Tx history-ch-14.3
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Anson Jones was elected president of the Republic of Texas in 1844. As president, he inherited economic problems and a debate among Texans about whether Texas should pursue annexation by the United States. Jones continued policies aimed at reducing government spending. The most serious issue during his administration was deciding whether annexation by the United States would be beneficial for Texas.
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A comparison of jeffersonian and jacksonian concepts about democracy
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The document summarizes the Intermountain Basins and Plateaus region of far West Texas. This region is dominated by mountains, plateaus, canyons, and basins, with elevations ranging from 1,700 feet above sea level in canyon areas up to 8,749 feet at Guadalupe Peak. The landscape features desert grasses, shrubs, and cacti and has a hot, dry climate with less than 9 inches of rain per year, requiring large ranches and irrigation for agriculture. Tourism at Big Bend National Park and Guadalupe Mountains National Park boosts the regional economy.
Tx history-ch-8.2
Stephen F. Austin went to Texas after his father Moses Austin's death to carry out plans to settle Texas. He received permission from Mexican authorities to establish an American colony in Texas. Austin offered attractive land grants and terms to attract settlers, allowing them to own large tracts of land in exchange for developing the territory. He established strict guidelines requiring settlers to become Mexican citizens and convert to Catholicism. The first group of settlers arrived in Texas in 1821 on Austin's ship the Lively, bringing supplies to establish the colony.
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Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain in 1492 hoping to find a western route to Asia but instead landed in the Caribbean, establishing the first European presence in the Americas. Spanish conquistadors then sought to expand Spanish control and convert natives to Christianity, with Hernan Cortes conquering the powerful Aztec Empire after forming alliances with neighboring tribes and taking their ruler Moctezuma II captive in 1521.
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Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 after a prolonged fight. Agustín de Iturbide declared himself ruler but proved unpopular and was forced to step down, leading Mexico to become a republic. Meanwhile, Tejano ranchers lived along the Rio Grande, with some wealthy ranchers living in fort-like houses and others in small mud huts. As Mexico took control of Texas, it continued Spain's policy of secularizing missions and placing former mission lands under local control, while also having to determine policies around settlement and immigration.
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The document summarizes life in early Texas under Mexican rule after Mexico became a republic in 1824. It discusses how the Mexican Constitution of 1824 formed the state of Coahuila y Texas and gave states strong local control, similar to the US Constitution. However, it established Roman Catholicism as the official religion and did not have separation of church and state. Most Texans disliked being united with Coahuila as they wanted more local autonomy. Tensions also increased over slavery as Mexican laws restricted it while many US settlers brought slaves to Texas.
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The document discusses Texas establishing diplomatic relations with other nations after gaining independence from Mexico in 1836. It notes that Texas wanted Mexico to recognize its independence, but Mexico refused. Texas sent diplomats to the United States and Europe to gain recognition. By 1837, France, Britain, Belgium and the Netherlands had recognized Texas, which was important for immigration, trade, and loans. However, Mexico still refused to recognize Texas.
Chapter10.3
The document summarizes events in Texas in the 1830s leading up to the Texas Revolution for independence. It describes how Texans held two conventions, in 1832 and 1833, to protest Mexican policies restricting immigration and taxation. The conventions called for allowing more U.S. immigration, separating Texas from Coahuila, and establishing public schools. Stephen F. Austin lobbied for the conventions' resolutions but was later arrested in Mexico for advocating that Texas organize its own government.
Tx history-ch-14.2
Texas faced ongoing conflicts with Mexico following its revolution for independence. Mexico contested Texas' claim that its southern border was the Rio Grande river. In 1841, President Lamar of Texas sent 320 troops on the Santa Fe expedition to expand Texas' control into western lands, but they were captured by Mexican forces and imprisoned. Texas also used its small navy to put pressure on Mexico for recognition of Texas' independence, though this further strained relations between the two countries.
Tx history-ch-2.1
Texas has a variety of landforms including plains, hills, plateaus, and mountain ranges like the Guadalupe Mountains. The state also has several river systems that flow into the Gulf of Mexico like the Rio Grande and its tributaries. While Texas has few natural lakes, it has many reservoirs and aquifers that provide important water sources, such as the Ogallala Aquifer and Edwards Aquifer.
