Recent 3D printing technologies: A comparative review and future perspectivevivatechijri
Additive manufacturing (AM) is generally recognized as three-dimensional (3D) printing or rapid
prototyping, which has evolved rapidly in numerous applications. In this review paper, recent major fundamentals
and technology development in 3DP are reviewed, including its features and latest findings. Moreover, some
potential applications in 3D printing are involved, followed by its typical applications, advance trend, and future
perspective.
Current Trends in Product Development during COVID-19vivatechijri
This paper will summarize the authors´ experience over the last decades, from new methods developed
and used within Product Development, as well as current trends. Hence, a general and broad overview is
presented, rather than recent research results. Driving forces in PD are: Technology, Market and Society.
Ecological, economic and social sustainability require recycling, reuse, energy conservation and new business
concepts. Customization is carried out by modular architecture, combining customer specific products with
volume production of components and sub-systems. PD integrates “hard” properties (engineering), with “soft”
properties (industrial design). Fundamental PD characteristics are: Iteration, Integration (technical and
organizational), and Innovation. Globally distributed industrial partners co-operate using Internet. Iteration:
modeling/simulation, virtual prototyping and additive manufacturing speed up process loops. Structured PD:
Initial specification of “what” – functional requirements, then “how” - generation of design solutions.
Interdependencies analysis is important to simplify the product´s structure. The V-model for specification and
verification is commonly used. A 3-stage industrial process separates strategy, core technology development, and
product design for market introduction.
Mechanical Engineers in Corporate worldvivatechijri
In today's Digitization, every business is trying to become digital in terms of operations. After the
COVID-19 breakdown, about 60 percent of businesses have transformed into digital form. In the case of the
manufacturing world, this digitization is nothing but industry 5.O.Now a days many of the mechanical engineers
are recruited in Corporate because of the integrity they possess. Having said that it's also a bitter truth that
many mechanical engineers lack the skills that are needed in the corporate world. Due to which they tend to
miss the targets. This study investigates the problems faced by fresh mechanical graduates in the corporate
world and how to overcome them. This study is significant because, after COVID -19 outbreak, HR wants a
personality that can be best at the factory shop floor as well as in-office with desired skills.
What enables improvements in cost and performance to occur?Jeffrey Funk
These slides discuss the design changes that enable improvements in cost and performance to occur. The main types of design changes that lead to improvements are: 1) reductions in scale (e.g., transistors and Moore's Law); 2) creation of new materials; 3) increases in scale (e.g., internal combustion engines, oil tankers, production equipment). Some technologies experience these improvements directly and some indirectly through the impact of components on higher-level systems.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Recent 3D printing technologies: A comparative review and future perspectivevivatechijri
Additive manufacturing (AM) is generally recognized as three-dimensional (3D) printing or rapid
prototyping, which has evolved rapidly in numerous applications. In this review paper, recent major fundamentals
and technology development in 3DP are reviewed, including its features and latest findings. Moreover, some
potential applications in 3D printing are involved, followed by its typical applications, advance trend, and future
perspective.
Current Trends in Product Development during COVID-19vivatechijri
This paper will summarize the authors´ experience over the last decades, from new methods developed
and used within Product Development, as well as current trends. Hence, a general and broad overview is
presented, rather than recent research results. Driving forces in PD are: Technology, Market and Society.
Ecological, economic and social sustainability require recycling, reuse, energy conservation and new business
concepts. Customization is carried out by modular architecture, combining customer specific products with
volume production of components and sub-systems. PD integrates “hard” properties (engineering), with “soft”
properties (industrial design). Fundamental PD characteristics are: Iteration, Integration (technical and
organizational), and Innovation. Globally distributed industrial partners co-operate using Internet. Iteration:
modeling/simulation, virtual prototyping and additive manufacturing speed up process loops. Structured PD:
Initial specification of “what” – functional requirements, then “how” - generation of design solutions.
Interdependencies analysis is important to simplify the product´s structure. The V-model for specification and
verification is commonly used. A 3-stage industrial process separates strategy, core technology development, and
product design for market introduction.
