Three experiments investigated the impact of inter-hemispheric interaction on motor learning independent of practice conditions. In Experiment 1, participants practiced a motor task with ipsilateral or bilateral hand and foot movements, and were tested on the same or opposite type of movement. Bilateral practice led to better performance on both test types compared to ipsilateral practice. Experiment 2 doubled ipsilateral practice and found similar results. Experiment 3 extended practice over 4 days and a 48-hour retention interval, again finding bilateral practice benefited performance more. The results suggest inter-hemispheric interaction positively impacts motor learning regardless of practice conditions or cognitive explanations.
Biomechanical mapping of the female pelvic floor is a new methodology for characterization of pelvic diseased conditions which caused by changes in tissue elasticity, pelvic support and functional anatomy. Vaginal Tactile Imager (VTI) provides a comprehensive set of biomechanical parameters to aid in diagnosis and evaluation of vaginal and pelvic floor conditions. It allows characterization of tissue elasticity, pelvic support and function in patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The VTI has FDA approval and CPT Code. The VTI can be used for POP treatment planning and monitoring.
At the end of this lecture, the student should be able to:
1. understand structure of research study appropriate for independent-measures t hypothesis test
2. test between two populations or two treatments using independent measures t statistics
3. understand how to evaluate the assumptions underlying this test
Standing Up" For Students: Effects On Classroom PerformanceCSCJournals
It is known that there are many health risks associated with prolonged sedentary time, but breaking up periods of sitting can reduce these risks (Healy, 2008). University students experience excessive sedentary time during class. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sitting, dynamic sitting, and standing desks on classroom performance of university students. Based on a randomization sequence, 40 participants (N = 20, females, M age = 20.9) performed three classroom simulations using a classic, dynamic sitting, and standing desk. Each simulation included a typing and memory task. Participants were asked to type the paragraph displayed as fast and as accurate as possible while paying attention to a video. Following the video participants answered multiple-choice questions to assess memory. Results showed no significant differences in speed-accuracy or memory (all p values > .05, ?2 effect size range 0.001-0.027) between sitting, dynamic sitting, and standing desks.
Comparison of Three Segmentation Methods for Breast Ultrasound Images Based o...IJECEIAES
Breast cancer is one of the major causes of death among women all over the world. The most frequently used diagnosis tool to detect breast cancer is ultrasound. However, to segment the breast ultrasound images is a difficult thing. Some studies show that the active contour models have been proved to be the most successful methods for medical image segmentation. The level set method is a class of curve evolution methods based on the geometric active contour model. Morphological operation describes a range of image processing technique that deal with the shape of features in an image. Morphological operations are applied to remove imperfections that introduced during segmentation. In this paper, we have evaluated three level set methods that combined with morphological operations to segment the breast lesions. The level set methods that used in our research are the Chan Vese (CV) model, the Selective Binary and Gaussian Filtering Regularized Level Set (SBGFRLS) model and the Distance Regularized Level Set Evolution (DRLSE) model. Furthermore, to evaluate the method, we compared the segmented breast lesion that obtained by each method with the lesion that obtained manually by radiologists. The evaluation is done by four metrics: Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), True-Positive Ratio (TPR), TrueNegative Ratio (TNR), and Accuracy (ACC). Our experimental results with 30 breast ultrasound images showed that the C-V model that combined with morphological operations have better performance than the other two methods according to mean value of DSC metrics.
Biomechanical mapping of the female pelvic floor is a new methodology for characterization of pelvic diseased conditions which caused by changes in tissue elasticity, pelvic support and functional anatomy. Vaginal Tactile Imager (VTI) provides a comprehensive set of biomechanical parameters to aid in diagnosis and evaluation of vaginal and pelvic floor conditions. It allows characterization of tissue elasticity, pelvic support and function in patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The VTI has FDA approval and CPT Code. The VTI can be used for POP treatment planning and monitoring.
