This document discusses financing strategies to support development goals after 2015. It proposes increasing the impact of available resources through good policies and credible institutions. Additional resources could be leveraged from domestic and foreign sources. Developing countries could generate more tax revenues, ensure efficient spending, promote financial inclusion and private sector growth. The international community could maximize aid impact, support new partners, tap private finance, and provide global public goods. Public-private partnerships and syndicated loans with development banks could leverage private flows for long-term investments.
Introduction to the Post-2015 Development Agenda from the World Bank with spe...SDGsPlus
Special High-Level Meeting of the ECOSOC with Bretton Woods Institutions, the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
New York, USA
April 2013
Final project unlocking investment & finance in emerging markets and develo...Damian Attah
Nigeria's GDP has been growing in a slower pace compared to the population growth rate of 2.6%. The year-on-year budget deficit and the slow growth in government revenue has continued to constrain investment in critical social and physical infrastructure that will be needed to be on the path of economic growth. The ineffective fiscal framework and erosion of social trust in government spending has resulted to a tax to GDP ratio of less than 1% compared to the minimum requirement of 15% recommended for an emerging nation like Nigeria. The country's current debt profile of over $73billion and the allocation of 23% of the annual budget to debt servicing makes additional loans quite unsustainable. Funding the critical sectors that will create a transformative growth will require the crowding in of required financing from both the public and private sources and the unlocking of investment opportunities that will attract FDI, ODA and OOF finance. Posing as a government official that is exploring the option of attracting public, private and multilateral funding, the slides seeks to address the following:
(a) What are the estimated financing needs for the country’s development?
(b) Which sources of finance are available to you international and domestically, from both public and private sources?
(c) How will the country access these?
(d) How will you work with multilateral development banks to address barriers to accessing these sources of finance?
Introduction to the Post-2015 Development Agenda from the World Bank with spe...SDGsPlus
Special High-Level Meeting of the ECOSOC with Bretton Woods Institutions, the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
New York, USA
April 2013
Final project unlocking investment & finance in emerging markets and develo...Damian Attah
Nigeria's GDP has been growing in a slower pace compared to the population growth rate of 2.6%. The year-on-year budget deficit and the slow growth in government revenue has continued to constrain investment in critical social and physical infrastructure that will be needed to be on the path of economic growth. The ineffective fiscal framework and erosion of social trust in government spending has resulted to a tax to GDP ratio of less than 1% compared to the minimum requirement of 15% recommended for an emerging nation like Nigeria. The country's current debt profile of over $73billion and the allocation of 23% of the annual budget to debt servicing makes additional loans quite unsustainable. Funding the critical sectors that will create a transformative growth will require the crowding in of required financing from both the public and private sources and the unlocking of investment opportunities that will attract FDI, ODA and OOF finance. Posing as a government official that is exploring the option of attracting public, private and multilateral funding, the slides seeks to address the following:
(a) What are the estimated financing needs for the country’s development?
(b) Which sources of finance are available to you international and domestically, from both public and private sources?
(c) How will the country access these?
(d) How will you work with multilateral development banks to address barriers to accessing these sources of finance?
The various source of funding , its disbursement trend, sectoral use for economic development, impediments for effective uses, shifting from MDGs to SDGs, Pillars of Sustainable Development, Blending of Financing, PPP in development are the key area discussed in this essay.
OECD presentation on financing for sustainable development in the COVID-19 era and beyond. Filling the SDG financing gap and aligning resources in support of sustainable and inclusive development.
This document aims at raising awareness of college students who receive their first introductory training course on international development. At the end of this course, the students will understand the need for synergies between the public and private sectors in order to increase available fund to fulfill the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is of the utmost importance that the international community mobilizes itself towards the fulfillment of the SDGs within the next 15 years. The self-explanatory figure explains the process of financing for development while the short text brings an overall explanation.
This is an update of the 2012 presentation at https://www.slideshare.net/WorldResources/emerging-actors-in-development-finance-a-closer-look-at-chinas-overseas-investment
When it comes to overseas development finance, China is definitely a country to watch. Due to the country’s unprecedented economic growth, China’s overseas investments have increased exponentially in recent years. Between 2009 and 2010, two Chinese state-owned banks lent more money to other developing nations than the World Bank did. In fact, between 2002 and 2011, China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) stock grew from $29 billion to more than $424 billion.
But what factors are driving all of this growth? What areas of the world are on the receiving end of China’s OFDI flows? And what sorts of social and environmental standards are in place for banks’ and enterprises’ investments? WRI answers these questions and many more in its recently updated powerpoint presentation "Chinese Development Finance: A Closer Look at Chinese Sustainable Finance."