Tx history-ch-7.2
The document discusses disputes between Spain and the United States over borders and territory from 1775 to 1819. It describes how the growing power and expansion of the United States posed a threat to Spanish control of Texas and Louisiana. Specifically, it outlines tensions over where the border between Texas and Louisiana should be located, with the US claiming the Rio Grande and Spain claiming farther east. In 1806, a temporary solution was reached to establish a neutral zone, but the issue was finally resolved by the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819, which gave the US control of Florida in exchange for relinquishing claims to Texas.
Tx history-ch-2.2
Texas has a variety of climates that influence its landscape and human activity. The climate is affected by its location, winds, proximity to the Gulf of Mexico, elevation, and rainfall levels which increase from west to east. Texas experiences tornadoes, hurricanes, droughts, and blizzards. Native plants like wildflowers provide habitat for wildlife but some animals' habitats have been destroyed, causing some to go extinct. Lady Bird Johnson led efforts to beautify Texas highways with native wildflowers and established a wildlife research center to study plants.
Tx history-ch-8.3
Stephen F. Austin established the first colony in Texas and helped settle hundreds of families there despite facing many hardships. Early problems included droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks. To defend the colony, Austin set up militias and established a headquarters. By 1824, 297 families had received land and became known as the "Old Three Hundred," most of whom were farmers or slaveholders from the southern US. The capital of Austin's colony was San Felipe de Austin. Between 1825-1831, Austin acquired contracts for four additional colonies.
Tx history-ch-6.3
The Spanish returned to East Texas in 1716 to establish new missions after ignoring the region for over 20 years due to failures of earlier missions. They were alarmed by the presence of a French trader in East Texas as Spain prohibited French trade in New Spain. Domingo Ramon led an expedition to East Texas in 1716 where he and St. Denis, serving as a guide, were warmly welcomed by the Tejas Indians. They established the mission of Nuestro Padre San Francisco de los Tejas and five other missions in East Texas.
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TX History Ch 12.2
Sam Houston was elected the first president of the Republic of Texas in 1835. His goals were to maintain peace with American Indian tribes, keep Mexico at bay, and seek annexation by the United States. He reduced the size of the unrestful Texas army and relied on the Texas Rangers for frontier defense. Houston also negotiated treaties with American Indian tribes to maintain peace and assigned land to tribes, but many Texans still viewed the tribes as obstacles.
Tx history-ch-12.2
Sam Houston was elected as the first president of the Republic of Texas in 1836. His goals were to maintain peace with American Indian tribes, remain vigilant against Mexico, and pursue annexation by the United States. However, he faced unrest in the Texas army which threatened the new government, economic problems due to a financial crisis, and conflicts with American Indians as settlers moved onto tribal lands. To solve these problems, Houston reduced the army size, collected taxes, negotiated treaties with Indian tribes, and established forts along the frontier.
Jacksonian Democracy Presentation
Andrew Jackson was the 7th US President known for expanding executive power and populism. Under Jackson, the "spoils system" rewarded political supporters with government jobs. He also faced the Nullification Crisis over high tariffs, threatening force against states trying to nullify federal law. Jackson aggressively pursued the forced removal of Native Americans, like the Trail of Tears, to gain more land. His actions increased presidential authority and aligned the government more with common voters over elites.
Tx history-ch-15.3
This document discusses political parties and early governors in Texas after it joined the United States. It notes that the Democratic and Whig parties organized in Texas after annexation. The Democratic party supported annexation and represented farmers and small business owners. The document also briefly describes some of the early governors of Texas, including James Pinckney Henderson, George T. Wood, Peter H. Bell, and Elisha M. Pease. It further summarizes that governors were responsible for paying off Texas's debts, which amounted to $10 million initially and $12 million by 1850, through land grants and sales.
TX History Ch 15.3
This document summarizes political parties and early governors in Texas after it joined the United States. It discusses that Texas did not have political parties when it was the Republic of Texas, but joined the Democratic and Whig parties after annexation. It then briefly outlines six early governors of Texas between 1846 to 1859, including their terms and key issues or accomplishments. Finally, it discusses debts and land issues, noting Texas took on a large debt at annexation and gave up land to reduce it while also using land to attract settlers.
