This document analyzes tri-generation systems using solid sorption heat pumps and refrigerators as an alternative to traditional small power plants. It discusses two approaches for tri-generation cycles using active carbon fiber saturated with salts or metal hydrides. The solid sorption machines could provide both heating and cooling outputs simultaneously with a high coefficient of performance due to the high heat of chemical reactions and physical adsorption in the sorbent bed. They demonstrate the potential to be effective thermal devices with a specific power of 500-550 W/kg of sorbent material.

1. TRI- GENERATION – ALTERNATIVE TO TRADITIONAL SMALL
POWER PLANTS
Leonard L. Vasiliev, L.E. Kanonchik, A.G. Kulakov, A.A. Antukh
Luikov Heat & Mass Transfer Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, P. Brovka,
15, 220072, Minsk, Belarus
Summary The goal of this presentation is an analysis of a basic possibility to
improve sorption cycles for tri-generation using physical adsorption (active carbon
fibre, or fabric “Busofit”) and chemical reactions of salts (NiCl2, MnCl2, BaCl2) –
“Microcrystals on the active carbon fibre”. The first cycle approach suggested for tri-
generation is a combination of monovariant (salts) and polivariant (active carbon
fibre) equilibrium with ammonia. The second approach is the combination of the
active carbon fibre and microcrystals of metal hydrides on its surface. We summarize
the high heat of chemical reaction and sensible heat of physical adsorption to provide
high storage capacity of a sorbent bed, thus increase the coefficient of performance
(COP). The solid sorption machines demonstrate its possibility to be served as very
effective thermal devices with specific power of 500-550 W/kg of the sorbent
material
1. INTRODUCTION
Tri-generation system based on the sorbtion heat pumps application is a good challenge to
traditional Heat and Power systems. Solid sorption heat pumps and refrigerators is the vacant
technology for tri- and cogeneration [1]. Actual sorption technologies (liquid and solid sorption
cycles) have different advantages and drawbacks with regard to their compactness, complexity,
cost, the range of working temperature [2]. The solid sorption technology advantages at first are
related to the nature friendly refrigerants such as water, ammonia, CO2 (no CFC, HCFC, HFC)
and at second they are thermally driven and can be coupled with a low temperature waste heat,
solar heat, burning fossil fuel, or biomass. The low temperature heat sources are – the ground
water, rocks, rivers, lakes. The optimisation of the sorption technologies is related with multi
cascading cycles. The vibration free operation and the large number of solid-gas alternatives
make it possible to provide cooling and heating output in the temperature range of 243-573 K.
Recently a micro technology in solid sorption coolers is becoming available mostly for the
electronic components cooling, fuel cells thermal control, heating/cooling vehicles, buildings
and other applications. Mini sorbent bed canisters as compressors with mini heat exchangers
(miniature heat pipes) are considered to be interesting options for such a case.
The results of first application of an active carbon fibre “Busofit” as sorbent material for
solid sorption machines with acetone and ethanol as working fluids were published in 1992 [3].
An idea to combine the effect of chemical reactions of metal salts and physical adsorption of the
active carbon fibre was published in 1994 [4] and new opportunities in varying of the sorbent
properties were opened. Now it became clear that the modification of common adsorbents by
salts can be a tool for modifying sorption properties [5]. The second objective of this work is to
analyze hydrogen storage in several porous carbon-based materials with different porous
structures to propose perspective activated carbons (carbon fibers) and metal hydrides
62

2. compositions for high performance hydrogen storage system. Another interrelated work
objective is development of thermally regulated adsorption storage system for dual-fuel
(hydrogen and natural gas) accumulation. Solid sorption coolers and heaters as a main part of
tri-generation are considered as an alternative to vapour compression systems in space cooling,
industry and the building sector to satisfy the heating and cooling demand without increasing
the electricity consumption. Heat and mass transfer in sorbent bed of such heat machines is the
main aspect, which determines overall performance and reliability in design of non-electric
coolers and heaters [6]. A proper understanding of heat transfer and the temperature
distribution, sorption capacity of components helps to determine material selection and parts
geometry [7]. Solid sorption machines for tri-generation ensure the cold and heat output
(heating and cooling) simultaneously.
2. MODELS
2.1. Modelling and computation of two phase flows
The main component of the lab-scale heat pump is the innovative sorbent bed canister
with enhanced heat transfer properties. It consists of finned heat pipe heat exchanger with its
external surface covered with the layer of the complex compound - an active carbon fibre
“Busofit”. “Busofit” is saturated with salts. The complex compound is disposed between fins on
the heat pipe outer surface. This sorbent bed is located inside the thin wall stainless steel
canister. Such sorbent bed is considered as a new material, which has to possess thermodynamic
properties that would provide a higher COP and specific energy per cycle, than the common
materials. It has good dynamic properties with respect to heat and mass transfer for getting a
high specific power of the unit operation. The most important particularity of the active carbon
fibre “Busofit” is its ability to be used as a fast and efficient heat and mass exchanger with the
forced convection (filtration) of the reacting gas through the bed. These general criteria have to
be formulated for each particular adsorption technology, such as chilling, deep freezing, heat
pumping, tri-generation, etc. Thus, they should have optimal properties in a particular range of
temperature and adsorbate pressure.
Fig. 1. Activated carbon fibre (3) with
microcrystals on its surface (2) and
ammonia/hydrogen molecules (1)
adsorbed in micropores
2. Photo of the active carbon filament “Busofit-
M8”, with a set of micropores on its surface,
multiplied by 50 000
In our experiments some samples of activated carbon “Busofit” obtained by the new
technology were investigated. Fig.1 shows us the general idea of gas sorption phenomena on
the active carbon filament and microcrystals attached to its surface. This is a typical
63

3. microporous adsorbent with pore diameter near 1–2 nm and at the same time as material with
high gas permeability. The micropore distribution is performed mostly on the carbon filament
surface. Modified “Busofit” has such advantages as high rate of adsorption and desorption;
uniform surface pore distribution (0.6–1.6 nm); small number of macropores (100–200 nm)
with its specific surface area 0.5 m2
/g; small number of mesopores with its specific surface area
50 m2
/g (Table 1). The surface area of the commercially available active carbon fibre “Busofit”
was measured with “Micromeritics AccuSorb 2100” and BET Sorbtometer NOVA and varied
from 1140 m2
/g up to 1570 m2
/g.
Table 1. Textural characteristics and hydrogen-sorption capacities at 77 K and 0.1 MPa of
different active carbon materials
No Sorbent av,
ml/g
a,
wt%
SH,
m2
/g
SBET,
m2
/g
SDR,
m2
/g
VDR,
ml/g
RDR,
Ǻ
1 Busofit
191-5 199.9 1.76 462 1691 2496 0.887 49.9
2 Busofit-М2 203.9 1.79 465 1702 2507 0.89 41.5
3 Busofit-М4 225.1 1.98 536 1715 2547 0.9 42
4 Busofit-М8 252.9 2.23 571 1939 2985 1.04 51
5 WAC 97-03 115 1.01 271 715 1050 0.37 33.4
6 WAC 19-99 172.1 1.51 393 1005 1486 0.53 41.7
7 WAC 3-00 221.1 1.95 575 1383 2142 0.74 50
8 207С 209.2 1.84 502 1300 1944 0.69 41
9 Norit
sorbonorit-3
193.8 1.71 458 1361 2044 0.73 50
10 Sutclife 236.6 2.08 527 1925 2864 1.02 53.6
Note:; av – volume capacity of hydrogen storage using physisorption; a – capacity of hydrogen
storage using physisorption; SH – BET surface area determined on hydrogen; SBET – BET surface area
determined on nitrogen; SDR – surface area, determined on Dubinin – Radushkevich method; VDR–
micropore volume, determined on Dubinin – Radushkevich method; Vt – mesopore volume, determined on
t-method; RDR – size of pore, determined on Dubinin-Radushkevich method.
Typical porous surface of the advanced active carbon filament “Busofit” is shown on Fig.
2. Porous texture of different carbon materials was characterized using nitrogen (N2)
physisorption at 77 K and up to a pressure of 0.1 MPa. From the nitrogen physisorption data,
obtained with NOVA 1200, the BET-surface area, total pore volume, microporous volume and
t-volume were derived. The hydrogen sorption isotherms were measured at 77 K in the pressure
range 0–0.1 MPa.
The total volume V, associated with an active carbon adsorbent may be split up into its
components:
c v void
V V V V Vµ
= + + + (1)
where Vc – the volume of the carbon atoms of which the adsorbent is composed; Vµ –
micropores volume; Vv – meso- and macropores volume; Vvoid – the space inside the vessel free
from adsorbent bed. This latter Vvoid can be eliminated by making the solid block of adsorbent.
To ensure the fast kinetics, efficient heat and mass transfer of the gas-solid reaction in the
sorbent bed, it needs to have a good porosity and high thermal conductivity of porous media.
All samples are highly micro-and mesoporous carbon materials. In our experiments four
64

