
 http://ec.europa.eu/safety
 Harmonized standard IEC/ETSI EN 60950
• Electric shock
• Energy hazards
• Fire
• Mechanical and heat hazards
• Radiation hazards
• Chemical hazards
• Electric strength
• Leakage current
• Resistance to fire
• Protection from electric shock
• Protection from energy hazards
• Physical and constructive requirements
and more then 400 pages in std. EN 60950

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EMC - What We Need?
 EMC standards
 knowledge
 measurement equipment
 laboratory
 good will (intentions)

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EMC Standards
 IEC CISPR 16
 IEC CISPR 22 (EN 55022)
 IEC CISPR 24
 EN 300 386 v 1.4.1
 EN 61000

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Broadcasting technologies
VIDEO BROADCASTING (Digital)
TRANSMISSION
EQUIPMENT
(Transmitters, Repeaters,
Gap fillers)
RECEIVERS
(STB's, IdTV's, PC
receivers)
BROADCASTING
AUDIO BROADCASTING (Analogue: AM, FM)
VIDEO BROADCASTING (Analogue)
AUDIO BROADCASTING (Digital: DRM, T-DAB)
PLAYOUT EQUIPMENT
(Encoders, Multiplexers,
Terminal equipment)

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TECHNOLOGY
ANALOGUE BROADCASTING DIGITAL BROADCASTING
AUDIO
VIDEO
AUDIO
T-DAB, DRM
VIDEO
TRANSMISSION
EQUIPMENT
(Transmitters, Repeaters,
Gap fillers)
RECEIVERS
(STB's, IdTV's, PC
receivers)
PLAYOUT EQUIPMENT
(Encoders, Multiplexers,
Terminal equipment)
NETWORK
DIRECTIVES
STANDARDS
TEST PROCEDURES
R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC
(LVD Directive 73/23/EEC (2006/95/EC))
(EMC Directive 89/336/EEC (2004/108/EC))
SPECIAL
REQUIREMENTS
(NATIONAL)
EMC: EN 301 489 – 1 v1.8.1, EN 301 489 – 14 v1.2.1
SAFETY: EN 60065:2002 + A1:2006, EN 60215:1989 + A1:1992 +
A2:1994
RADIO: EN 302 296 v1.1.1, IEC 244-5 (clause 5.1)
Requirement
specifications for
DVB-T receivers
Test specifications
for DVB-T
receivers
GOVERNMENTAL AND
REGULATORY
SUPPORT
''INFORMATION
CAMPAIGN''
''VERIFICATION
PROCESS''
''ASO PLAN''
''PERMANENT TEST
PLATFORM''
ETSI ETR 290
IEC 60244-1
IEC 60244-6
…….

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Testing of receivers
 Assuring that the receivers comply with (future!) DVB-T
network characteristics
 Two approaches are proposed:
 One-time testing at TAL (testing of one type, preparing
a report, support in solving problems, database support
for Communication campaign)
 Permanent testing – permanent platform for
compatibility and interoperability testing (DVB-T network
is a changing environment!) using all approved
receivers on the market

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Mobile Communications Systems
 1st Generation ( Analogue, e.g. AMPS, NMT, TACS)
 2nd Generation (digital, e.g. GSM, PCS)
 3rd Generation (IMT-2000/UMTS)
 4th Generation (LTE Advanced)
 Other (PMR, TETRA etc)
MAIN SCOPE?

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Main Subsystems
User
Equipmet
Access Network Core Network –
Circuit Switched
Core Network –
Packet Switched
Radio (Non-Radio)
.
.
.
UM
UU Mobility, Call & Session Management
R&TTE (Including safety & EMC) safety & EMC

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Fixed network equipment
Types of UE Types of NE
Softswitch
IMS system
Core routers
L2/L3 switches
BRAS
IPTV system platform
Legacy networks (ATM, FR)
SDH, PDH
DWDM, CWDM
Access network
Broadband MSAN equipment
(xDSL, FTTH, POTS, …)
Home Gateway
IP phone
(IP) PBX
POS
PC (softphone)
Set-top-box (STB)
Broadband access
Core and
aggregation network
Transport network

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Scope of the Breakaway session
Decide upon TAL framework
 Which user eqipment and network elements should be
type approved?
 What test methodologies should be used?
 Which standards & recommendations should the
equipment comply to?