Standard Chartered Opportunity 2030 - SDG Investment MapJohn Smith
Executive summary - The USD10 trillion investment opportunity
The private sector has a critical role to play in meeting the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) over the next decade. Not only is it expected that private investors will contribute their share, there is a clear business case for doing so as, increasingly, investors build environmental, social and governance risk into their decision-making and seek to act in the interests of a broader range of stakeholders.
Financing for Development - Financing MSMEs for Economic Growth and DevelopmentR. M
A digital artifact aimed at proposing a financing solution to the credit issue faced by MSMEs in Nigeria. The target of this presentation is a cross section of public sector agents who can engage the development community to seek solutions to the aforementioned issue. The presentation proposes two major solutions; technical assistance to make Nigeria's business environment conducive to businesses, and a financing solution that allows for flow of much needed credit to the MSME sector through the creation of a national development bank. The importance of funding MSMEs cannot be overstated; they are drivers of not only economic growth but serve service other development agendas such as poverty eradication, reduction in wealth imbalances, employment generation etc. Consequently, it is imperative to provide support to MSMEs, especially in developing countries where they lack access to finance, if we are to achieve a key portion of the SDGs.
The various source of funding , its disbursement trend, sectoral use for economic development, impediments for effective uses, shifting from MDGs to SDGs, Pillars of Sustainable Development, Blending of Financing, PPP in development are the key area discussed in this essay.
OECD presentation on financing for sustainable development in the COVID-19 era and beyond. Filling the SDG financing gap and aligning resources in support of sustainable and inclusive development.
This document aims at raising awareness of college students who receive their first introductory training course on international development. At the end of this course, the students will understand the need for synergies between the public and private sectors in order to increase available fund to fulfill the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is of the utmost importance that the international community mobilizes itself towards the fulfillment of the SDGs within the next 15 years. The self-explanatory figure explains the process of financing for development while the short text brings an overall explanation.
This is an update of the 2012 presentation at https://www.slideshare.net/WorldResources/emerging-actors-in-development-finance-a-closer-look-at-chinas-overseas-investment
When it comes to overseas development finance, China is definitely a country to watch. Due to the country’s unprecedented economic growth, China’s overseas investments have increased exponentially in recent years. Between 2009 and 2010, two Chinese state-owned banks lent more money to other developing nations than the World Bank did. In fact, between 2002 and 2011, China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) stock grew from $29 billion to more than $424 billion.
But what factors are driving all of this growth? What areas of the world are on the receiving end of China’s OFDI flows? And what sorts of social and environmental standards are in place for banks’ and enterprises’ investments? WRI answers these questions and many more in its recently updated powerpoint presentation "Chinese Development Finance: A Closer Look at Chinese Sustainable Finance."
Standard Chartered Opportunity 2030 - SDG Investment MapJohn Smith
Executive summary - The USD10 trillion investment opportunity
The private sector has a critical role to play in meeting the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) over the next decade. Not only is it expected that private investors will contribute their share, there is a clear business case for doing so as, increasingly, investors build environmental, social and governance risk into their decision-making and seek to act in the interests of a broader range of stakeholders.
Financing for Development - Financing MSMEs for Economic Growth and DevelopmentR. M
A digital artifact aimed at proposing a financing solution to the credit issue faced by MSMEs in Nigeria. The target of this presentation is a cross section of public sector agents who can engage the development community to seek solutions to the aforementioned issue. The presentation proposes two major solutions; technical assistance to make Nigeria's business environment conducive to businesses, and a financing solution that allows for flow of much needed credit to the MSME sector through the creation of a national development bank. The importance of funding MSMEs cannot be overstated; they are drivers of not only economic growth but serve service other development agendas such as poverty eradication, reduction in wealth imbalances, employment generation etc. Consequently, it is imperative to provide support to MSMEs, especially in developing countries where they lack access to finance, if we are to achieve a key portion of the SDGs.
Public Sector finance as a catalyst for Private Investment for DevelopmentPhilip Ansong
This is an informative digital artifact aimed at enlightening people new to the development financing agenda and people with interest in acquiring knowledge on how development projects are financed and given direction. Here we look at how domestic and international Public Sector finance can be used as a catalyst to crowd in private financial flows for Private Investment for Development. we look at how risk/return considerations of private finance can achieve a social impact if leveraged properly by public sector finance measures.
national financing strategy for Namibia, to access additional sources of finance for its development towards the sustainability development goals (SDGs). a logical thought process, moving from high-level opportunities to access sources of finance to a concrete strategy for achieving it.