At the end of this lecture, the student should be able to:
1. understand structure of research study appropriate for independent-measures t hypothesis test
2. test between two populations or two treatments using independent measures t statistics
3. understand how to evaluate the assumptions underlying this test
Standing Up" For Students: Effects On Classroom PerformanceCSCJournals
It is known that there are many health risks associated with prolonged sedentary time, but breaking up periods of sitting can reduce these risks (Healy, 2008). University students experience excessive sedentary time during class. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sitting, dynamic sitting, and standing desks on classroom performance of university students. Based on a randomization sequence, 40 participants (N = 20, females, M age = 20.9) performed three classroom simulations using a classic, dynamic sitting, and standing desk. Each simulation included a typing and memory task. Participants were asked to type the paragraph displayed as fast and as accurate as possible while paying attention to a video. Following the video participants answered multiple-choice questions to assess memory. Results showed no significant differences in speed-accuracy or memory (all p values > .05, ?2 effect size range 0.001-0.027) between sitting, dynamic sitting, and standing desks.
Comparison of Three Segmentation Methods for Breast Ultrasound Images Based o...IJECEIAES
Breast cancer is one of the major causes of death among women all over the world. The most frequently used diagnosis tool to detect breast cancer is ultrasound. However, to segment the breast ultrasound images is a difficult thing. Some studies show that the active contour models have been proved to be the most successful methods for medical image segmentation. The level set method is a class of curve evolution methods based on the geometric active contour model. Morphological operation describes a range of image processing technique that deal with the shape of features in an image. Morphological operations are applied to remove imperfections that introduced during segmentation. In this paper, we have evaluated three level set methods that combined with morphological operations to segment the breast lesions. The level set methods that used in our research are the Chan Vese (CV) model, the Selective Binary and Gaussian Filtering Regularized Level Set (SBGFRLS) model and the Distance Regularized Level Set Evolution (DRLSE) model. Furthermore, to evaluate the method, we compared the segmented breast lesion that obtained by each method with the lesion that obtained manually by radiologists. The evaluation is done by four metrics: Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), True-Positive Ratio (TPR), TrueNegative Ratio (TNR), and Accuracy (ACC). Our experimental results with 30 breast ultrasound images showed that the C-V model that combined with morphological operations have better performance than the other two methods according to mean value of DSC metrics.
To Compare the Effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Ultrasound on Jaw Range ...ijtsrd
Introduction Temporomandibular joint is a horse shaped bone that articulates with the temporomandibular bone. When TM joint is not working properly, the condition is known as temporomandibular joint dysfunction joint. The TMJ is positioned Right in front of ear canals. Objective The aim and objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique MET and Ultrasound in patient with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction. Methods 20 subjects with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction were divided conveniently into two groups Group A was receiving Muscle Energy Technique MET and Group B was receiving Ultrasound. The treatment was continued for 5 days and readings were taken 1st and 5th day. Result The study showed non significant improvements in R.O.M following 5 sessions of treatment within both groups. Conclusion Muscle Energy Technique MET and Ultrasound both are effective in Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction. Dr Jaspinder Kaur | Dr Shilpy Jetly ""To Compare the Effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Ultrasound on Jaw Range of Motion in Subjects with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23579.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/23579/to-compare-the-effect-of-muscle-energy-technique-and-ultrasound-on-jaw-range-of-motion-in-subjects-with-temporomandibular-joint-dysfunction/dr-jaspinder-kaur
This presentation deals with the basics of design of experiments and discusses all the three basic statistical designs i.e. CRD, RBD and LSD. Further it explains the guidelines for developing experimental research.
Correlation between conventional clinical tests and a new movement assessment...Stavros Litsos
Correlation between conventional clinical tests and a new movement assessment battery - Bachelor thesis (poster)
Despite the complexity of movements performed in sports, physical examination is today done by conventional tests that evaluate joints and muscles individually (e.g. Smith press test, Figure1). Our study used a new movement assessment battery of 20 reach tests, which incorporates the complexity and diversity of natural human movements, taking into consideration that joints are interdependent in a movement and that the planes and sequences of a movement change during its performance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there is a correlation between conventional mobility tests and the new assessment battery.