4. samples of carbon “Busofit-AYTM” and three samples of wood-based activated carbon
obtained by new technology were investigated. The activated carbon 207C is made in the Great
Britain from coconut shell. Samples 9 and 10 – granular activated carbons, specially developed
for effective storage of gas. According to the offered technology some samples from “Busofit–
AYTM” have been prepared by selective thermal processing at high temperature 850 °C. In this
way some of the carbon atoms are removed by gasification, which yields a very porous
structure. Numerous pores, cracks were formed in the carbon material increasing a specific
surface area due to the growth of micropore volume. As follows from Table 1 the increase of
time of activation from two hours until eight hours in an atmosphere of carbonic gas promotes
increase to sorption capacity almost in 1.5 times (samples 2 and 4). To increase the adsorbent
capacity and the bulk density of material active carbon fiber was compressed together with a
binder. Briquetted “Busofit” disks have a high effective thermal conductivity and a large
surface area. Wood-based carbons were produced by controlled pyrolysis of waste wood and
special activation.
“Busofit”, as a fast sorbent material starts to react with ammonia, of hydrogen in the early
stage of heating/cooling time (up to 5 min) and accomplishes its action after the chemical
reaction of the salt is finished. Therefore, the pressure change in the reactor is also fast and
starts before the salts are beginning to react with gas. “Busofit” as a capillary-porous host
material (binder) stimulates the distribution of micro crystals through the whole volume of a
sorbent bed during the time of regeneration (capillary condensation, liquid motion through the
sorbent bed due to capillary forces action). “Busofit” has all advantages of the nano-tubes
technology. This active carbon fibre is a universal adsorbent, which is efficient to adsorb
different gases (H2, N2, O2, CH4, NH3, etc.). The monolithic sorbent disc has such features as:
• high rate of adsorption and desorption;
• uniform surface pore distribution (0.6-1.6 nm);
• small number of macropores (100-200 nm), with its specific surface 0.5-2 m2
/g;
• small number of mesopores with 50 m2
/g specific surface.
The ideal sorbent bed needs to have micropores volume near 50 %, solid carbon near 40 %
and meso/macropores volume near 10 %.
3. HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN THE SORBENT BED
Complex compound (“Busofit” + metal hydride) can be used as a compact sandwich with
cylindrical or flat heat pipes, applied as thermal control system. The mathematical model of
heat transfer and gas sorption processes in the reactor is based on the following assumptions:
1) the gas in the cylinder is ideal; 2) the temperature of the solid phase is equal to the
temperature of the gas phase at each point, because of the high coefficient of the volumetric
heat transfer between them; 3) heating and cooling of the sorbent is carried out by heat pipe
(HP) with inner heat transfer coefficient 3 4
HP 10 10
α = − W/ (m2
K). This coefficient is uniform
along the surface and large in comparison with the thermal resistance of interface HP-sorbent
bed.
The dynamic model of the sorbent bed, has the components:
1) Dubinin – Radushkevich equation of the state of gas
( )
2
sat
0
eq
a
R Tln P / P
W
a exp
v E
µ
⎧ ⎫
⎡ ⎤
⎪ ⎪
= −
⎨ ⎬
⎢ ⎥
⎣ ⎦
⎪ ⎪
⎩ ⎭
, 2
sat cr cr
P P (T /T )
= ; (2)
65

5. 2) the equation of sorption kinetic
( )
s0 eq
a E
= K exp a a
R T
µ
⎛ ⎞
∂
− −
⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎟
∂τ ⎝ ⎠
, (3)
where 2
s0 s0 p s0
K 15D / R ,D
= - phenomenological constant, p
R – the average radius of particle;
3) energy conservation equation
( )
g g a g g st g
T a P
( C C aC ) T C T = q T
∂ ∂ ∂
ερ +ρ +ρ + ∇⋅ −λ∇ +ρ ρ −β ε
∂τ ∂τ ∂τ
u , (4)
where the isosteric heat of sorption is
st
a const
ln P
q R T
lnT
µ
=
⎡ ⎤
∂
= ⎢ ⎥
∂
⎣ ⎦
; (5)
4) mass balance
( ) ( ) ( )
g
g
( )
D a = a
∂ ερ ∂
+ ∇ ρ + ∇ − ∇ − ρ
∂τ ∂τ
u ; (6)
5) momentum balance
( )
( )
T
g P
K
∂ η ⎡ ⎤
ρ + ∇ − + η ∇ + ∇
⎣ ⎦
∂τ
u
u = I u u . (7)
To solve the set of equations (2 – 7) the method of finite elements for fixed mesh was
used. Convergence precision was equal to 10-6
. The suggested model gives us a possibility to
obtain the temperature field and gas concentrations during the charge-discharge procedure of
the vessel.
The efficient system to perform a sorbent bed thermal control during its
sorption/desorption is heat pipe heat exchanger, Fig. 3, Fig. 4.
Fig. 3. The flat sectional vessel for hydrogen sorption storage: 1 – vessel case, 2 – heat pipe,
3 – sorbent, 4 – channel for gas removal, 5 – longitudinal fins/partitions
Heat pipes can easily be implemented inside sorption storage vessels due to its flexibility,
high heat transfer efficiency, cost-effectiveness, reliability, long operating life, and simple
manufacturing technology. Figure 3 shows the sectional vessel with heat pipes for hydrogen
sorption storage at average pressure 3.5–6 MPa. Suggested design provides a hydrogen-supply
66

6. of 145 nm3
/m3
at average pressure 6 MPa and temperature 195 K, admitting cheap thermal
isolation of the vessel case made of foamed polyurethane. The best parameters of 240 nm3
/m3
correspond to liquid nitrogen temperature demanding heavy expenses for cylinder cooling and
maintenance at a cryogenic level. The reduction of volume storage density down to 102 nm3
/m3
is observed at 273 K.
Two adsorbers hydrogen sorption heat pump, Fig. 4 with solar heating source can be
easily inplemented into the air-condifioning system for transport and ensure the heat and cold
generation.
Fig. 4. Two hydrogen storage vessels with the heat pipe thermal control: 1 – metal hydride
sorbent bed; 2 – regulated valves; 3 – fluid lines; 4 – vapor lines; 5 – heat pipe evaporator;
6 – heat input
4. HEAT PUMP WITH THREE ADSORBERS + CONDENSER/EVAPORATOR,
TRI-GENERATION APPROACH
Three adsorbers heat pump for tri-generation has the condenser/evaporator, Fig. 5. The
system includes a high temperature sorbent bed (HTS), medium temperature sorbent bed (MTS)
and low temperature sorbent bed (LTS). Medium pressure steam (MP), hot water and cooling
water on the heat pump output is available. Continuous operation of the heat pump is possible
when two batch units are foreseen operating in an alternating way.The ammonia vapour
pressure is determined as a function of temperature for three different salts and active carbon
fibre “Busofit”. In this analysis for simplicity we neglect the influence of active carbon fibres
on the ammonia adsorption and desorption.
The selected salts are combinations of BaCl2/NH3 (LTS), MnCl2/NH3 (MTS) and
NiCl2/NH3 (HTS). The operation of the cooler is based on the following reactions:
BaCl2/NH3 · 8NH3 + Qwaste ↔ BaCl2 + 8NH3 ΔH = +36.76 kJ/mol NH3, (8)
MnCl2/NH3 + 4NH3 ↔ Mn (NH3)6 Cl2 ΔH = - 47.416 kJ/mol NH3 (9)
NiCl2 · 2 NH3 + 4 NH3 ↔ NiCl2 · 6 NH3 + Q MP-steam ΔH = - 55.03 kJ/mol NH3 (10)
The condenser/evaporator is performed as a stainless steel container L=370 mm and D=50
mm.The inner walls of container are covered with the capillary-porous layer to enhance heat
transfer with evaporation.
. This heat pump enables the constant rate of the heating/cooling
procedure, two branches of the system are working out of phase and two sources of cold are
available (BaCl2 adsorber and evaporator). This heat pump is focused on the small-scale
combined cold, heat and power (tri-generation) system application, which utilises the engine
waste heat for cold production.
The energy supply to the BaCl2 adsorber was ensured by the hot (90 °C) water flow (at the
output of the MnCl2, NiCl2 reactors) during the time of its cooling (wasted heat recovery). So
67

7. Fig. 5. Three adsorbers heat pump with condenser/evaporator
there is a heat recovery procedure available to apply the wasted heat from MnCl2, NiCl2
reactors output to heat the low temperature adsorber BaCl2 during the time of ammonia
desorption.. This mode of cold generation is more efficient, because the heat and mass recovery
of the high temperature adsorbers is used to preheat the low temperature adsorber. The
Clapeyron diagram analysis, Fig. 6 of the heat pump shows the possibility to have two sources
of cold generation (the low temperature adsorber and the evaporator/condenser) and apply the
cold and heat production in the air-conditioning systems.
Fig. 6. Clapeyron diagram for heat pump with heat recovery for two sources of cold:
(BaCl2
, MnCl2, NiCl2 + “Busofit”) and the condenser/evaporator
In the experimental set-up the volume for liquid ammonia in the evaporator exceeds the volume
of ammonia adsorbed by three sorbent bed in adsorbers. It is convenient to get the cold from a
high temperature source of energy such as the exhaust gas of engine (450-500 0
C). We use the
68