Mechanical Engineers in Corporate worldvivatechijri
In today's Digitization, every business is trying to become digital in terms of operations. After the
COVID-19 breakdown, about 60 percent of businesses have transformed into digital form. In the case of the
manufacturing world, this digitization is nothing but industry 5.O.Now a days many of the mechanical engineers
are recruited in Corporate because of the integrity they possess. Having said that it's also a bitter truth that
many mechanical engineers lack the skills that are needed in the corporate world. Due to which they tend to
miss the targets. This study investigates the problems faced by fresh mechanical graduates in the corporate
world and how to overcome them. This study is significant because, after COVID -19 outbreak, HR wants a
personality that can be best at the factory shop floor as well as in-office with desired skills.
What enables improvements in cost and performance to occur?Jeffrey Funk
These slides discuss the design changes that enable improvements in cost and performance to occur. The main types of design changes that lead to improvements are: 1) reductions in scale (e.g., transistors and Moore's Law); 2) creation of new materials; 3) increases in scale (e.g., internal combustion engines, oil tankers, production equipment). Some technologies experience these improvements directly and some indirectly through the impact of components on higher-level systems.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Technology Change, Creative Destruction, and Economic FeasibiltyJeffrey Funk
After showing that the costs of most electronic products are from electronic components, these slides show how the iPhone and iPad became economically feasible through improvements in microprocessors, flash memory, and displays.
Design and Modelling of a Leaf Spring using 3D Printing Technologyijtsrd
3D printing technology forms the basis of corporation's prototyping process. 3D printing technology creates 3D physical protypes by solidifying layers of deposited power by using a liquid binder. 3D printing is an versatile process accommodating geometry of varying complexity in hundreds of different applications, and supporting many types of materials. By eliminating production steps and using substantially less material, additive process could be able to reduce waste and save more than 50 of energy compared to today's subtractive manufacturing process and reduce material cost upto 90 . The use of additive manufacturing can potentially benefit a wide range of industries including defence, aerospace, automotive, biomedical, consumer products and metal manufacturing. A leaf spring is a simple form of spring, normally used for the suspension in wheeled cars. Leaf springs are long and narrow plates attached to the body of a trailer that rests above or under trailer's axle. For safe and cozy using, to prevent the street shocks from being transmitted to the car components and to guard the guard the occupants from the road shocks it's miles important to determine the maximum safe strain and deflection. The objective is to find the stresses and deformation in the leaf spring via making use of static load on it. One of a kind of special materials with mechanical properties are taken into consideration for the structural static evaluation. All leaf spring has linear characteristics there is a linear dependence between force and deflection this means that the 3D printed springs could be used as machine elements in different applications. B. Shushma | Ch. Pavan | D. Vikas Reddy | G. Venu Madhav | A. Mukhul Vamshi ""Design and Modelling of a Leaf Spring using 3D Printing Technology"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29589.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29589/design-and-modelling-of-a-leaf-spring-using-3d-printing-technology/b-shushma
Industrial Revolution 4 Viewpoint. How it might affect SME competitiveness and ways to Overcome it.
Coursework for the International Business Consultancy Module at Oxford Brookes University.
Construction Industry: Industrialize your Project Management with 3D SoftwareDassault Systemes
Learning from the manufacturing industry how to improve productivity and project efficiency.
In the past 40 years, manufacturing industries have improved productivity about 400% while the construction industry has steadily decline in its productivity. The construction industry needs to learn industrialization to improve construction project efficiency. This white paper explains how manufacturers have improved their productivity and production efficiency. Also, it describes how leaders can change construction project processes based on this philosophy.
Discover how to improve construction project productivity and efficiency by Industrialization of the Construction Industry.
A REVIEW OF ICT TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTIONIJMIT JOURNAL
A growing awareness in the construction industry has emerged to pay a sharp attention to ICT as a catalyst that would itigate the deficiencies characterized by this industry. In comparison with other cited review articles, this paper is aimed to 1) compile the research published on “ICT Technologies” in
correspondence to “Construction Tasks” in the construction industry over the past two decades (1996- 2016), 2) demonstrate the trends and patterns in the use of different types of ICT Technologies 3) discuss the correspondence of the identified ICT Technologies to the identified Construction Tasks and 4) exhibit the construction needs of ICT. By the employment of a five phases profiling methodology, a set of 68 out of 202 articles and papers indexed by Elsevier’s Scopus database was considered relevant for the current review paper. This research is targeting the beginning researchers and practitioners in the field of ICT in construction.