Parameter Optimization of Shot Peening Process of PMG AL2024 Alloy CoverIOSRJMCE
Shot peening leads to local plastic deformations in the near-surface regions, which result in the development of compressive residual stress and the improvement of surface hardness in the aerospace structural components. These properties can be enhanced by careful selection of the peening parameters. PMG Cover of AL2024 Aluminum Alloy is widely used in the generator manufacturing cover due to its high specific static strength. In this study a Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis is presented to optimize the surface properties of residual stress, micro hardness. The effects of four peening parameters (Shot Diameter, Shot Velocity, Impact Angle, Nozzle Distance) on micro hardness and residual stress are investigated Design of Experiment work is carried out by MINITAB 14 software tools of Taguchi Grey relational method, for getting excellent shot peening process parameter combination by MAT LAB R2009 software tools of advanced Optimization method as Genetic Algorithm, Simulated Annealing. Compare of the above reading for the investigation.
The hamstring muscle group is the most frequently injured, representing
approximately 12 to 24% of all athletic injuries.1,2 These injuries may be due to
disproportionate training performed for the quadriceps,3 with hamstring strains
occurring more frequently in those who demonstrated hamstring weakness, and
lower hamstring-to-quadriceps strength ratios.2 Thus, hamstring strength is impor-
tant for athletic performance and injury prevention in a variety of sports.
To Compare the Effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Ultrasound on Jaw Range ...ijtsrd
Introduction Temporomandibular joint is a horse shaped bone that articulates with the temporomandibular bone. When TM joint is not working properly, the condition is known as temporomandibular joint dysfunction joint. The TMJ is positioned Right in front of ear canals. Objective The aim and objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique MET and Ultrasound in patient with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction. Methods 20 subjects with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction were divided conveniently into two groups Group A was receiving Muscle Energy Technique MET and Group B was receiving Ultrasound. The treatment was continued for 5 days and readings were taken 1st and 5th day. Result The study showed non significant improvements in R.O.M following 5 sessions of treatment within both groups. Conclusion Muscle Energy Technique MET and Ultrasound both are effective in Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction. Dr Jaspinder Kaur | Dr Shilpy Jetly ""To Compare the Effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Ultrasound on Jaw Range of Motion in Subjects with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23579.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/23579/to-compare-the-effect-of-muscle-energy-technique-and-ultrasound-on-jaw-range-of-motion-in-subjects-with-temporomandibular-joint-dysfunction/dr-jaspinder-kaur
This presentation deals with the basics of design of experiments and discusses all the three basic statistical designs i.e. CRD, RBD and LSD. Further it explains the guidelines for developing experimental research.
Correlation between conventional clinical tests and a new movement assessment...Stavros Litsos
Correlation between conventional clinical tests and a new movement assessment battery - Bachelor thesis (poster)
Despite the complexity of movements performed in sports, physical examination is today done by conventional tests that evaluate joints and muscles individually (e.g. Smith press test, Figure1). Our study used a new movement assessment battery of 20 reach tests, which incorporates the complexity and diversity of natural human movements, taking into consideration that joints are interdependent in a movement and that the planes and sequences of a movement change during its performance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there is a correlation between conventional mobility tests and the new assessment battery.