8. cooling system of the high temperature adsorbers MnCl2, NiCl2 to heat the low temperature
adsorber BaCl2 and desorb the ammonia inside the sorbent bed.
In the experiments the total energy supply for two high temperature adsorbers MnCl2,
NiCl2 was simulated by the electric heaters (instead of the exhaust gas) put on the heat pipes and
was equal to about 1400 kJ per cycle. The energy supply to the BaCl2 adsorber was ensured by
the hot (90 °C) water flow (at the output of the MnCl2 and NiCl2 heat pipe heat exchangers)
during the time of its cooling (wasted heat).
The cycle is devided into four stages:
1. At the first stage (time τ1) MnCl2 and NiCl2 adsorbers are heated by the exhaust gas
(electric heater) with further desorption of NH3. The superheated vapor is condensing in the
condenser/evaporator. The valve is opened, Fig. 5 – Fig. 6, (Stage 1).
0 50 100 150 200
0
20
40
60
80
100
Stage 4
Stage 3
Stage 2
Stage 1
t,
[
o
C]
τ [min]
1
2
0 50 100 150 200
-200
0
200
400
Stage 4
Stage 3
Stage 2
Stage 1
Q
[W]
τ [min]
1
2
Fig. 7. Temperature evolution of the water
flow on the exit of water heat exchanger (1)
and low temperature adsorber (2)
Fig. 8. Heat and cold generation in the
evaporator/condenser (1) and low temperature
adsorber (2)
2. At the second stage (time τ2) MnCl2 and NiCl2 adsorbers are cooled by the water
circuit. The water flow on the output of adsorbers with temperature equal 90 – 95 °C enters the
low temperature BaCl2 adsorber and heats the sorbent bed through the heat pipe heat exchanger.
This procedure is accompaining with ammonia desorption. Ammonia vapor is condensing in the
evaporator/condenser.
3. At the third stage (time τ3) adsorbers (MnCl2, NiCl2) are cooled down to the ambient
temperature. More strong adsorbers MnCl2, NiCl2 suck the remaining part of ammonia from the
adsorber BaCl2. The desorption of the ammonia inside BaCl2 adsorber stimulate the cold
generation (resorption phenomena).
4. All three adsorbers now are connecting with the condenser/evaporator by the valves.
The final stage (time τ4) is responsible for the main cold generation in the evaporator. The
temperature evolution of the liquid flow at the exit of heat exchanger of the evaporator (solid
line 1) and BaCl2 adsorber (dashed line 2) is shown in Fig. 7.
An example of a typical charge-discharge power profile and heat input/output in the
evaporator/condenser (1) and the BaCl2 adsorber (2) via time of the cycle is presented on Fig. 8.
The max charging power of MnCl2, NiCl2 adsorbers is around 400 W each. Evaporation in the
range of 10 °C results in cooling power of 200 W. In this experimental set-up the pressure and
temperature sensors allow to check the dynamic of the pressure and temperature evolution of
the sorbent bed, ambient temperature, the temperature of the vapor output and the temperature
of the chilling water. The mass flow meters were used for the calculation of the degree of
69

9. Fig. 9. Heat pump, made in the Luikov Institute: Q = 4 kW, COP = 1.6
advance of chemical reactions and physical adsorption. The photo of the experimental set-up
with the evaporator and condenser for heating and cooling in tri-generation is shown on Fig. 9.
The Clapeyron diagram analyzis of the heat pump show the possibility to have two cold
generators (the low temperature adsorber and the evaporator/condenser) and apply the cold and
heat in the air-conditioning systems. The value for COPcooling is 0,62
5. CONCLUSIONS
1. The developed and tested experimental set-up (heat pump with ammonia) offers the
possibility of saving 15-20% of primary energy for cooling, heating and power demands.
2. Experiments with heat pump based on the coupling salts NiCl2, MnCl2, BaCl2 with an
active carbon fibre “Busofit” have demonstrated a possibility to have two different
independent sources of cold (low temperature adsorber and evaporator) with simultaneous
heat generation and chilled water production. COP of such heat pump is near 1,62.
3. The solid sorption heat pump is a good way to recover the wasted heat of the
engine/electric generator exhausted gas for cold and heat production in the air-conditioning.
NOMENCLATURE
a adsorption capacity, wt%,
av volume capacity of hydrogen storage using physisorption, ml/g,
C solid sorbent specific heat capacity, J/(kg·K),
Cg specific heat capacity of free gas, J/(kg·K),
Ca specific heat capacity of adsorbed gas, J/(kg·K),
D diffusivity, m2
/s,
E activation energy, J/kg,
K permeability, m2
,
M mass of the gas in the cylinder, kg,
P pressure, Pa, MPa,
qst latent (isosteric) heat of sorption, J/kg,
Rµ gas constant, J/(kg·K),
Rp mean radius of the particles, m,
T temperature, K, °C,
W0 maximum microporous specific volume, m3
/kg,
U velocity vector, m/sec,
νа specific volume of adsorbed medium, m3
/kg,
70

10. Greek symbols
α coefficient of heat transfer, W/(m2
·K),
β thermal coefficient of expansion, 1/K,
ε porosity determined as a part of the volume occupied by the free gas (not bound by
adsorption),
λ effective thermal conductivity of the sorbent layer, W/(m·K),
η dynamic viscosity, kg/(m s),
ρ density, kg/m3
,
τ time, s
Subscripts
cr critical state,
eq equilibrium conditions,
env environment,
g gas,
HP heat pipe,
0 initial value,
s sorbent,
T transposition
REFERENCES
[1] Antukh A. A., Filatova O. S., Kulakov A. G. , Vasiliev L. L.: Solid sorption coolers for tri-
generation, Int. J. Low Carbon Technologies, Vol. , (2006), N 3 pp. 262 – 272
[2] Spinner B., Changes in research and development objectives for closed solid-sorption
systems, Proceedings of the Int. ab-SORPTION HEAT PUMP CONFERENCE, Montreal,
Canada, September 17- 20, (1996), pp. 82– 96.
[3] Vasiliev L. L., Gulko N. V., Khaustov V. M.: Solid adsorption refrigerators with active
carbon – acetone and carbon – ethanol pairs, Solid sorption refrigeration Symposium,
Paris, (1992), 18-20 Novembe, pp. 92 – 99.
[4] Vasiliev L. L., Kanonchik L. E., Antukh A. A., Kulakov A. G., Rosin I.:Waste Heat
Driven Solid Sorption Coolers (1994), SAE Technical Paper 941580.
[5] Vasiliev L. L.,Mishkinis D. A., Antukh A. A., Kulakov A. G., Vasiliev L. L. Jr.:
Resorption heat pump, Appl. Therm. Eng., 24, (2004), pp. 1893 –1903.
[6] Wonggsuwan W,. Kumar S., Neveu P., Meunier F.: Review of chemical heat pump
technology and applications, Appl.Therm. Eng., 21 (2001), pp.1489 – 1519.
[7] Poelstra S., Haije W. G. and Dikstra J. W.: Technico – economical feasibility of high-
temperature high-lift chemical heat pumps for upgrading industrial waste heat.,
Appl.Therm. Eng., 22 (2002), pp. 1619 – 1630.
71

12. Organizers of the
Fifth Baltic Heat Transfer Conference
Saint–Petersburg State Polytechnical University
NPO CSKTI named after I.I. Polzunov
Russian Academy of Sciences
International Baltic Heat Transfer Committee
Science and Higher Education Committee,
Saint–Petersburg Government
Russian Scientific-Technical Society
of Energetics and Electrotechnics
International Scientific Committee of the
Fifth Baltic Heat Transfer Conference
Chairman — Prof. Bengt Sunden (Sweden)
Co-Chairman — Prof. Evgeny Fedorovich (Russia)
Members of the Scientific Committee:
Prof. E.Blums (Latvia)
Dr. I.S.Ertesvag (Norway)
Prof. R.Karvinen (Finland)
Dr. K.E.Meyer (Denmark)
Prof. J.Mikielevicz (Poland)
Prof. A.Ots (Estonia)
Prof. W.Roetzel (Germany)
Prof. S.Shinkunas (Lithuania)
Prof. L.Vasiliev (Belarus)

13. To participants of the Fifth Baltic Heat Transfer
Conference
On behalf of the Organizing Committee
of the Fifth Baltic Heat Transfer Conference I greet
all the participants. This conference is held in Russia
for the first time. We are very proud that it is held
in Saint–Petersburg — the northern capital
of Russia, the largest scientific, industrial and
cultural center. During all its history, our city
maintained and developed international scientific
relations including creative relations and friendship with countries
of Baltic region. These initiatives make possible to organize these
conferences every 4 years since 1991. Every time it attracts interest
of scientists, engineers and businessmen from many countries.
Subjects of the conferences cover all areas of one of the most
important branches of technical physics — the science of thermal
processes in the systems of generation and transformation of energy.
We hope that the Fifth Baltic Heat Transfer Conference that is held
on the base of our university will endow in consolidation
of international scientific community and industrialists who work
on the realization of the goal of providing the mankind
with moderate cost and ecologically safe energy.
I wish all the participants of the Fifth Baltic Heat Transfer
Conference successful work, interesting meetings and discussions, as
well as to have a nice time in our beautiful city.
Chairman of the Fifth Baltic Heat Transfer Conference,
RAS Corresponding Member,
Saint–Petersburg State Polytechnical University Rector
Professor M. Fedorov
2

