The document discusses biblical covenants, including the covenants with Adam and Eve, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and David in the Old Testament. It notes that a covenant is a solemn agreement that involves mutual commitments. The New Testament establishes a New Covenant through Jesus Christ, in which people are justified by God's grace rather than works, and forgiveness of sins is possible. The New Covenant fulfills and replaces the Old Covenants.
These notes are taken from Chafer's book and reflect his dispensationalist view of covenants and theology. Of you are not taking my course at LTCi I recommend treating this with great care as you don't have me explaining what is meant, and in some cases why I disagree with him.
Two Covenants.
There are many Covenants God made with man
in the Bible. Let us look at the two main ones.
Video available at www.graemebibleresources.com
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Video available at www.graemebibleresources.com
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2. What Is a Covenant?
• A solemn agreement
between human
beings or between
God and a human
being in which
mutual commitments
are made.
Image in public domain
3. A Covenant with God?
• The concept of a covenant between God
and his People is one of the most central
themes of the Bible.
• In the biblical sense, a covenant implies
much more than a contract or a simple
agreement between two parties.
4. A Promise Is a Promise
• The word for covenant in the Old Testament
gives new meaning to this idea. It comes from
a Hebrew root word that means “to cut.”
• This explains the strange custom
of two people passing through
the cut bodies of slain animals
after making an agreement.
Such a ceremony always
accompanied the making of
a covenant in the Old Testament.
5. Blessings and . . .
• A covenant often promises specific
benefits, rewards, or blessings for
people who keep the terms of the
agreement.
• But they also threaten sanctions,
punishments, or curses for people
who break the terms of the contract.
6. Conditional Covenant
• With a conditional covenant, the terms of
the covenant depend on the one receiving
the covenant, not on the one granting it.
• The receiver must meet certain obligations
or conditions of the covenant before the
giver of the covenant is obligated to fulfill
what was promised.
Image
in
public
domain
7. Unconditional Covenant
• With an unconditional covenant, fulfillment
for what is promised depends solely upon
the authority and integrity of the one making
the covenant.
• It is a promise with no “if” attached to it.
Image
in
public
domain
8. Covenants in the Bible
• The first two apply to all human beings.
• The next three apply specifically to the Jews,
the “Children of Abraham.”
9. Old Testament Covenants
• Adam and Eve
• Noah and his family
• Abraham and his descendants
• Moses and the Israelites
• David and the Kingdom
11. The Edenic Covenant (Innocence)
• This outlined man’s
responsibility toward
creation and God’s
directive regarding
the tree of knowledge
of good and evil.
islandcrisis.net
12. The Adamic Covenant (Grace)
• This included the
curses pronounced
against mankind for the
sin of Adam and Eve,
as well as God’s
provision for that sin.
Image in public domain
13. Noah and His Family
• This was an unconditional Covenant
between God and Noah (specifically) and
humanity (generally).
• God gave the rainbow as
the sign of the Covenant, a
promise that God would
never again destroy all life
on earth with a flood.
• This is a reminder that God
can and will judge sin. Image in public domain
14. Abraham and His Descendants
God promised many things to
Abraham:
• He promised that he would
make Abraham’s name
great.
• He promised that Abraham
would have numerous
descendants.
• He promised that Abraham
would be the father of a
multitude of nations.
Image in public domain
15. Abraham
• God also made promises regarding a nation
called Israel.
• Another promise is that the families of the
world will be blessed through the line of
Abraham. (This is a reference to the
Messiah, who would come from this line.)
Image in public domain
16. Abraham Is Foremost
• God’s Covenant with
Abraham is absolutely
unconditional!
• It is everlasting.
• It is one of the most
profound in the Scriptures.
Image
in
public
domain
17. Moses and the Israelites
• The Mosaic Covenant was a conditional covenant.
• It brought either God’s direct blessing (if they
followed his Laws) or God’s direct cursing (for
disobedience).
Image
in
public
domain
18. Mosaic Law
• Part of the Covenant was the Ten Commandments,
but there was also the rest of the Law, which
contained more than six hundred commands—
roughly three hundred positive
and three hundred negative.