TX History Ch 15.1
The document discusses the annexation of Texas to the United States between 1836-1845. It describes how Texans approved annexation in 1836 after gaining independence from Mexico. The US was divided on the issue regionally over the expansion of slavery. Several presidents and politicians supported annexation while others opposed it. James K. Polk, a supporter of annexation and manifest destiny, was elected president in 1844 on a platform of annexing Texas. The Texas annexation resolution was finally passed in 1845, making Texas the 28th state.
Tx history-ch-15.1
The document discusses the annexation of Texas to the United States between 1836-1845. It describes how Texans approved annexation in 1836 after gaining independence from Mexico. The US was divided on the issue regionally over the expansion of slavery. Several presidents and politicians supported annexation while others opposed it. Texas was finally admitted as the 28th state in 1845 through a joint congressional resolution signed by President Polk.
Chapter 10.1 notes
The Fredonian Rebellion of 1826 occurred when Haden Edwards' empresario contract to settle 800 families near Nacogdoches was cancelled by the Mexican government. In response, Haden's brother Benjamin Edwards declared part of East Texas to be an independent republic called the Fredonian Republic. Stephen F. Austin led a militia that forced the Fredonians to flee in 1827. The rebellion worried Mexico and prompted General Manuel de Mier y Teran to investigate American influence in Texas, especially in East Texas. He warned Mexico about the growing conditions and recommended increasing trade, soldiers, and European/Mexican settlement in Texas.
TX History Ch 10.1
The Fredonian Rebellion of 1826 occurred when Haden Edwards' empresario contract to settle 800 families near Nacogdoches was cancelled by the Mexican government. In response, Haden's brother Benjamin Edwards declared part of East Texas to be an independent Republic called the Fredonian Republic. However, the rebellion was short-lived as Stephen F. Austin led a militia and Mexican army to confront the Fredonians, who then fled. The rebellion worried the Mexican government and prompted an investigation by General Manuel de Mier y Teran, who warned that growing American influence in Texas could threaten Mexican control of the region.
Sam Houston #1
Sam Houston was elected as the first president of Texas in 1836. During his presidency, he established Austin as the capital and sought annexation by the United States, but this was delayed due to tensions with Mexico over Texas' independence. Houston recognized the need for international recognition and secured support from France, Britain, and the Netherlands. However, the Republic of Texas struggled with increasing debt during Houston's term in office, which grew from $1.25 million to $2 million.
Manifest destiny jeff jack asy review
The document provides an overview of key events and developments in early 19th century American history, including Jefferson's election and policies, the Louisiana Purchase which doubled the country's size, the War of 1812, Andrew Jackson's election and policies regarding Native American removal, westward expansion and the concept of Manifest Destiny, the Texas Revolution and annexation, and the Mexican-American War which added large territories to the United States. Economic and political tensions grew between the industrial North and agricultural South over issues such as tariffs.
First Half of 19th Century
The document summarizes America's expansion and growth in the first half of the 19th century. During the Jeffersonian era, the Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the country. The War of 1812 established the US as an independent nation. Westward expansion and the concept of Manifest Destiny led the US to acquire Texas and much of the western territory through the Mexican-American War. The California Gold Rush of 1849 further fueled western migration. Sectionalism between the industrial North and agricultural South increased tensions over issues like tariffs and slavery.
Ch 4 Launching A Nation
The document summarizes key events and developments during the presidencies of David Burnet and Sam Houston, and Mirabeau Lamar in the Republic of Texas from 1836 to 1841. It discusses the establishment of an interim government, adoption of the Constitution of 1836, elections, financial challenges, relations with Native American tribes, international recognition, and policies around immigration, land, education and military defense. Lamar pursued a more aggressive policy against Native Americans and expansion compared to Houston, though both administrations struggled with debt and the economy.
Tx history-ch-11.2
The Consultation of 1835 was a meeting called by William H. Wharton to discuss Texas' future within Mexico. Delegates at the Consultation debated between declaring immediate independence from Mexico or remaining loyal in hopes Mexico would restore the Constitution of 1824. The Consultation ultimately created a provisional government and chose commissioners to travel to the United States while pledging loyalty to Mexico and warning of independence if reforms were not made. Sam Houston was named commander-in-chief of the Texas regular army.
