Tuberculosis is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. It remains a serious global health issue, infecting around a quarter of the world's population and causing millions of deaths every year, especially in India. The bacteria has a thick lipid cell wall, grows slowly, and can remain dormant in the body for decades. Symptoms include cough, appetite loss, breathing difficulty, fever, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves tuberculin skin tests, interferon-gamma release assays, and sputum cultures. Treatment consists of a multi-drug regimen including isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol over several months.

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Tuberculosis
By
Gandholi Neeraj Kalyan
B.Sc Biosciences

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Outline
• What is tuberculosis?
• Why tuberculosis should be eradicated?
• Characteristics of M.tuberculosis
• Symptoms of tuberculosis
• Diagnosis of the disease
• Treatment

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What is Tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria called
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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Why TB should be eradicated?
• The WHO estimates that 1/3 of the planet's population harbor
this bacterium, yet only 2-23% will develop disease during
their lifespan
• Every year more than 10.6 million people worldwide
fall ill
Around 1.7 million die from tuberculosis every year
a quarter of the world has latent TB, which will
develop into active tuberculosis for one in ten victims
years or even decades later

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• An estimated 279,000 patients were diagnosed with
tuberculosis (TB) in India and 423,000 died of the
highly contagious lung disease in 2016.
• An estimated 147,000 patients in India have MDR-
TB.
• India Tops List of Tuberculosis Fatalities in 2016

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Characteristics of M.tuberculosis
► Slightly curved, rod shaped
bacilli
► THICK LIPID CELL WALL
► Multiplies slowly (every 18 - 24
hrs)
► CAN REMAIN DORMANT
FOR DECADES
► Aerobic
► Non-motile

7. Transmission 7

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Symptoms
Cough Loss of appetite
Difficulty in breathing
Cold Fever Chest pain

9. Diagnosis 9
• (Mantoux) Tuberculin skin test (TST)
• Interferon-gamma release assay
(IGRA)
• Sputum cultures

10. Treatment
► Isoniazid (INH)
► Rifampin (RIF)
► Pyrazinamide (PZA)
► Ethambutol (EMB)
Two new drugs have been licensed: bedaquiline and
delamanid
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Vaccine: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine

11. THANK YOU
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