14. Organizing Committee of the 5th
BHTC
M. Fedorov — SPbSPU Rector, Professor, Doctor of Technical
Sciences, RAS Corresponding Member
A. Rudskoy — SPbSPU First Vice-Rector, Professor, Doctor
of Technical Sciences
Yu. Petrenya — General Manager of the NPO CSKTI named after
I.I. Polzunov, Professor, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences
D. Arseniev — SPbSPU Vice-Rector for Foreign Relations,
Professor, Doctor of Technical Science
Yu. Vasiliev —RAS Academician, President of SPbSTU
E. Fedorovich — Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences
V. Ivanov — Dean of the Faculty of Physics and Mechanics,
Professor, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
G. Porshnev — Dean of the Faculty of Power Engineering,
Professor, Doctor of Technical Science
V. Korablev —Professor, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, SPbSPU, Head of the International Scientific Relations
Administration
V. Talalov — Head of the Department of Computer Modelling and
Experiment in Thermolphysics, SPbSPU
A. Kovalenko — Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences
B. Fokin — Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences
Yu. Karyakin — Professor, Chief of the Center of Technical
Diagnostics and Reliability of Thermal Plants and Nuclear Power
Plants
V. Antonov — Head of the Department of Higher Mathematics,
Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences
A. Snegirev — Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences
M. Gotovskiy — Doctor of Technical Sciences
3

15. Organizing Committee Workgroup
Vadim Vasilievich Korablev +7 (812) 297 20 88
Evgeny Danilovich Fedorovich +7 (921) 335 86 01
Alla Leonidovna Smirnova +7 (812) 297 20 88
Nelly Victorovna Aslanyan +7 (960) 267 88 72
Elena Sergeevna Skolis +7 (812) 294 42 76
Ekaterina Chirkova 7 (906) 251 98 32
Ekaterina Kalmykova +7 (911) 197 80 95
Elena Sajkova +7 (921) 306 36 30
Ekaterina Monahova +7 (962) 688 14 43
Mikhail Egorov +7 (911) 931 75 36
Vyatcheslav Ilyin +7 (921) 349 70 51
29, Politechnicheskaya str.
195251, Saint–Petersburg, Russian Federation
E-mail: alles@ums.stu.neva.ru
Tel/Fax: +7 (812) 297 20 88
The conference is held with support of the Russian
Foundation for the Basic Scientific Research, grant № 07-08-06036.
Organizing Committee invites you and your
colleagues to participate in the 5-th
Baltic Heat Transfer
Conference.
4

16. WORKING SCHEDULE
of the Fifth Baltic Heat Transfer Conference
Conference sessions will be held in halls of the Hotel «Sankt-
Peterburg» (Pirogovskaya emb. 5/2) on September 19th
and 20th
and
in the White Hall of SPbSPU on September 21st
. Official languages
of the Conference are English and Russian.
Conference Schedule
Data Time Place Event
ARRIVAL OF THE PARTICIPANTS
14:00 – 19:00
Foyer of the Conference Hall
of the Hotel
“Sankt-Peterburg”
Participants
registration
18 September
2007, Tuesday
20:00 – 22:00
Cafe «Nasha Polyana»
(building near the Hotel;
see the scheme on last
program page)
Participants
welcome
ARRIVAL OF THE PARTICIPANTS
8.30 – 10.00
Participants
registration
10:00 – 13:15
The Main Conference Hall
of the Hotel
“Sankt-Peterburg”
Conference
Opening.
Plenary
Session
The White Hall of the Hotel Session 1
The Blue Hall of the Hotel Session 2
19 September
2007,
Wednesday
14:30 – 18:30
The Glass Hall of the Hotel Session 3
9:30 – 16:30 The White Hall of the hotel Session 1
9:30 – 18:30 The Glass Hall of the hotel Session 3
9:30 – 13:30 The Blue Hall of the hotel Session 4
14:30 – 18:30 The Blue Hall of the hotel Session 2
20 September
2007,
Thursday
16:45 – 18:30 The White Hall of the hotel Session 4
5

17. Data Time Place Event
10.00 – 11.30
Exhibition Hall of SPbSPU
(the main building, ground floor)
Poster Session
11.30 – 13.30
Assembly (White) Hall
of SPbSPU, the main building
Plenary
Session
13.30 – 14.00
Exhibition Hall of SPbSPU
(the main building, ground floor)
Poster Session
(continuation)
14.00 – 16.00
Assembly (White) Hall
of SPbSPU,
the main building
Plenary
Session.
Conference
Closing
21 September
2007,
Friday
16.30 – 20.00
The dining-room of SPbSPU
(4–th
building, first floor)
Banquet
Notes:
1. The lunches for participants will be arranged in «Nasha
Polyana» Cafe (a building near hotel of “Petrovsky Fort” Business
center, entrance from Finliandsky ave) from 13:30 to 14:30.
2. Coffee-breaks will be arranged in the foyer of Main
Conference Hall of the hotel from 11:30 to 11:45, in the foyer
of White Hall of SPbSPU from 13:30 to 11:00 (morning session) and
in the foyer of Main Conference Hall of the hotel from 16:30
to 16:45 (afternoon session).
Excursions and the Cultural Program
The cultural program will be presented at the Hotel Reception
where also you can buy some tickets to the theaters and concert halls
of Saint–Petersburg.
Topical sessions of the 5-th
BHTC
Session 1. Heat transfer under natural, forced and mixed
convection in one-phase media.
Session 2. Boiling, condensation and mass transfer.
Session 3. Heat transfer in industrial equipment and nature.
Thermodynamics aspects.
Session 4. Combustion. Heat transfer by radiation. Combined
heat transfer. The methods of measurements.
6

18. Conference Fees
Each speaker, that is a conference participant which gives
an oral or a poster presentation at the conference, has to pay
the registration fee. The fee includes:
• «Proceedings» of the conference,
• lunches and coffee-breaks between the sessions,
• the payment for the welcome reception for participants
(evening of September18th
),
• one excursion in the city.
Other participants of the Conference (joint authors of papers,
accompanying persons, listeners, quests and visitors
of the Conference, etc.) can pay the registration fee, if they want
to have the whole set of the services, or they can pay separately
for «Proceedings» of the Conference, food, excursions, etc.
according to their will.
All Conference Participants (independent of the registration fee
payments) have to register themselves in Organizing Committee,
after it, they can take part in the Conference events. All the necessary
information will be provided for them.
Duration of presentations:
- reports – up to 15 minutes;
- lectures – up to 30 minutes.
The registration fee payment options are presented on the web-
site http://umns.stu.neva.ru/conf/BHTC.htm
7

19. Accommodation of Participants
The conference participants will be accommodated in the Hotel
“Sankt-Peterburg” (mainly), in the Hotel of Institute of International
Educational Program of SPbSPU (IMOP), in the hotel “Orbita”,
in the hotel “Sputnik”, at the preventorium of SPbSPU, and
at the hostel.
Addresses and Phones of the Hotels:
Hotel “Sankt-Peterburg”: 5/2, Pirogovskaya Embankment.
Phone. +7 (812) 380 19 19. Metro station “Ploshchad Lenina”
(Finland Railway Station).
Hotel IMOP: 28, Grazhdansky ave.
Phone. +7 (812) 321 61 00. Metro station “Academicheskaya”, then
one block right along Grazhdanskij prospect (ave.).
Hotel “Orbita”: 4, Nepokoryonnyh ave.
Phone. +7 (812) 292 98 11. Metro station “Ploshchad Muzhestva”,
then one block left to the Nepokoryonnyh ave.
Hotel “Sputnik”: 34-36, Morisa Toreza ave.
Phone. +7 (812) 552-56-32. Metro station “Ploshchad Muzhestva”,
then one block straight along Morisa Toreza ave.
Preventorium of SPbSPU: 11/1, Khlopina str.
Phone. +7 (812) 534 47 43. Metro station “Ploshchad Muzhestva”,
then right to the Ulitsa Khlopina.
Hostel: 24/11А, Kantemirovskaya str.
Phone. +7 (812) 295 36 37. Metro station “Lesnaya”, then cross
the Kantemirovskaya str.
8