An Empirical Investigation of Factors Affecting Construction Sector Labour Pr...inventionjournals
The construction industry plays a strategic role in developing countries like Zimbabwe. This research seeks to empirically determine the main factors affecting construction labour productivity in Zimbabwe. Questionnaires comprising of structured and unstructured questions were used to for data collection. The research employed heterogeneous sampling to select the target population, and fifty (50) questionnaires were completed and analyzed. Using a simple ordinal scale, based on a 5-point Likert Scale; contractors, consultants and professionals expressed their views on the relative importance of twenty-two (22) pre-selected factors on construction labour productivity. Data was analyzed using the Relative Importance Index (RII). The results show that late and or non-payment of wages and salaries, suitability and/or adequacy of capital, non-payment to suppliers, availability of experienced labour as well as education and training are amongst the top thirteen (13) most important factors impinging construction labour productivity in Zimbabwe. Timeous payment of salaries and wages as well as investment in staff training and development are amongst the recommended intervention strategies to improve construction labour productivity in Zimbabwe.
3D Printing Market - MATERIAL (ABS, PLA, Photopolymer, Ceramics etc.), TECHNO...Akash Singh
The report presents a detailed market analysis of 3D printing and Additive Manufacturing by incorporating complete pricing and cost analysis of components & products, product benchmarking, Porter’s analysis and PEST (Political, Economic, Social & Technological factor) analysis of the market. Market Classification encompasses segmentation & sub-segmentation of the market by Technology, Materials, Application industry and Geography.
The report deals with all the driving factors, restraints, and opportunities with respect to the 3D printing and Additive Manufacturing market, which are helpful in identifying trends and key success factors for the industry. Lastly, the current market landscape is covered with detailed competitive landscape and company profiles of all key players across the ecosystem. The report also formulates the entire value chain of the market, along with industry trends of 3D printing application industries and materials used with emphasis on market timelines & technology roadmaps, and market & product life cycle analysis.
Lastly, the 3D printing and Additive Manufacturing market is segmented by geography across North America, South & Central America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and ROW (Rest of the World) and further sub-segmented by countries. Country specific market is estimated and the growth opportunities are identified.
Advantages to Industrial Physics and Digital Portals in Developing Green Technology and Remote Building, increasing Industrial Scale and Reclaiming Legacy with Advance Science... Modeled in Financial Planning
Advantages to Industrial Physics and Digital Portals in Developing Green Technology and Remote Building, increasing Industrial Scale and Reclaiming Legacy with Advance Science... Modeled in Financial Planning
Features:
• Cost effective and versatile
• High accuracy, better than 1.0% read
• Portable main unit, Compact enclosure, Portable case for all accessories.
• Wide flow measurement range, from 0.03 to 105 ft/s (0.01m/s-32m/s).
• Velocity, volumetric and totalized flow display
• Bi-directional, Totalized for net, positive and negative flow display.
• Wide pipe size range, from 3/4" to 240" (DN 20-6.00 mm).
• Suitable for all commonly used pipe materials.
• Rechargeable battery for 16 hours of operation.
• Self-explanatory user interface, easy to operate.
• Signal quality tracking and self-adjusting capabilities automatically match transducer to pipe material
• Ideal for both clean and opaque liquid flow, in fact, most any liquid containing less than 5% total suspended solids (TSS) or aeration.
• Clear, user-friendly menu selections make DMTFP simple and convenient to use.
We have various types of five valve manifolds, in SS 304 and SS316 construction. T type, R type and H type Five Valve manifolds are normally available exstock with us
Technology Change, Creative Destruction, and Economic FeasibiltyJeffrey Funk
After showing that the costs of most electronic products are from electronic components, these slides show how the iPhone and iPad became economically feasible through improvements in microprocessors, flash memory, and displays.