• The history books of the Old
Testament (Joshua–Esther)
detail how Israel succeeded,
or failed, at obeying the Law.
Image
in
public
domain
20. David and the Kingdom
• The Davidic Covenant
amplifies the “seed” aspect
that was detailed in the
Abrahamic Covenant.
• God promises that David’s
physical line of descent will
last forever and that his
kingdom will never pass
away.
Image in public domain
21. David’s “House”
• God will establish forever David’s “house,”
the royal dynasty through David’s
descendants.
• David’s son (Solomon) will build God’s
“house,” the first Temple of Jerusalem.
• The “sign” of this covenant will be the
descendants of David and the Temple itself.
Image
in
public
domain
22. David’s Throne
• David’s throne has not been in place at all
times.
• There would come a time, however, when
someone from the line of David would again
sit on the throne and rule as king.
Image
in
public
domain
24. The New Covenant
• The New Testament makes clear a distinction
between the Covenants of the Old Testament and
the Covenant of the New Testament.
• Saint Paul speaks of these “two covenants,” one
originating “from Mount Sinai” and the other from
“the Jerusalem above” (Galatians 4:24–26).
Image
in
public
domain
25. New Covenant
• The death of Christ ushered
in the New Covenant, under
which we are justified by
God’s grace and mercy. It
is now possible to have the
true forgiveness of sin.
• Jesus himself is the
Mediator of this better
Covenant between God and man.
• Jesus’ sacrificial death served as the
oath, which God made to us to seal
this New Covenant.
Image in public domain
26. A New Agreement
• The New Covenant is the
new agreement God has
made with mankind, based
on the death and Resurrection
of Jesus Christ.
• The concept of the New
Covenant originated with the
promise of Jeremiah that God
would accomplish for his
People what the Old Covenants
had failed to do (due to humankind’s
sins and flaws).
Image in public domain
27. Christ as Covenant
• At the Last Supper, Jesus spoke of the cup,
saying, “This is my blood of the covenant,
which will be shed on behalf of many for the
forgiveness of sins” (Matthew 26:28).
Image in public domain
29. A Review
• Five major Covenants of the Old Testament:
– Adam and Eve
– Noah
– Abraham
– Moses
– David
• The New Covenant
– Secured by Christ
– Removal of sin
– Cleansing of the conscience
Image in public domain
Editor's Notes
(Notes: Emphasize that sacrifice was part of daily life at the time. Sacrifice was a holy act.)
(Notes: After this slide, open a brief discussion with the students, asking for examples of conditional covenants [e.g., escrow, work contracts, artist contracts].)
(Notes: After this slide, open a brief discussion with the students, asking for examples of unconditional covenants [e.g., wills, inheritance, gifts].)
(Notes: This Covenant is unconditional. God declared to Adam what man's lot in life will be now that sin is in the world. The conditions of this Covenant will exist until the Kingdom Age [see Romans 8:21].
There is no appeal, and there is no human responsibility involved. The outcome of the arrangement is entirely based on God and his sovereign control.
Elements of the Covenant are:
The serpent used by Satan is cursed [see Genesis 3:14; Romans 16:20; 2 Corinthians 11:3,14; Revelation 12:9].
A Redeemer is promised [see Genesis 3:15]. We see in this prophecy both advents of Christ.
The multiplied sorrow and pain of women in childbirth and motherhood is also mentioned.
Man would henceforth earn his living by sweat [see Genesis 2:15].
Man's life would now be filled with sorrow and ultimate death [see Genesis 3:19, Ephesians 2:5].
Perhaps the most significant curse was the spiritual death that Adam and Eve experienced "on the day they ate of the fruit." A flaming cherub was placed as a testimonial to the restriction of the covenant. [From www.gotquestions.org/bible-covenants.html and www.padfield.com/2004/covenants.html])
(Notes: The geographical boundaries of the Abrahamic Covenant are laid out on more than one occasion in the Book of Genesis [see 12:7, 13:14–15, 15:18–21].)
(Notes: Review the concept of conditional and unconditional covenant.)
(Notes: Deuteronomy 11:26–28 details specifically the blessing / cursing motif.)