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Wrap-Up of the Breakaway Sessions – Common
 R&TTE Directive is a good point of reference
 Technology Independence is important
 Phased approach is encouraged
 The most problematic issues are to be addressed first
(i.e. user equipment, receivers)
 (Harmonised) standards and their references to be
used wherever possible

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Issues Identified
 Counterfeit mobile terminals
- cannot be solved by means of TA as those terminals
enter the market illegally
 Questionable quality of network equipment, i.e.
equipment not meeting the declared operation
parametres
- can be solved by menas of TA only to some extent

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Cocluding Remarks
 An independent testing facility is important for the
region.
 Phased approach encouraged. Start with essential
requirements and then expand the scope based on the
demand
 There is adequate regulatory framework but not
enough normative framework and, consequently, little
enforcement

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Concluding Remarks
 Fake phones issue cannot be solved by means of testing and TA
alone if they enter the market illegally, i.e. without TA
 Operators and regulators should equip themselves with detailed
technical (protocols, architecture, testing) knowledge. Ideally by
menas of university courses and other “neutral” sources
 Operators to concentrate on interoperability, performance and
QoS. Signalling monitoring essential
 In the beginning, regulators to concentrate on essential
requirements

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Discussion
?
kuznar@sintesio.org
primoz.jenko@mobitel.si

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More …
Support Slides

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Conformance for Each OSI Layer!
OSI Model
Data unit Layer Function
Host
layers
Data
7. Application Network process to application
6. Presentation Data representation and encryption
5. Session Interhost communication
Segment 4. Transport End-to-end connections and reliability
Media
layers
Packet 3. Network Path determination and logical addressing
Frame 2. Data Link Physical addressing
Bit 1. Physical Media, signal and binary transmission

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Why safety?
 Electrical products are now the cause of 80% of all
fires.
 Technology trend leads to reduction and minimization
of electronic circuits.
 The concentration of elements and concentration of
electric power per mm2 is increasing.
 Electrical products can fail and may not guarante full
life time.

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Step 1
 Select the product
categories
 Choose the
corresponding standards
 Equip the test laboratory,
acquire knowledge and
experience

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Step 2
 Enforce safety regulations
in the country
 Determine the penalty
 Implement controls on the
market

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How to build the test site
 Prepare enough place for:
 Warehouse for measurement and IUT equipment
 Filtering the Internal AC main power and IT network
(safety fuse and separate distribution)
 Long term tests (tests can take more than 1 month)
 Temperature&humidy tests (to assure separate
place for noisy test equipment
(temperature&humidity chamber))
 AC/AC or DC/DC variation

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EMC definition
 Electromagnetic compatibility is the ability of a
device, unit of a device or system to function
satisfactorily in the electromagnetic
environment, without the unacceptable
electromagnetic disturbances

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EMC laboratory
Dilemma:
• Pre-compliance
or
• Compliance test
• OATS (open area test site)
or
• EMC anechoic chamber
(shielded room)

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EMC laboratory - 2
 For civil use or military use
 As a help of the domestic electronics industry
or just interception of the poor products on the
market
 big difference for the investor

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EMC laboratory - 3

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Types of Mobile User Equipment
Equipment Types
Access Network –
With Radio Parts
-NodeB
- BTS
- Repeater
.
.
.
Terminals / User
equipment
-MS
- UE
.
.
.
Access Network – No
Radio Parts
-RNC
-BSC
-TRAU
.
.
.
Core Network
- MSC/ VLR
-MSCS/ VLR
-HLR/AuC
-VLR
-SGSN
-GGSN
-EIR
-SCP
-SMSC