20. PROGRAM OF CONFERENCE SESSIONS
19 SEPTEMBER 2007, WEDNESDAY
10.00–13.15 The Main Conference Hall of the Hotel «Sankt-Peterburg»
FIRST PLENARY SESSION. CONFERENCE OPENING CEREMONY
Greeting address to Conference participants — Chairman of 5–th
BHTC
Organizing Committee, RAS Corresponding Member, Rector of SPbSPU
prof. M.P. Fedorov.
Greeting address to participants — Chairman of Baltic Heat Transfer
International Committee prof. B. Sunden.
Greeting address to participants
— from Russian academy of Sciences — RAS Academician Y.S. Vasiliev.
— from NPO CSKTI named after I.I. Polzunov — Doctor of Physics
and Mathematics, prof. Yu.K. Petrenya.
About 5–th
BHTC: a message from the local organizing committee — prof.
E.D. Fedorovich.
Presentations
1. ENERGY SECTOR’S DEVELOPMENT IN THE BALTIC STATES
(invited paper). Yu. Vilemas. (Lithuania).
2. ELECTROENERGETICS OF RUSSIA (INCLUDING NUCLEAR
ENERGETICS) — STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS.
B.I. Nigmatulin. (Russia).
3. NUCLEAR POWER: OVERALL STRATEGY AND CONTRIBUTION
TO DISTRICT HEATING (invited paper).
Evgeny O. Adamov, Yuri N. Kuznetsov (Russia).
4. TRI-GENERATION — ALTERNATIVE TO TRADITIONAL SMALL
POWER PLANTS (keynote lecture).
L.L. Vasiliev, L.E. Kanonchik, A.G. Kulakov, A.A. Antukh (Belarus).
5. LARGE EDDY SIMULATION FOR RESOLUTION OF HEAT
TRANSFER PROBLEMS (keynote lecture).
Bengt Sundén, Rongguang Jia (Sweden).
9

21. 19 SEPTEMBER 2007, WEDNESDAY
14.30–18.30 The White Hall of the Hotel «Sankt-Peterburg»
SECTION 1. HEAT TRANSFER UNDER NATURAL, FORCED
AND MIXED CONVECTION IN ONE-PHASE MEDIA.
1.1. EXTENDED REYNOLDS ANALOGY FOR DIFFERENT FLOW
CONDITIONS OF THE HEATED PLATE.
Zygmunt Wierciński, Jacek Żabski, Maciej Kaiser (Poland).
1.2. MODELLING OF THE 3D GLASS MELT FLOW DRIVEN BY EM
AND THERMAL CONVECTION.
D. Cepīte, A. Jakovičs, B. Halbedel, U. Krieger (Latvia, Germany).
1.3. HEAT TRANSFER TO LOW-VELOCITY FLOW IN VERTICAL,
INCLINED AND HORIZONTAL CHANNELS.
B.F. Balunov, R.A. Rybin, А.А. Shcheglov, S.A. Grigoriev, V.A. Krylov,
V.N. Tanchuk (Russia).
1.4. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE FLOW IN GAS EJECTOR.
V.A. Barilovich, Yu.A. Smirnov (Russia).
1.5. HEAT TRANSFER PHENOMENA IN A CUBIC AND
THERMOSYPHON-LIKE ENCLOSURES PLACED IN A STRONG
MAGNETIC FIELD.
Elzbieta Fornalik, Piotr Filar, Tomasz Bednarz, Hiroyuki Ozoe,
Janusz S. Szmyd (Poland, Germany, Australia, Japan).
1.6. INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN HYDRODYNAMIC
CHARACTERISTICS OF A CYLINDER WITH DIRECTING OF FLOW
ELEMENTS AND HEAT TRANSFER PROCESS.
Yu.V. Zhukova, S.А. Isaev, A.I. Leontjev (Belarus, Russia).
1.7. HEAT TRANSFER TO WATER AT CO-CURRENT AND
COUNTER-CURRENT MIXED CONVECTION IN BUNDLE OF HEAT
GENERATING RODS IN LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER REGION.
Evgeny Fedorovich, Alexander Pletnev, Leonid Shmakov,
Oleg Chernikov (Russia).
10

22. 19 SEPTEMBER 2007, WEDNESDAY
14.30–18.30 The Blue Hall of the Hotel «Sankt-Peterburg»
SECTION 2. BOILING, CONDENSATION AND MASS
TRANSFER.
2.1. GENERIC FEATURES AND PUZZLES OF NUCLEATE
BOILING (keynote lecture).
Victor V. Yagov (Russia).
2.2. THE EFFECT OF HEAT-RELEASING WALL PROPERTIES
ON HEAT TRANSFER AT BOILING.
I.I. Gogonin (Russia).
2.3. EXPLOSIVE BOILING-UP AND ACOUSTIC CAVITATION
IN SUPERHEATED CRYOGENIC SOLUTIONS.
V.G. Baidakov, A.M. Kaverin, V.N. Andbaeva, E.A. Turchaninova
(Russia).
2.4. DROPLET HEATING AND EVAPORATION: HYDRODYNAMIC
AND KINETIC MODELS.
Sergei Sazhin, Irina Shishkova, Tarsisius Kristyadi, Sergey Martynov,
Morgan Heikal (Great Britain).
2.5. TRUE STEAM VOID FRACTION OF EBULLIENCE STEAM-
WATER FLOW AT PRESSURE BELOW THE ATMOSPHERIC.
Nikolay Peich, Oleg Alenichev, Georgy Koreshev (Russia).
2.6. EFFECT OF INITIAL SURFACE TEMPERATURE
ON THE COMPACTNESS OF WATER DROPLET IMPINGING
ON THE SURFACE.
Zbigniew Zapałowicz (Poland).
2.7. CONDENSATION ON INTEGRAL-FIN TUBES WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO EFFECTS OF VAPOUR VELOCITY (keynote lecture).
Adrian Briggs and John W Rose (Great Britain).
2.8. CONDENSATION HEAT TRANSFER ON NON-CIRCULAR PIPES
IN A STATIONARY VAPOR.
Vladimir Semenov, Nikolay Nikitin (Russia).
2.9. HEAT TRANSFER FROM CONDENSING POOL OF IGNALINA
NPP.
Egidijus Urbonavicius, Sigitas Rimkevicius (Lithuania).
11

23. 2.10. MICROCONVECTION AND MASS TRANSFER INDUCED
BY SPHERICAL FILTER ELEMENTS IN NON-ISOTHERMAL
FERROCOLLOIDS.
E. Blums, G. Kronkalns, M.M. Maiorov (Latvia).
2.11. HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN A RECIRCULATED FLOW
UNDER EM CONVECTION.
M. Kirpo, A. Jakovičs, B. Nacke, E. Baake, M. Langejürgen (Latvia,
Germany).
2.12. THERMAL AND HYDRODYNAMIC ANALYSIS
OF THE MELTING PROCESS IN THE COLD CRUCIBLE USING 3D
MODELING.
A. Umbrasko, E. Baake, B. Nacke, A. Jakovics (Latvia, Germany).
19 SEPTEMBER 2007, WEDNESDAY
14.30–18.30 The Glass Hall of the Hotel «Sankt-Peterburg»
SECTION 3. HEAT TRANSFER IN INDUSTRIAL
EQUIPMENT AND NATURE. THERMODYNAMICS
ASPECTS.
3.1. SIMULATION OF THE COOLING AIR HEAT TRANSFER AND
CONVECTION IN THE SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL STORAGE.
B.S. Fokin, V.N. Fromzel, M.E. Lebedev, M.A. Blinov, D.K. Zaitsev,
E.L. Kitanin, V.V. Ris, E.M. Smirnov, A.G. Fedorov, Yu.S. Chumakov
(Russia).
3.2. HEAT TRANSFER ISSUES IN CASK DEVELOPMENT.
Heinz Geiser, Klaus Janberg (Germany).
3.3. HEAT TRANSFER PROBLEMS IN LONG TERM STORAGE
OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL.
Wolfgang Heni, Wolfgang Kersting (Germany).
3.4. STUDY OF SPENT FUEL ASSEMBLY VACUUM DRYING
PROCESS WITH PROCESS SIMULATION SOFTWARE APROS.
Juha Nieminen (Finland).
12

24. 3.5. ALTERNATIVE THERMAL–HYDRAULIC CALCULATION
OF REACTOR CORE NOT USING HEAT TRANSFER
COEFFICIENTS.
S.N. Lozhkin (Russia).
3.6. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF TRANSIENT THERMAL
BEHAVIOR IN HYDROGEN CRYO-ADSORPTION STORAGE
SYSTEMS.
Petar Aleksić, Erling Naess, Ulrich Bünger, Otto Sønju (Norway).
3.7. EXPERIMENTALLY TEMPERATURE ESTABLISHING
IN FRICTION WELDING METHOD.
Kuşçu Hilmi, Sahin Mumin, Becenen I. (Turkey).
3.8. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTIVE
COEFFICIENT OF TURBULENT MIXING IN THE ROD ASSEMBLY.
Benediktas Cesna (Lithuania).
3.9. METHODS OF COMPLEX RESEARCHES OF THERMALPHYSIC
CHARACTERISTICS AND HEAT RESISTANCE OF MULTI-LAYERS
AND SINGLE-LAYER WALLINGS IN STATIONARY AND NON-
STATIONARY STAGES.
Bogojavlensky A.I., Isakov P.G., Lapovok E.V., Platonov A.S.,
Khankov S.I. (Russia).
3.10. STEAM CONDENSATION IN PARALLEL CHANNELS
OF PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS — AN EXPERIMENTAL
INVESTIGATION (keynote lecture).
Prabhakara Rao Bobbili1 and Bengt Sundén (Sweden).
20 SEPTEMBER 2007, THURSDAY
9.30–16.30 The White Hall of the Hotel «Sankt-Peterburg»
SECTION 1. HEAT TRANSFER UNDER NATURAL, FORCED
AND MIXED CONVECTION IN ONE-PHASE MEDIA.
1.8. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HEAT TRANSFER
IN THE ANNULUS BETWEEN DOUBLE TUBES OF HEAT
EXCHANGERS SPIRAL CAILS.
E. Naes (Norway).
13