Parameter Optimization of Shot Peening Process of PMG AL2024 Alloy CoverIOSRJMCE
Shot peening leads to local plastic deformations in the near-surface regions, which result in the development of compressive residual stress and the improvement of surface hardness in the aerospace structural components. These properties can be enhanced by careful selection of the peening parameters. PMG Cover of AL2024 Aluminum Alloy is widely used in the generator manufacturing cover due to its high specific static strength. In this study a Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis is presented to optimize the surface properties of residual stress, micro hardness. The effects of four peening parameters (Shot Diameter, Shot Velocity, Impact Angle, Nozzle Distance) on micro hardness and residual stress are investigated Design of Experiment work is carried out by MINITAB 14 software tools of Taguchi Grey relational method, for getting excellent shot peening process parameter combination by MAT LAB R2009 software tools of advanced Optimization method as Genetic Algorithm, Simulated Annealing. Compare of the above reading for the investigation.
The hamstring muscle group is the most frequently injured, representing
approximately 12 to 24% of all athletic injuries.1,2 These injuries may be due to
disproportionate training performed for the quadriceps,3 with hamstring strains
occurring more frequently in those who demonstrated hamstring weakness, and
lower hamstring-to-quadriceps strength ratios.2 Thus, hamstring strength is impor-
tant for athletic performance and injury prevention in a variety of sports.
Computational Pool-Testing with Retesting StrategyWaqas Tariq
Pool testing is a cost effective procedure for identifying defective items in a large population. It also improves the efficiency of the testing procedure when imperfect tests are employed. This study develops computational pool-testing strategy based on a proposed pool testing with re-testing strategy. Statistical moments based on this applied design have been generated. With advent of computers in 1980‘s, pool-testing with re-testing strategy under discussion is handled in the context of computational statistics. From this study, it has been established that re-testing reduces misclassifications significantly as compared to Dorfman procedure although re-testing comes with a cost i.e. increase in the number of tests. Re-testing considered improves the sensitivity and specificity of the testing scheme.
Correlation between conventional clinical tests and a new movement assessment...Stavros Litsos
Correlation between conventional clinical tests and a new movement assessment battery - Bachelor thesis
Despite the complexity of movements performed in sports, physical examination is today done by conventional tests that evaluate joints and muscles individually (e.g. Smith press test, Figure1). Our study used a new movement assessment battery of 20 reach tests, which incorporates the complexity and diversity of natural human movements, taking into consideration that joints are interdependent in a movement and that the planes and sequences of a movement change during its performance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there is a correlation between conventional mobility tests and the new assessment battery.
EFFECT OF POSTURAL CONTROL BIOMECHANICAL GAIN ON PSYCHOPHYSICAL DETECTION THR...ijbbjournal
A Sliding Linear Investigative Platform for Assessing Lower Limb Stability (SLIP-FALLS) was employed to study postural control biomechanical reaction to external perturbations in a short ≤16mm postural perturbation. Head acceleration were evaluated while blindfolded subjects stood on a platform that was given a short anterior perturbation presented in one of 2 sequential 4s intervals (2-Alternative-ForcedChoice) for a set of 30 trials. Anterior-Posterior head acceleration (Head Accl AP) were investigated among the movement and non- movement intervals for the healthy adults. A strong ringing signal was observed in Head Accl AP movement interval that was absent in non-movement interval. A positive power
law trading relationship was found between Head Accl AP gain and move length standing blindfolded subjects. This could explain the observed negative power law relationship between translation length and peak acceleration threshold in previous psychophysical detection threshold studies.
Two Hemispheres are Better Than One for Motor Learning_NCM 2015 Conference Poster 1
1. Two Hemispheres are Better Than One for
Motor Learning
Kalpish M. Shah, Samantha L. Stevenson, Nathan R. Vassey, Alexandra V. Court
& Robert M. Kohl
Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, The College of William and Mary
Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
MOTOR LEARNING EXPLANATIONS
Motor learning research has been largely associated with the
cognitive perspective. Varied practice schedules/conditions have
been administered to infer different cognitive processes (e.g.,
elaboration and memory reconstruction) in order to determine their
relative impact on motor memory. Collectively, it has been
demonstrated that practicing simple responses in a repetitive
schedule benefited motor learning less then practicing simple
responses in a more random schedule. Also, the controlling of
simple, repetitive responses activates the contralateral hemisphere
while controlling simple repetitive responses in a more random
fashion activates both hemispheres. Hence, it is difficult to
determine if motor learning effects are best explained by cognitive
constructs or by network adaptation associated with hemispheric
interaction. The purpose these experiments was to determine the
impact of inter-hemispheric interaction on motor learning
independent of changing practice conditions associated with
underlying cognitive constructs.