TX History Ch 11.2
The Consultation of 1835 was a meeting called by William H. Wharton to discuss Texas' future within Mexico. At the meeting, Branch T. Archer was elected president. Delegates debated between declaring immediate independence from Mexico or remaining loyal in hopes Mexico would restore the Constitution of 1824. The Consultation ultimately created a provisional government and pledged loyalty to Mexico while warning of independence if reforms did not occur. Sam Houston was named commander-in-chief of the Texas army.
Conflict With Mexico, Part 1
The document discusses the growing conflicts between American settlers in Texas and the Mexican government in the 1820s-1840s. It describes how small colonies of American settlers established in Texas under Stephen Austin, but then thousands more Americans came, violating Mexican laws. The Mexican government tried to enforce the laws more strictly, increasing tensions, and also levied heavy taxes on American imports. This led the American settlers in Texas to declare independence from Mexico. The Republic of Texas hoped the United States would annex Texas. The annexation of Texas increased tensions further with Mexico, which never recognized Texas's independence and claimed the southern border was farther north.
MINE_-_Nationalism_to_Sectionalism_-_AGE_OF_JACKSON.ppt
The document summarizes key events and issues during the Age of Andrew Jackson from 1823 to 1860, focusing on the rise of Jacksonian democracy and the tensions between nationalism and sectionalism. It describes Jackson's popularity as a war hero and champion of the common man. It also outlines major policy debates over the tariff, nullification, the Bank of the United States, and Indian removal, and how Jackson positioned himself on these issues which heightened sectional divisions between the North, South, and West.
Jackson for slideshare
Andrew Jackson's presidency brought major changes including the "spoils system" of awarding government jobs to political supporters. He expanded voting rights but also supported the forced removal of Native American tribes, most infamously the Cherokee Trail of Tears. Tensions rose between North and South over tariffs, leading to the Nullification Crisis. Texas declared independence from Mexico and later joined the US, increasing tensions further. The Mexican-American War resulted in Mexico ceding much of the modern Southwest to the US.
Sam Houston #2 and Anson Jones
1) Houston regained the presidency of Texas in 1841 and pursued fiscal responsibility by cutting government spending and debt.
2) In 1842, a Mexican army invaded Texas and occupied several cities, sparking the Archives War when Houston tried to move government documents to Houston for safekeeping.
3) Also in 1842, General Adrian Woll led another Mexican invasion into Texas but was driven out by Texas militias and Rangers after battles.
Jacksonian Democracy
Andrew Jackson was the 7th President of the United States. Some of his key accomplishments included expanding suffrage to all white males, implementing the Spoils System which replaced many civil servants with political supporters, and pushing for the Indian Removal Act. Jackson also opposed the national bank and vetoed the renewal of its charter. His policies reflected his belief in empowering the common man in government and the economy.
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MINE_-_Nationalism_to_Sectionalism_-_AGE_OF_JACKSON.ppt
MINE_-_Nationalism_to_Sectionalism_-_AGE_OF_JACKSON.ppt
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Chapter 27.1 world war ii
World War II began in 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. The US joined the war in 1941 after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Texas contributed greatly to the war effort through training soldiers at military bases, producing goods for the war, and Texans enlisting to fight. Key Allied leaders like Eisenhower and Nimitz led the forces. Germany surrendered in 1945, but the war continued in the Pacific until the US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, leading Japan to surrender and end World War II.
Chapter 26.1 – transition in peace
After World War I, demobilization led to an economic boom as farms and factories increased production to replace wartime needs. However, it also caused labor unrest as returning soldiers sought jobs and displaced groups like women and African Americans. This period saw the founding of civil rights groups like the NAACP and LULAC to protect minority communities, but also controversies like accusations of impropriety around Governor "Ma" Ferguson's pardons and contracts.
Chapter 25 – texans at home and abroad
The document summarizes Texas' involvement in several early 20th century world events. During the Spanish-American War in 1898, over 10,000 Texans fought including Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders regiment. The war increased Texas' role in global affairs. The Mexican Revolution from 1910-1920 caused refugees to flee to Texas and conflicts with local authorities. When the U.S. entered World War I in 1917, around 200,000 Texans served while the state's economy boomed supplying needs for the war.