25. 1.9. PREDICTION OF TEMPERATURE PROPAGATION IN A PIPE-
NETWORK EMPLOYING TURBULENCE MODELLING.
Irina Gabrielaitiene, Benny Bøhm, Bengt Sundén (Sweden).
1.10. HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT IN FLAT CHANNELS
WITH PROTRUSIONS OF SURFACE WHICH HAVE HIGH AND LOW
HEAT CONDUCTIVITY.
E. Ridovan, A. Campo (USA).
1.11. HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT IN THE FLAT
RECTUNGULAR CHANNELS WITH TURBULIZERS.
Ja. Stasick, M. Vierzhbovsky, A. Stasick (Poland).
1.12. PASSIVE SCALAR FLUX MEASUREMENTS IN THE NEAR-
FIELD OF A SWIRLING JET.
Ramis Örlü, P. Henrik Alfredsson (Sweden).
1.13. INVESTIGATION OF THE TURBULENT GAS FLOW
IN A HEAT-EXCHANGER OF A COLLECTOR TYPE.
Valery Antonov (Russia).
1.14. INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH
THE VERTICAL WATER COLUMN WITH METAL MODEL
AT ABSENCE AND PRESENCE EXPELLERS.
Jury Krasnouhov, Vladimir Prokhorov, Evgeny Fedorovich (Russia).
1.15. ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL STUDIES OF NATURAL
CONVECTION ALONG DOUBLY INFINITE VERTICAL PLATES
IN STRATIFIED FLUIDS.
Alan Shapiro, Evgeni Fedorovich Jr. (USA).
1.16. FINITE-AMPLITUDE CONVECTION OF A SYSTEM OF TWO
HORIZONTAL LAYERS OF IMMISCIBLE BINARY LIQUIDS.
Zineddine Alloui, Thierry Langlet, Hassen Beji, Patrick Vasseur
(Canada, France).
1.17. MIXED CONVECTION IN THE CHANNEL FLOWS (keynote
lecture).
Povilas Poskas, Robertas Poskas (Lithuania).
1.18. ANALYSIS OF WATER HAMMER PHENOMENA BASED
ON BENCHMARK CALCULATIONS.
Algirdas Kaliatka, Eugenijus Uspuras, Mindaugas Vaisnoras (Lithuania).
14

26. 1.19. PECULIARITIES OF IN–LINE TUBE BUNDLE HEAT
TRANSFER TO VERTICAL FOAM FLOW.
Jonas Gylys, Stasys Sinkunas, Tadas Zdankus, Vidmantas Giedraitis
(Lithuania).
1.20. MAGNETOCONVECTIVE INTENSIFICATION OF HEAT
TRANSFER FROM A CYLINDER IN MAGNETIC FLUID.
A. Mezulis, E. Blums, G. Kroņkalns (Latvia).
1.21. HEAT TRANSFER IN CHANNELS WITH TWISTED TAPE
INSERT AND VARIOUS INPUT CONDITIONS.
George Ilyin, Stanislav Tarasevich, Anatoly Yakovlev (Russia).
1.22. FLOW FRICTION OF PIPES WITH UNIFORM CONTINUOUS
SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND TWISTED TAPE INSERT.
Stanislav Tarasevich, Alexey Shchelchkov, Anatoly Yakovlev (Russia).
1.23. NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THERMOMAGNETIC
CONVECTION IN HEATED CYLINDER UNDER THE MAGNETIC
FIELD OF A SOLENOID.
D. Zablockis, V. Frishfelds, E. Blums (Latvia).
20 SEPTEMBER 2007, THURSDAY
9.30–18.30 The Glass Hall of the Hotel «Sankt-Peterburg»
SECTION 3. HEAT TRANSFER IN INDUSTRIAL
EQUIPMENT AND NATURE. THERMODYNAMICS
ASPECTS.
3.11. IRREGULARITY OF ENERGY EXCHANGE PROCESSES
IN LIVE ORGANISMS.
Anatoly Kovalenko, Sergey Nosyrev (Russia).
3.12. INVESTIGATION OF CONDUCTIVE HEAT TRANSFER
COEFFICIENT TO IMMERSED SURFACE IN FLUIDIZED BED
FURNACES PLANT.
V.V. Matsnev, S.М. Fedorov, А.Y. Semenov (Russia).
15

27. 3.13. EFFICIENCY OF INCLINED COILS APPLICATION
IN HORIZONTAL STEAM GENERATORS OF NPP WITH VVER.
Evgeny Fedorovich, Vladimir Jurkovsky, Ludmila Mushegjan,
Alexandr Klimov (Russia).
3.14. ESTIMATION OF THERMAL INSULATION EFFICIENCY
OF ESTONIAN DISTRICT HEATING NETWORKS.
Aleksandr Hlebnikov, Aadu Paist, Andres Siirde (Estonia).
3.15. UP-TO-DATE CALCULATION METHODS FOR CONDENSER
DESIGNS OF STEAM TURBINES.
Vladimir Nazarov, Marina Mironova, Evgeniy Kolenov (Russia).
3.16. VERIFICATION AND CORRECTION OF CONDENSATION
MODEL USED IN SOKRAT CODE FOR CYLINDRICAL CHANNELS
OF VARIOUS ORIENTATIONS.
V. Bezlepkin, V. Sidorov, V. Sokolov, М. Ivanova, S. Alekseyev, D. Vibe,
О. Krektunov (Russia).
3.17. ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CONVERSION EFFICIENCY BY NON
– EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS METHODS.
B.S. Fokin (Russia).
3.18. RESEARCH OF HEAT EXCHANGE AND LOSSES OF KINETIC
ENERGY IN THE TURBINE WORKING BLADES WITH A LARGE
RELATIVE STEP.
Viktor A. Rassohin, Sergey Yu. Olennikov, Ekaterina A. Chirkova,
Alexey A. Kondratyev, Yuriy V. Matveev (Russia).
3.19. HEAT TRANSFER IN CONSTITUENT PERMEABLE
ENVELOPES AND POSSIBILITIES OF THEIR APLICATION
IN COOLING SYSTEMS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS TURBINES.
N.N. Kortikov, A.V. Nazarenko, V.G. Polishuk, N.P. Sokolov (Russia).
3.20. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF PARAMETERS RELATED
TO THE MODELING OF ADSORPTION TYPE HYDROGEN
STORAGE TANKS.
Stian Jensen, Erling Naes, Ulrich Bünger, Otto Sønju (Norway).
3.21. OPTIMAL RUNNING CONDITIONS OF COOLING SISTEMS
OF THE GAS-MAIN PIPELINE COMPRESSOR STATIONS.
Ilya Cherednichenko, Eugenii Khodak, Alexander Kirillov,
Nicholay Zabelin (Russia).
16

28. 3.22. PULSATIONS OF TEMPERATURE IN ELEMENTS OF POWER
EQUIPMENT.
Alexander V. Sudakov (Russia).
3.23. FEATURES OF THE INTEGRATED INFLUENCE ON OIL
LAYER IN CONDITIONS OF HORIZONTAL WELLS.
R.N. Gataullin, Y.I. Kravtsov, E.A. Marfin, V.V. Pishanetsky (Russia).
3.24. MODELLING OF DECAY HEAT REMOVAL FROM POSSIBLE
GEOLOGICAL REPOSITORY FOR SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL
IN CRYSTALLINE ROCKS IN LITHUANIA.
Povilas Poskas, Arunas Sirvydas (Lithuania).
3.25. ENHANCEMENT OF HEAT TRANSFER IN TWISTED TUBE
HEAT EXCHANGERS.
B.V. Dzyubenko, A.S. Myakochin, P. Urbonas (Russia, Lithuania).
3.26. THE IMPACTS OF AIR COOLED CONDENSER ON
THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE DESIGN PARAMETERS.
T.M. Abu-Rahma, V.M. Borovkov (Jordan, Russia).
3.27. CLEANING AND RECOVERY OF WASTE GASES EMISSIONS
FROM THE KRAFT RECOVERY BOILER DISSOLVING TANK VIA
THE INCLINED-TYPE CONDENSER.
Lidiya V. Romanova, Alena V. Bratseva, Alexander V. Romanov,
Vladimir I. Ermakov (Russia).
3.28. EFFICIENCY OF SMALL SCALE BOILERS.
Kristjan Plamus, Tõnu Pihu (Estonia).
3.29. MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF HEAT-HYDRAULIC
PROCESSES IN PIPELINE SYSTEMS.
Daminov A.Z. (Russia).
3.30. UNCERTAINTY AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF RAPID
CONDENSATION EVENT SIMULATION RESULTS USING
ADAPTED RELAP5 VERSION.
Mindaugas Valincius, Marijus Seporaitis, Raimondas Pabarcius
(Lithuania).
3.31. NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER
IN FRICTION WELDING OF CYLINDRICAL TUBES.
Yılmaz Çan, Kamil Kahveci, Ahmet Cihan (Turkey).
17