EXPERIMENT I
Participants’ alternated simple hand and foot taps to control the
direction of a vertical accelerating curser to trace a dynamic vertical
sine wave target. During acquisition practice, half of the participants
employed ipsilateral (i.e. contralateral hemispheric activity)
alternating hand and foot tapping, and half employed bilateral (i.e.
contralateral/ipsilateral hemispheric activity) to control the curser.
After a 24 hr interval, half of the participants that had ipsilateral
acquisition practice were given a retention test on the bilateral
condition, and half were given a retention test on the ipsilateral
condition. Likewise, half of the participants that had bilateral
acquisition practice were given a retention test on the bilateral
condition, and half were given a retention test on the ipsilateral
condition (i.e., spit-plot design). Based on transfer of specificity, it is
predicted that each practice group will perform best on their
respective retention test.
Methods
Participants: Twenty-four undergraduate students.
Apparatus: See Figure 1.
Procedure: See the introduction to Experiment 1 and Figure 2 that
describe and illustrate the split-plot design used in this study. There
were thirty 15 s trials with 15 s intervals during acquisition
performance. After a 24 hr retention interval, participants had a three
trial retention test on either ipsillateral or bilateral tapping
performance (see Figure 2).
Figure 2. The illustration depicts a split plot design with
counterbalancing of laterality for acquisition conditions (left) and
retention tests (right).
Results and Discussion
Acquisition: Collapsed (by every 3 trials) averaged data is presented
in Figure 4 (left). Separate 2 x 10 ANOVA [Laterality (ipsilateral,
bilateral) x Trial (1-10, repeated)] revealed an interaction on all
dependent variables indicating that bilateral and ipsilateral
acquisition groups improve their performance differently across trial
blocks.
Retention: Collapsed (by 3 trials) averaged data is presented in
Figure 3 (right). Separate 2 x 2 ANOVA [Acquisition Practice
(ipsilateral, bilateral) x Retention Test (ipsilateral, bilateral)]
revealed an interaction for all dependent variables. The follow-up
analyses indicated that the bilateral acquisition group performed
better on the ipsilateral retention test compared to the performance
of the ipsilateral group on the bilateral retention test. However, more
acquisition tap production by the bilateral group compared to the
ipsilateral group (see Figure 4 top, left) may account for this pattern.
Experiment 2 tested this explanation.
EXPERIMENT II
The procedure for Experiment 1 was identical to Experiment 2 with the
exception that the amount of ipsilateral acquisition practice was doubled
compared to the amount of bilateral acquisition practice.
Methods
Participants: Twenty-four undergraduate students.
Apparatus: See Figure 1.
Procedure:The procedure was identical to Experiment 1 except the ipsilateral
acquisition group had an additional 30 acquisition trials on the day prior the
original acquisition practice conditions as described in the pervious. In brief,
ipsilateral group = Day 1 practice + Day 2 practice vs bilateral group = Day 2
practice only. Day 3, ipsilateral and bilateral retention tests.
Results and Discussion
Acquisition day 1: Collapsed (by every 3 trials) averaged data is presented in
Figure 5 (far left). A separate ANOVA on trials (1-10) indicated an increased
number of taps, increased rhythmicity, and decreased RMSE for the
ipsilateral group.
Acquisition day 2:Collapsed (by every 3 trials) averaged data is presented in
Figure 5 (center left). Separate 2 x 10 ANOVA [Laterality (ipsilateral,
bilateral) x Trial (1-10, repeated)] revealed an interaction on all dependent
variables indicating that bilateral and ipsilateral acquisition groups improved
their pefromance differently across trial blocks.