Chapter 24 – texas in the age of
The document discusses the progressive movement in Texas in the early 1900s, including the temperance movement which led to prohibition, and the suffrage movement which granted women the right to vote in 1919. It also notes that while women, African Americans, and Mexican Americans advocated for reforms, the voting rights of minorities were restricted by poll taxes and Jim Crow laws.
Tx23.1
This document summarizes the birth of the oil industry in Texas. It describes how demand for kerosene rose after its use in lamps was developed, leading to the initial search for oil. The first major strike in Texas was at Spindletop in 1901, where the gusher shot 70,000 barrels of oil per day. This triggered an economic boom but also led to overproduction that drove prices down. While Spindletop's reserves were soon drained, it marked the start of Texas establishing itself as a leader in oil production.
Tx23.3
The oil boom in Texas in the early 1900s led to the rapid growth of boomtowns as thousands of people moved to oil fields and nearby towns in search of work. This caused towns like Beaumont and Sour Lake to become crowded, dirty, and rough very quickly. The development of the automobile, which used gasoline-powered internal combustion engines, helped ensure the success of the growing oil industry. The oil industry also led to new petrochemical industries that produced synthetic rubber, plastics, and carbon black. The Texas legislature began regulating the oil industry to protect groundwater and prevent waste. Revenue from taxes on oil have benefited education in Texas through the Permanent University Fund, which provides funding for the University of Texas
Tx23.2
Wildcatters, or independent explorers, took significant risks searching for new oil fields in Texas in the early 1900s. Some of the earliest and largest oil fields were discovered, including at Sour Lake in 1893 and the East Texas oil field in the 1930s, which became one of the largest oil fields in the world. As more oil fields were found across Texas, the oil industry grew significantly and operators had to develop ways to transport and market oil and natural gas.
Tx history 21.1
Spanish settlers first established cattle ranching in Texas in the 1700s, driving herds of longhorn cattle north from Mexico to supply missions along the Rio Grande and San Antonio Rivers. By the 1800s, Tejano ranchers had established cattle ranching as the primary economic activity in Texas, driving longhorn cattle to markets in New Orleans and other states. However, problems with rustlers and limited access to markets kept the cattle industry in Texas relatively small until after the Civil War, when Union blockades during the war prevented Texas longhorns from being driven out of state, allowing their numbers to grow substantially.
Tx history 21.4
Joseph Glidden, an Illinois farmer, invented barbed wire in the 1870s, making large-scale fencing inexpensive and easy. This led to the closing of the open range as ranchers began fencing off their land, ending the era of free-roaming cattle. However, the introduction of barbed wire also caused conflicts known as range wars between small landowners and ranchers over blocked roads and fences surrounding water sources. State legislatures eventually passed laws against fence cutting and requiring gates to be placed along fences. The closing of the open range transformed cattle ranching and marked the end of an important period in the history of the American West.
Tx history 21.3
The document discusses ranching in South Texas and the Panhandle region. It describes the King Ranch, which was once over 1 million acres and is still larger than Rhode Island today. It also established the towns of Kingsville and Raymondville. In the Panhandle, the removal of Native Americans opened the land for cattle ranching, with the Ogallala Aquifer providing water and windmills later expanding farming. Large ranches were established like the JA Ranch and XIT Ranch, which covered 3 million acres, almost the size of Connecticut, and ran 150,000 cattle. Cowboys faced many dangers and hardships despite the romanticized myths of their lifestyle.
Tx history 21.1
Spanish settlers first established cattle ranching in Texas in the 1700s, driving herds of longhorn cattle north from Mexico to supply missions along the Rio Grande and San Antonio Rivers. By the 1800s, Tejano ranchers had spread cattle ranching across much of central and southeast Texas, driving longhorn cattle to markets in New Orleans and other states. However, problems with rustlers and limited access to markets kept the cattle industry in Texas relatively small until after the Civil War, when Union blockades during the war prevented Texas longhorns from being driven out of state, allowing their numbers to greatly expand across the state.