29. 3.32. PECULIARITIES OF TEMPERATURE PROBLEM SOLUTION
FOR DESIGN UNITS OF THE NUCLEAR REACTOR VESSEL
WHEN USING SPATIAL CALCULATED MODELS.
A.B. Borintsev, V.G. Zhigarzhevskiy, V.I. Kashirin, V.G. Fedosov Yılmaz (Russia).
3.33. SELECTION OF A WORKING FLUID FOR A HEAT PUMP.
A.A. Al Alawin, V.M. Borovkov (Jordan, Russia).
3.34. MODERNIZATION EXPERIENCE FOR POWER STATION
WATER-TO-WATER SHELL-AND-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS.
A.Yu. Ryabchikov, Yu.M. Brodov, S.I. Khaet, K.E. Aronson,
V.K. Kuptzov (Russia).
3.35. AN EFFECT OF SCRAPER SHAPES ON DETACHMENT
OF SOLID ADHERED TO COOLING SURFACE FOR FORMATION
OF CLATHRATE HYDRATE SLURRY IN HARVEST TYPE COLD
STORAGE SYSTEM.
Tadafumi Daitoku, Yoshio Utaka (Japan).
3.36. INVOLVING DOMESTIC WASTERS POWER POTENTIAL INFO
FUEL-POWER BALANCE INHABITED SETTLEMENTS.
L. Kuljanitsa, B. Gladkih (Russia).
20 SEPTEMBER 2007, THURSDAY
9.30–13.30 The Blue Hall of the Hotel «Sankt-Peterburg»
SECTION 4. COMBUSTION. HEAT TRANSFER
BY RADIATION. COMBINED HEAT TRANSFER.
THE METHODS OF MEASUREMENTS.
4.1. TURBULENT COMBUSTION AND HEAT TRANSFER
IN FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED RESEARCH
OF THE LABORATORY FOR APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND
MECHANICS (invited paper).
Alexander Snegirev, Yuriy Boldyrev, Victor Sobolev, Sergey Lupuleac,
Julia Shinder, Alexey Lipjainen (Russia).
18

30. 4.2. THE EFFECT OF COMBUSTION DYNAMICS ON
THE FORMATION OF POLLUTANT EMISSIONS BY CO-FIRING
THE WOOD BIOMASS WITH GASEOUS FUEL.
Inesa Barmina, Aleksandrs Desņickis, Maija Zaķe (Latvia).
4.3. REGIONS OF SELF-EXCITATION OF SINGING FLAME.
Victor Shteinberg, Piotr Kim (Russia).
4.4. MODELING AND SIMULATION OF SOLID PROPELLANT
PARTICLE PATH IN COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF SOLID ROCKET
MOTOR.
R.S. Amano, Yumin Xiao (USA).
4.5. MEGAPIE TARGET. DESIGN AND IRRADIATION EXPERIMENT
IN SWISS SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE.
Sergej Dementjev, Friedrich Groeschel (Switzerland).
4.6. MEASUREMENT OF HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT
FOR PROTON BEAM ENTRY WINDOW OF LIQUID METAL
TARGET.
Jacek A. Patorski, Friedrich Groeschel (Switzerland).
4.7. GRADIENT HEAT FLUX SENSORS FOR THERMOPHYSICAL
MEASUREMENTS.
A.V. Mityakov, V.Yu. Mityakov, S.Z. Sapozhnikov (Russia).
4.8. REVIEW OF COMPOUND PASSIVE HEAT TRANSFER
ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES.
Dmitri Neshumayev, Toomas Tiikma (Estonia).
4.9. THE MODEL FOR MULTI-LAYER HEAT SHIELDING
WITH INNER LAYER OF INTUMESCENT MATERIAL.
Victoria Sushko, Anna Makushina, Vladimir Korablev,
Alexander Sharkov (Russia).
4.10. MODELLING OF HEAT TRANSFER CONJUGATE PROBLEM
AT RESEARCH OF MELT SOLIDIFICATION.
Vladimir Nemtsev, Henadzi Aniscovich, Ryhor Biatsenia, Dzmitry
Litouchyk, Alexey Lukashevich (Belarus).
4.11. FUEL COMBUSTION ORGANIZATION IN BIOMASS
UTILIZATION SYSTEMS.
C.M. Shestakov (Russia).
19

31. 20 SEPTEMBER 2007, THURSDAY
14.30–18.30 The Blue Hall of the Hotel «Sankt-Peterburg»
SECTION 2. BOILING, CONDENSATION AND MASS
TRANSFER.
2.13. AN EXPERIMENTAL HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER STUDY
OF BINARY LIQUID MIXTURE DROPLETS EVAPORATINGINTO
AIR STREAM.
V.I. Terekhov, N.E. Shishkin (Russia).
2.14. LIQUID DECAY AND METASTABLE REGULAR STRUCTURES
IN THE FALLING FILMS AT NONSTATIONARY HEAT
RELEASE (keynote lecture).
Alexander Pavlenko, Anton Surtaev, Andrey Chernyavski, Oleg Volodin,
I. Starodubtseva, А. Matseh (Russia).
2.15. INTER-PHASE DRAG COEFFICIENT DETERMINATION
IN THE STRATIFIED “AIR WATER” FLOW IN RECTANGULAR
CHANNEL WITH THREE DIMENSIONAL ONE-PHASE FLUENT 3D
MODEL.
S. Gasiunas, М. Sheporaitis (Lithuania).
2.16. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE CAVITATION
PHENOMENON ON THE LOCAL HYDRAULIC RESISTANCES.
Agafonova N.D., Paramonov A.P. (Russia).
2.17. MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF COOLING OF GAS FLOW
BY DROPS OF A LIQUID AT CO-CURRENT MOVEMENT
OF PHASES.
A.G. Murav'ev, V.N. Doonin (Russia).
2.18. TWO-PHASE HEAT TRANSFER IN MINI-CHANNEL
WITH POROUS HEAT-LOADED WALL.
Leonard Vasiliev, Alexander Zhuravlyov, Alexander Shapovalov,
Andrey Konon (Belarus).
2.19. MODELLING AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
OF THE PHENOMENON OF BREAKDOWN OF THE LIQUID LAYER
FORMED BY AN IMPINGING TWO-PHASE AIR-WATER JET.
Jarosław Mikielewicz, Stanisław Gumkowski, Dariusz Mikielewicz
(Poland).
20

32. 2.20. HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER INTENSIFICATION AT STEAM
ABSORPTION BY SURFACTANT ADDDITIVES.
V.E. Nakoryakov, N.I. Grigorieva, N.S. Bufetov, R.A. Dekhtyar (Russia).
2.21. ENHANCEMENT OF BOILING HEAT TRANSFER (keynote
lecture).
Arthur Bergles (USA).
20 SEPTEMBER 2007, THURSDAY
16.45–18.30 The White Hall of the Hotel «Sankt-Peterburg»
SECTION 4. COMBUSTION. HEAT TRANSFER
BY RADIATION. COMBINED HEAT TRANSFER.
THE METHODS OF MEASUREMENTS.
4.12. PECULIENRITIED OF FLOW TEMPERATURE PLASMA
FORMATION IN UNDERGROUND LIQUID CONDITIONS.
V.V. Pishanetsky, R.N. Gataullin, E.A. Marfin (Russia).
4.13. THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE TURBINE GAS
METERS’ BEHAVIOR IN THE PULSING FLOW.
Jurij Tonkonogij, Antanas Pedišius (Lithuania).
4.14. PARAMETRICAL IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENTIAL-
DIFFERENCE HEAT TRANSFER MODELS IN NON-STATIONARY
THERMAL MEASUREMENTS.
Nikolay Pilipenko (Russia).
4.15. PECULIARITIES OF AERODYNAMICS AND HEATMASS
TRANSFER IN LOW TEMPERATURE VORTEX TYPE FURNACES.
Yu.А. Ryndygin, К. Grigoriev, V. Skuditsky, А. Paramonov,
А. Trinchenko (Russia).
4.16. THERMOGRAPHY AND HEAT TRANSFER
IN MICROSYSTEMS USING LIQUID CRYSTAL THERMOGRAPHY.
Roland Muwanga, Ibrahim Hassan (Canada).
4.17. CORRECTION FOR CALCULATION OF PARTICLE HEAT
TRANSFER IN THERMAL PLASMAS.
S. Dresvin, S. Zverev, D. Ivanov (Russia).
21