Financing for development binay jaiswal- final projectJai Vinay
Financing for Development - Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – With Reference to India
Content:
What Is Financing for Development?
Millennium Development Goals
Sustainable Development Goals
Ways to achieve SDGs
Reference to India
Sources- UNDP, Economic Times, Business Standard.
The author presents the finance needs of Nigeria for development. He also went further to show main source of finance that are sustainable in the long-term and the mode of accessing them.
In identifying the difficulties that exists when raising finance, he proposes measures through which the government can eliminate barriers to raising finance.
This document is elaborated as part of an assignment included in online course “Financing For Development” led by World Bank Group on Coursera Platform.
•Target audience: General Public in my country of origin. It is an informative document..
The main objectives of this artifact are the following:
• Inform general public about the highlights of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in a concise and clear way.
• Raise awareness and spread ideas, as many of the problems and issues explored during the course are known within specific community but may not be well understood by the general public.
• Make general public conscious of the challenges foreseen and explore some of the action lines opened to reach the Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs).
The project is aimed to present to the general public the Sustainable Development Goals and to highlight that delivering of SDGs should be the common vision for the future for all the mankind
Achieving the 2030 Agenda is critical. The recent Community Paper by the World Economic Forum focuses on the practical challenges countries are facing and makes recommendation on developing sustainable project pipelines which are commercially viable and can secure blended finance applications.
This policy brief covers a discussion on finance for sustainable development held during a full day conference at the Stockholm School of Economics on May 11, 2015. The event was organized jointly by the Stockholm Institute of Transition Economics (SITE) and the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, and was the fifth installment of Development Day – a yearly development policy conference. With the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) expiring in 2015, the members of the United Nations are now in the process of defining a post-2015 development agenda. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build on the eight anti-poverty targets in the MDG but also include a renewed emphasis on environmental and social sustainability. Whatever targets or goals will be agreed upon in the end, we know for certain that reaching the objectives will require substantial financial resources, far beyond the current levels of official development assistance (ODA). To discuss this issue, the conference brought together a distinguished and experienced group of policy-oriented scholars and practitioners from government agencies, international organizations, civil society and the business community.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
how can I sell my pi coins for cash in a pi APPDOT TECH
You can't sell your pi coins in the pi network app. because it is not listed yet on any exchange.
The only way you can sell is by trading your pi coins with an investor (a person looking forward to hold massive amounts of pi coins before mainnet launch) .
You don't need to meet the investor directly all the trades are done with a pi vendor/merchant (a person that buys the pi coins from miners and resell it to investors)
I Will leave The telegram contact of my personal pi vendor, if you are finding a legitimate one.
@Pi_vendor_247
#pi network
#pi coins
#money
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how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
3. An Emerging Vision for Post-2015:
Transformative Shifts
• Leave No One Behind
• Put Sustainable Development at the Core
• Transform Economies for Jobs and Inclusive Growth
• Build Peace and Effective, Open and Accountable Public
Institutions
• Forge a New Global Partnership
3
4. End Poverty
Empower Girls and Women and Achieve Gender
Equality
Provide Quality Education and Lifelong Learning
Ensure Healthy Lives
Ensure Food Security and Good Nutrition
Achieve Universal Access to Water and Sanitation
Emerging Vision: 12 Goals
5. Secure Sustainable Energy
Create Jobs, Sustainable Livelihoods, and
Equitable Growth
Manage Natural Resource Assets Sustainably
Ensure Good Governance and Effective Institutions
Ensure Stable and Peaceful Societies
Create a Global Enabling Environment and Catalyze Long-
Term Finance
Emerging Vision: 12 Goals
6. Lessons from the existing MDGs framework
• The original MDGs were articulated independently of a
financing framework (Monterrey 2002).
• In a context of fiscal consolidation, discussion of post-2015 goals
must be integrated with consideration of supporting financing.
• No quantity of financing, whether grant, concessional, or non-
concessional, can achieve the development goals without
supporting policies and a credible commitment to combating
poverty.
• Costing MDGs requires too many assumptions (WDR 2004),
and is not the objective of this exercise.
6
7. A two-pronged approach to supporting a
post-2015 development framework
Increase impact of available resources
Leverage additional resources
Good policies and credible institutions enhance the impact of
available resources and leverage additional resources from
both domestic and foreign sources.
