Atatürk is the leader of Turkey who founded the Turkish Republic in 1923 and was its first president. He was a general who established secular doctrines that Turkish people still follow today. Some of Turkey's most important historical and natural sites mentioned include Cappadocia's unique fairy chimneys, Ephesus which was home to one of the Seven Wonders, and Pamukkale's unique travertine terraces formed from hot springs. The document provides brief descriptions of several other notable Turkish locations, individuals, and structures.