33. 21 SEPTEMBER 2007, FRIDAY
10.00–11.30, 13.30–14.00
Exhibition Hall of SPbSPU, Main Bulding
POSTER SESSION
с.1. MODELING OF CONDENSATION SEPARATION OF SMALL
FRACTION FROM GAS FLOW.
Konstantin Aref’ev, O.V. Beliayeva, A.J. Greben’kov, T.A. Zayats,
T. Pushkariova (Russia, Belarus).
с.2. TESTING AND USING OF GRADIENT HEAT FLUX SENSORS.
S.Z. Sapozhnikov, V.I. Terekhov, V.Yu. Mityakov, A.V. Mityakov,
S.A. Mozhaiskiy, S.V. Kalinina, V.V. Lemanov (Russia).
с.3. THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRIC FIELD
ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SWIRLING FLAME VELOCITY
FIELD AND COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS.
Inesa Barmina, Aleksandrs Desņickis, Maija Zaķe (Latvia).
с.4. PERFECTION OF ENGINEERING INFRASTRUCTURE
OF MUNICIPAL POWER ENGINEERING ON THE BASIS
OF RATIONAL USE OF FUEL AND ENERGY RESOURCES.
L. Kuljanitsa, G. Porshnev, Yu. Mironov, N. Myshkin, M. Kukolev
(Russia).
с.5. AUTOMATED SYSTEM OF CONTROL AND MANAGEMENTS
OF RESOURCES CONSUMPTION IN BUILDINGS.
L. Kuljanitsa, G. Porshnev, M. Kukolev (Russia).
с.6. RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER OF TURBULATOR INSERTS
IN GAS-HEATED CHANNELS.
Dmitri Neshumayev, Toomas Tiikma (Estonia).
с.7. INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER IN DRIVE OF REACTOR
WWER-440 CONTROL AND PROTECTION SYSTEM (CPS)
ON MODEL.
Alexander Sudakov, Vladimir Prokhorov (Russia).
с.8. REMOTE CONTROL OF BOILER BURNER BY USING
TELEPHONE.
Kuşçu Hilmi, Öztuna Semiha (Turkey).
22

34. с.9. PHYSICAL-MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF THERMAL
PROCESSES IN THE COLD SYSTEMS.
Elena Lesyuk (Russia).
с.10. INFLUENCE OF SOLAR RADIATION AND VENTILATION
CONDITIONS ON HEAT BALANCE AND THERMAL COMFORT
CONDITIONS IN LIVING-ROOMS.
Staņislavs Gendelis, Andris Jakovičs (Latvia).
с.11. A MODEL FOR CALCULATION OF HEAT TRANSFER IN FIN-
AND-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS.
Bengt Hellén-Halme, Bengt Sundén (Sweden).
с.12. CALCULATION OF THE THERMAL AND STRESS STATE
UNDER LOCAL TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE ON HEATED
SURFACE.
Vadim A. Golovach, Alexander V. Sudakov (Russia).
с.13. MATHERMATICAL MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL
STUDY OF THE TEMPERATURE REGIME AND STRESS STATE
BY LOCAL TEMPERATURE IMPACT.
А. Sudakov, S. Slovtsov, А. Sinilschikov, V. Golovach (Russia).
с.14. CONCERNING THE ASPECT OF DEFINITION OF THERMAL-
HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS OF MIXING WHEN COLD WATER
SUPPLYING TO WWER VESSEL DURING LOCAS.
V.I. Kashirin, V.G. Fedosov, V.A. Yanchuk (Russia).
с.15. LIQUID FILM STUDY ON THE REMOVED FROM LIQUID
VERTICAL PLATE.
E. Tonkonogiy, А. Stankevichus, А. Pedishius (Lithuania).
с.16. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE OPERATING REGIME
OF MULTISLAG ORE ELECTRIC FURNACE.
Alexander Pletnev, Victor Talalov (Russia).
с.17. MAGNETIC FLUID MASS TRANSFER THROUGH
THE POROUS MEDIA UNDER THE ACTION OF TEMPERATURE
GRADIENT IN A MAGNETIC FIELD.
Gunārs Kroņkalns, Mikhail Maiorov (Latvia).
23

35. с.18. THERMAL DISSIPATION OF ENERGY IN FERROFLUID
UNDER THE EFFECT OF LOW-FREQUENCY ALTERNATING
MAGNETIC FIELD.
M.M. Maiorov, E. Blums, G. Kroņkalns (Latvia).
с.19. QUANTUM MECHANICS USE IN CALCULATIONS
OF TRANSPORT COEFFICIENTS IN GASES AND METALS VAPORS.
К.М. Aref’ev (Russia).
с.20. THERMAL RADIATION AND EFFECTS ON TRANSPORT
PROCESSES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS.
Hong Liu, Jinliang Yuan, Bengt Sundén (Sweden).
с.21. AN APPLICATION OF ZONAL METHODS TO THE ACCOUNT
OF COMPLICATED HEAT EXCHANGE IN HEAT-TECHNOLOGICAL
INSTALLATIONS.
V.V. Buhmirov, D.V. Rakutina (Russia).
с.22. HEAT TRANSFER IN PLASMA JET REACTOR FOR MELTING
AND MELT FIBRILLATION OF HARD CERAMICS.
Viktorija Valinciute, Romualdas Kerzelis, Vitas Valincius,
Pranas Valatkevicius, Vladas Mecius (Lithuania).
с.23. MAXIMUM HEAT POWER RATE AND CONDITIONS
OF DETERIORATION OF COOLING IN THERMOSYPHONS
SLIGHTLY TILTED ABOUT THE HORIZONTAL.
Balunov B.F., Ilyin V.A., Sajkova E.N., Shcheglov A.A., Rybin R.A.
(Russia).
с.24. FORCED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER FROM A SURFACE
WITH DIAMONDSHAPED ELEMENTS HAVING LOW/HIGH
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY.
Giovanni Tanda (Italy).
с.25. FREE-CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS
ALONG A VERTICAL SURFACE WITH SQUARE PROTRUSIONS.
Giovanni Tanda (Italy).
с.26. INFLUENCE OF THERMAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
ON THE THERMOHYDRAULIC BEHAVIOUR OF A RECTANGULAR
SINGLE-PHASE NATURAL CIRCULATION LOOP.
Pietro Garibaldi, Mario Misale (Italy).
24

36. с.27. MODELLING OF DRYOUT PROCESS IN ANNULAR FLOW.
Dariusz Mikielewicz, Jarosław Mikielewicz, Jan Wajs, Michał Gliński
(Poland).
с.28. STUDY OF SUBCOOLED BOILING OF R 123 IN SMALL
DIAMETER CHANNELS.
Michail Klugmann, Yoenne Tesmar (Poland).
с.29. SOME PROBLEMS OF HEAT TRANSFER OPTIMIZATION
IN MOBILE TELEPHONES.
Т. Aho, R. Karvinen (Finland).
с.30. LASER DOPPLER ANEMOMETER APPLICATION IN THE AIR
VELOCITY NATIONAL STANDARD.
Agnė Bertašienė, Aidas Daugelė, Vytautas Janušas (Lithuania).
с.31. GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS INFLUENCE
OF THE CROSS-FLOWED BUNDLES ON THE HEAT EXCHANGE
IN SEPARATORS–SUPERHEATERS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
TURBINES.
Mikhail Egorov (Russia).
с.32. MODELLING OF HEAT AND MASS EXCHANGE
IN THE HUMAN LUNGS.
Konstantin Aref’ev, Evgeny Fedorovich, Aleksander Hrushchenko
(Russia).
21 SEPTEMBER 2007, FRIDAY
11.30–16.00
S–P. State Polytechnic University, Assembly (White) Hall, Main Bulding
FINAL PLENARY SESSION
1. ENERGY SECURITY: ASSESSMENT AND TRENDS TO SOLVE
PROBLEM (invited paper).
Alexander Mikhalevich (Belarus).
2. ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL METHODS COMBINING
BY CONJURAGATED HEAT TRANSFER PROBLEMS
SOLVING (invited paper).
R. Karvinen (Finland).
25

37. 3. PROBLEMS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER AND SAFETY
IN NEW GENERATION NPP DESIGNS (invited paper).
V.G. Аsmolov, V.N. Blinkov, А.D. Еfanov, А.P. Sorokin, V.F. Strizhov,
О.I. Меlikhov (Russia).
4. PROCESSES OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
IN GASIFICATION (invited paper).
Oleg G. Martynenko (Belarus).
5. ON DEVOLATILIZATION ROLE IN THE FOSSIL FUEL
COMBUSTION (invited paper).
Anupras Slanchauskas (Lithuania).
6. HEAT TRANSFER IN FUEL ASSEMBLIES COOLED BY GAS-
STEAM MIXTURE AT INVESTIGATION OF BEYOND DESIGN
BASIS ACCIDENTS AT PARAMETER FACILITY (invited paper).
I.I. Fedik, I.Ya. Parshin, Yu.A. Kuzma-Kichta, S.S. Bazuk, S.S. Popov
(Russia).
7. ASH FOULING OF BOILER TUBES AND THERMOPHYSICAL
PROPERTIES OF DEPOSITS (keynote lecture).
Arvo Ots (Estonia).
8. THERMAL-HYDRAULIC PHENOMENA IN MICROCHANNELS
WITH BOILING (keynote lecture).
Arthur Bergles (USA).
Organizing committee and sessions chairmen reports about Conference
work.
CONFERENCE CLOSING
26

38. Scheme of the Hotel “Sankt-Peterburg” location
Café «Nasha Polyana» is located in the Business Center «Petrovsky
Fort», entrance from Finlyandsky Prospect (ave).
Scheme of the SPbSPU buildings
27

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