Retention day 3: Collapsed (by 3 trials) averaged data is presented in Figure
5 (right). Separate 2 x 2 ANOVA [Acquisition Practice (ipsilateral, bilateral)
x Retention Test (ipsilateral, bilateral)] revealed an interaction for all
dependent variables. The follow-up analyses indicated that the bilateral
acquisition group had a greater positive impact on the ipsilateral retention
test compared to the positive impact of the ipsilateral acquisition group had
on the bilateral retention test.
EXPERIMENT III
The purpose of Experiment 3 was to determine if the pattern results from
Experiments 1 and 2 would be replicated under conditions of four practice
days (30 trial each day) and a 48 hr retention interval.
Methods
Participants: Twenty-four undergraduate students.
Apparatus: See Figure 1.
Procedure:The same split plot design was utilized. There were four days of
acquisition practice. Each day of practice was identical to Experiment 1.
After a 48 hr retention interval there were retention tests that matched
Experiments 1 and 2 (see Figure 5).
Figure 5. The illustration depicts a split plot design for acquisition conditions
(left) and counterbalancing retention tests (right).
Results and Discussion
Acquisition days (1-4), Collapsed (by day, 30 trials) averaged data is
presented in Figure 6 (left). Separate 2 x 10 ANOVA [Laterality (ipsilateral,
bilateral) x Day (1-4, repeated)] revealed a main effect of Laterality
indicating increased number of taps, increased rhythmicity, and decreased
RMSE for both groups with the bilateral groups performing better.
Retention day 5: Collapsed (by 3 trials) averaged data is presented in Figure
6 (right). Separate 2 x 2 ANOVA [Acquisition Practice (ipsilateral, bilateral)
x Retention Test (ipsilateral, bilateral)] revealed an interaction for all
dependent variables. The follow-up analyses indicated that the bilateral
acquisition group had a greater positive impact on the ipsilateral retention
test compared to the positive impact of the ipsilateral acquisition group had
bilateral retention test.
GENERAL DISCUSSION
Collectively, all three experiments provide strong evidence that inter-
hemispheric interaction had a positive impact on motor learning adaptation
independent of any change in practice conditions associated with differing
underlying cognitive processes/constructs. This is an important
demonstration because practice conditions associated with underlying
cognitive processes that promote motor learning also have greater inter-
hemispheric interaction. The present data and explanation advocates the need
for inter-hemispheric adaptation as the common bases for motor learning and
calls into question the need of cognitive explanations (memory
reconstruction, elaboration) to explain motor learning effects.
Figure 1. The same Pew type Task was used in all 3 experiments. The cursor on the screen
accelerated vertically (38.6 cm/s2). Participant’s attempted to keep the curser on the dynamic
center target (1.5 cycles of a sine wave, 0.1 Hz, with an amplitude of 1.25 cm), by controlling its
direction. Hand tap directed the curser down and a foot tap directed the curse up. An ipsilateral
condition left and a bilateral condition right.
Figure 3. Laterality (ipsilateral, bilateral) conditions across acquisition trial blocks (left) and
Laterality (ipsilateral, bilateral) of retention tests for acquisition laterality conditions (right).
Mean number of key presses (top), rhythmicity (middle), and RMSE (bottom).
Figure 4. Laterality (ipsilateral, bilateral) conditions across acquisition trial blocks (far left and left)
and Laterality (ipsilateral, bilateral) of retention tests for acquisition laterality conditions (right). Mean
number of key presses (top), rhythmicity (middle), and RMSE (bottom).
Figure 6. Laterality (ipsilateral, bilateral) conditions across acquisition days (left) and
Laterality (ipsilateral, bilateral) of retention tests for acquisition laterality conditions
(right).Mean number of key presses (top), rhythmicity (middle), and RMSE (bottom).