Good policies and credible institutions to:
7
8. Parameters to consider in the post-2015
financing framework
What can developing
countries do?
What can the international
community do?
• Design targeted, evidence-
based policies and support
sound institutions
• Generate more revenues
• Ensure efficient public
spending
• Promote financial deepening
and inclusion
• Maximize the impact of ODA
• Support new development
partners
• Leverage the private sector
• Tap into new sources of finance
• Deliver global public goods
8
9. Generate more revenues
Taxation capacity improving in MICs, progress needed in LICs
21.2
28.4 28.4 29.3
18.8
17.1
19 19.3
11.3
10 10.5
13.6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1994 1998 2003 2009
High Income Middle Income Low Income
Tax Revenue (in % of GDP) by Income Groups, 1994-2009
Source: World Development Indicators
10. Ensure efficient public spending
Fossil fuel subsidies do not target the poor
Source: World Energy Outlook, IEA, 2011
Subsidies are an inefficient means of assisting the poor: only 8% of the $409 billion spent on
fossil-fuel subsidies in 2010 went to the poorest 20% of the population.
Fossil fuel consumption subsidies measure what developing countries spend to provide below-
cost fuel to their citizens. High-income countries offer support to energy production in the form of
tax credits or loan guarantees, which are not included in these calculations since they are
directed towards production rather than consumption of the fuel.
10
11. Financial sector development for growth
A thriving private sector creates opportunities for entrepreneurship and job creation
How do financial
institutions contribute to
economic growth?
Lower the cost of
financial and nonfinancial
transactions
Facilitate efforts to
reduce and trade risks
11
12. Financial Inclusion
Access to finance is a major constraint to growth for entrepreneurs in LICs
21
9 3 10
#Total MSMEs (formal
andinformal)
#with Checking account #with Loan/Overdraft #Unserved+
Underserved
52
25
13
27
# Total MSMEs (formal
and informal)
# with Checking account # with Loan/Overdraft # Unserved +
Underserved
20 12 6 10
#Total MSMEs (formal
andinformal)
#with Checking account #with Loan/Overdraft #Unserved+
Underserved
188
62
23
92
# Total MSMEs (formal
and informal)
# with Checking account # with Loan/Overdraft # Unserved +
Underserved
78
34
11
36
#Total MSMEs (formal
andinformal)
#with Checking account #with Loan/Overdraft #Unserved+
Underserved
40
18
4
22
# Total MSMEs (formal
andinformal)
# with Checking account # with Loan/Overdraft # Unserved+
Underserved
LAC
MNA
ECA EAP
SAR
AFR
# of MSMEs (in Mn)
# Total MSMEs
(formal and
informal)
# with Checking
account
# with
Loan/Overdraft
# Unserved +
Underserved
Source: Two trillion and counting, IFC & McKinsey, 2010
13. Source: MDG Gap Taskforce Report, 2012 and OECD
IDS 2012
Maximize the impact of ODA
Total net ODA, already short of Monterrey targets, has declined by 4% in 2012
13
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20
United States
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Japan
Netherlands
Sweden
Canada
Australia
Norway
DAC Members' Official Development Assistance as a percentage of GNI,
2000-2012
2000-2001
2007
2009
2011
2012
UN Target:
0.7% of GNI
14. Collaborate with new development partners
Emerging donors, led by China, provide relatively limited aid as defined by the OECD, but
contribute to development through other external flows and in-kind assistance
Source: World Bank CFP Working Paper No. 8, Finance for Development
14
For the purpose of comparison, in 2009, net ODA from DAC members was 119.8 bn USD.
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Estimated aid from BRICS, 2003-2009 (USD billion)
China India Russia Brazil South Africa
15. International flows to developing countries
International capital flows to developing countries dominated by foreign direct investment
Total capital inflows in 2012: USD 1,007 billion
15
Remittances, which are not part of capital inflows but are an important source of foreign currency for developing countries,
were an estimated USD 399 bn in 2012.
Inflows refer to flows from non-residents to developing countries. FDI inflows are net of disinvestments by non-residents.
Debt inflows are debt disbursements net of repayments. Official flows include bilateral and multilateral lending and are not
equivalent to ODA. Data on official capital inflows are “debt enhancing official assistance” and, thus, not the same as ODA,
which is concessional in character with a grant element.
Source: Long-term financing for
growth and development. G20
Umbrella Paper, Feb. 2013 and
Global Economic Prospects 2013,
World Bank.