Tx history-ch-18.3
The document summarizes several key campaigns and battles in Texas and the Southwest during the Civil War. Confederate General Henry Sibley attempted to seize control of the region in 1861 but was forced to retreat from Union forces at Glorieta Pass in New Mexico. Later, Confederate forces recaptured the important port of Galveston from the Union by converting steamboats into armored "cottonclad" gunboats. The Confederates also defended successfully against Union attacks at Sabine Pass and Laredo, Texas. However, the Union did briefly capture Brownsville in 1863 before being driven out. Ultimately, Confederate forces turned back several Union campaigns aimed at invading Texas, including the Red River Campaign in
Tx history-ch-18.2
The Civil War began in April 1861 when Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina. In response, Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to fight for the Union. This caused Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina to secede and join the Confederacy. Thousands of Texans also rushed to join the Confederate forces. By the end of 1861, there were 25,000 Texans fighting for the Confederacy in regiments of about 1,000 soldiers each. Major battles took place in the East around Washington D.C. and Richmond as well as in the West around the Mississippi River Valley, which was a key strategic area. The bloodiest day of the war was the Battle of Antietam in September 1862,
Tx history-ch-18.3
The document summarizes several key campaigns and battles in Texas and the Southwest during the Civil War. Confederate General Henry Sibley attempted to seize control of the region in 1861 but was forced to retreat from Union forces at Glorieta Pass in New Mexico. In 1863, Confederate forces recaptured the important port of Galveston using converted steamboats armed with cotton bales. At the Battle of Sabine Pass, Lieutenant Richard Dowling and a small group of Confederate artillerymen were able to cripple two Union gunboats and capture 300 soldiers. While the Union captured Brownsville, Texas briefly, it was retaken by Confederate forces by the end of 1863.
Guided reading 18.2
This document provides a reading passage and questions about the Civil War and Texas's involvement. It discusses key events like the Battle of Fort Sumter starting the war, leaders like Jefferson Davis and generals Albert Sidney Johnston and Samuel Bell Maxey. Texas militias captured supplies in San Antonio and the war's major battles were east of the Mississippi River. When Vicksburg surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant, the Confederacy was split in two. Post-reading questions ask about Confederate army units organized by B.F. Terry, John Bell Hood, and Lawrence Ross.
Guided reading 18.3
This document provides a reading passage and questions about Texas and the Civil War. It includes a list of 10 people involved in the war and their descriptions, and asks the student to match each person to their role. It also asks the student to explain why the Confederacy wanted to seize the Southwest region after reading the passage. The summary is complete in 3 sentences.
Chapter 31.1 local government
Local governments in Texas include counties, cities, and special districts. Counties are divided into precincts and governed by a commissioners' court made up of elected commissioners. Municipal governments include mayor-council, council-manager, and commission forms. Home-rule charters allow cities over 5,000 people to choose their form of government, while smaller general-law cities operate under state laws. Special districts provide specific services like schools, hospitals, and transportation.
Chapter 30.5 budget and educationl
The document summarizes key aspects of the Texas state budget and public education system. It discusses that the state budget is set through an appropriations bill process involving the Office of Budget and Planning, Legislative Budget Board, and legislature. It also outlines major sources of state revenue and how funds are allocated, including billions spent on education annually in accordance with the Texas Constitution requiring free public education. Administration of public schools is divided between state entities that set policy and local school districts that manage day-to-day operations and property taxes.
Chapter 30.4 texas judical
Texas has a three-tiered court system. At the lowest level are justice of peace, municipal, and county courts that handle misdemeanors and smaller civil cases. District courts handle felonies, major civil suits, and appeals from lower courts. The two highest appellate courts are the Supreme Court and Court of Criminal Appeals, which review cases to ensure legal procedures were followed and determine the constitutionality of laws. Citizens can serve on either grand juries, which decide if there is enough evidence for a felony trial, or petit juries, which decide verdicts in trials.
Chapter 30.4 texas judical
Texas has a three-tiered court system. At the lowest level are justice of the peace courts and municipal courts that handle misdemeanors and smaller civil cases. Above them are county courts, and at the highest level are district courts that handle felonies, divorces, and larger civil cases. Appellate courts review trials to determine if proper procedures were followed and can order new trials or overturn verdicts. The Texas Supreme Court and Court of Criminal Appeals are the highest appellate courts, reviewing all death penalty cases and criminal cases respectively. Grand juries decide if someone should be indicted for a felony, while petit juries decide verdicts in trials.
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Tx history-ch-14.3
- 1. Chapter 14: Texas Faces Foreign Challenges Section 3: The Last Years of the Republic
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