FDI inflows, 600.1,
60%
Portfolio equity
inflows, 44.4, 4%
Bonds, 143.3,
14%
Banks, 71.5, 7%
Short-term debt
flows, 126.7, 13%
Other private, 7.1,
1%
Official (World Bank,
IMF, and other), 14.1,
1%
16. ODA and remittances are especially
critical for fragile states
16
Foreign
direct
investment
505.7, 40%
Portfolio
investment
128.4, 10%
Long-term
debt (private)
155.8, 12%
ODA grants
89, 7%
Long-term
debt
(official)
69.2, 5%
Worker
remittances
319, 25%
Net financial flows to developing
countries, 2010
Total: USD 1,267 billion
Foreign direct
investment
27.59, 22%
ODA
50.04,
40%
Worker
remittances
47.38, 38%
Gross financial flows to fragile states,
2010
Total: USD 125 billion
Source: World Bank CFP Working
Paper No. 8, Finance for Development
Source: Fragile States 2013, OECD
NB: Based on OECD definition of fragile states
17. The official sector has a particularly important
role to play in LICs and fragile states
17
0.9
6.4
7.8
Net official capital flows and transfers, 2012 (% of GDP)
Emerging market countries Low-income countries Fragile states
Source: Global Monitoring Report 2013, World Bank
The classification of countries is the one used in the IMF‘s World Economic Outlook. Emerging market and developing countries are those countries that
are not designated as advanced countries. Countries that are eligible for financial assistance under the IMF‘s Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust
constitute a subset of emerging market and developing countries; these countries are denoted low-income countries although eligibility is based on other
considerations in addition to income levels. Emerging market and developing countries that are not eligible for financial assistance under the Poverty
Reduction and Growth Trust are designated as emerging market countries. Fragile states are countries included in the World Bank‘s list of Fragile and
Conflict-Affected States as of early 2013.
18. Leverage the private sector: partnerships
Well-structured initiatives with a diverse range of partners help governments raise the large
sums of capital required to meet infrastructure needs and consequently spur development
18
Maharashtra & Tamil Nadu, India
CLIFF COMMUNITY SANITATION PROJECT
Total initial investment: $7.2 million
- Homeless International
- SPARC (NGO in India)
- Community-based Organizations
Kenya
PRIVATE SECTOR POWER GENERATION
PROJECT
Total initial investment: $623 million
- Kenya Power and Lighting Company
- IFC
- MIGA
- Commercial Banks
Sao Paulo, Brazil
METRO LINE 4
Total initial investment: $450 million
- Companhia do Metropolitano de Sao Paolo
- 5 Equity Sponsors
- IDB
- Commercial Banks
Lake Kivu, Rwanda
KIVU WATT
Total initial investment: $142.25 million
- ContourGlobal
- Energy Authority of Rwanda
- MIGA
- Emerging Africa Infrastructure Fund
- FMO
- AfDB
- Belgian Development Bank
Source: Emerging Partnerships, IFC, 2013 and World Bank, Africa Region.
Emerging
Partnerships
19. 4%
29%
25%
13%
22%
41%
6%
14%
23%
8%
21%
24%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
1 to 5 years 5 to 10 years 10+ years
Percent of international syndications to the private sector in developing countries
where an IFI participated, by income level and maturity, 2007-2010
Lower Lower middle Upper middle BRICT
Leverage the private sector: syndications
IFI participation in syndications contributes to extending maturities of private flows to
developing countries and therefore financing long-term productive investments
Source: International Finance Institutions and Development through the Private Sector, IFC, 2011
19
20. Key Messages
• Promote targeted policies and support accountable, efficient institutions
• Mobilize domestic resources for development through:
▫ Broader tax coverage
▫ Increased taxation capacity
▫ Greater accountability
▫ Efficient public spending
▫ Natural resource revenue
▫ Deeper domestic financial sector
▫ A more vibrant private sector
• The international community must use ODA and other resources to:
▫ Leverage more private resources
▫ Deliver global public goods
▫ Draw on emerging and innovative sources of finance
• Financial instruments have different properties and comparative advantages. Selecting
the right combination of instruments to meet a given goal, in a given country context,
might be one of the most important tasks ahead to enable full implementation of the next
development framework post-2015.
20
The illustrative goals are meant to stimulate debate. We believe they reflect the right balance of priorities. We will continue to work with the OWG and other constituents on specification of targets to ensure these reflect our most current knowledge and best possible measurement.
The proposition of the HLP to deem targets achieved only if they are met by all relevant income and social groups helps to ensure a measure of inclusiveness that is missed by looking at progress based on averages alone.