Design and Modelling of a Leaf Spring using 3D Printing Technologyijtsrd
3D printing technology forms the basis of corporation's prototyping process. 3D printing technology creates 3D physical protypes by solidifying layers of deposited power by using a liquid binder. 3D printing is an versatile process accommodating geometry of varying complexity in hundreds of different applications, and supporting many types of materials. By eliminating production steps and using substantially less material, additive process could be able to reduce waste and save more than 50 of energy compared to today's subtractive manufacturing process and reduce material cost upto 90 . The use of additive manufacturing can potentially benefit a wide range of industries including defence, aerospace, automotive, biomedical, consumer products and metal manufacturing. A leaf spring is a simple form of spring, normally used for the suspension in wheeled cars. Leaf springs are long and narrow plates attached to the body of a trailer that rests above or under trailer's axle. For safe and cozy using, to prevent the street shocks from being transmitted to the car components and to guard the guard the occupants from the road shocks it's miles important to determine the maximum safe strain and deflection. The objective is to find the stresses and deformation in the leaf spring via making use of static load on it. One of a kind of special materials with mechanical properties are taken into consideration for the structural static evaluation. All leaf spring has linear characteristics there is a linear dependence between force and deflection this means that the 3D printed springs could be used as machine elements in different applications. B. Shushma | Ch. Pavan | D. Vikas Reddy | G. Venu Madhav | A. Mukhul Vamshi ""Design and Modelling of a Leaf Spring using 3D Printing Technology"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29589.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29589/design-and-modelling-of-a-leaf-spring-using-3d-printing-technology/b-shushma
Industrial Revolution 4 Viewpoint. How it might affect SME competitiveness and ways to Overcome it.
Coursework for the International Business Consultancy Module at Oxford Brookes University.
Construction Industry: Industrialize your Project Management with 3D SoftwareDassault Systemes
Learning from the manufacturing industry how to improve productivity and project efficiency.
In the past 40 years, manufacturing industries have improved productivity about 400% while the construction industry has steadily decline in its productivity. The construction industry needs to learn industrialization to improve construction project efficiency. This white paper explains how manufacturers have improved their productivity and production efficiency. Also, it describes how leaders can change construction project processes based on this philosophy.
Discover how to improve construction project productivity and efficiency by Industrialization of the Construction Industry.
A REVIEW OF ICT TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTIONIJMIT JOURNAL
A growing awareness in the construction industry has emerged to pay a sharp attention to ICT as a catalyst that would itigate the deficiencies characterized by this industry. In comparison with other cited review articles, this paper is aimed to 1) compile the research published on “ICT Technologies” in
correspondence to “Construction Tasks” in the construction industry over the past two decades (1996- 2016), 2) demonstrate the trends and patterns in the use of different types of ICT Technologies 3) discuss the correspondence of the identified ICT Technologies to the identified Construction Tasks and 4) exhibit the construction needs of ICT. By the employment of a five phases profiling methodology, a set of 68 out of 202 articles and papers indexed by Elsevier’s Scopus database was considered relevant for the current review paper. This research is targeting the beginning researchers and practitioners in the field of ICT in construction.
An Empirical Investigation of Factors Affecting Construction Sector Labour Pr...inventionjournals
The construction industry plays a strategic role in developing countries like Zimbabwe. This research seeks to empirically determine the main factors affecting construction labour productivity in Zimbabwe. Questionnaires comprising of structured and unstructured questions were used to for data collection. The research employed heterogeneous sampling to select the target population, and fifty (50) questionnaires were completed and analyzed. Using a simple ordinal scale, based on a 5-point Likert Scale; contractors, consultants and professionals expressed their views on the relative importance of twenty-two (22) pre-selected factors on construction labour productivity. Data was analyzed using the Relative Importance Index (RII). The results show that late and or non-payment of wages and salaries, suitability and/or adequacy of capital, non-payment to suppliers, availability of experienced labour as well as education and training are amongst the top thirteen (13) most important factors impinging construction labour productivity in Zimbabwe. Timeous payment of salaries and wages as well as investment in staff training and development are amongst the recommended intervention strategies to improve construction labour productivity in Zimbabwe.
3D Printing Market - MATERIAL (ABS, PLA, Photopolymer, Ceramics etc.), TECHNO...Akash Singh
The report presents a detailed market analysis of 3D printing and Additive Manufacturing by incorporating complete pricing and cost analysis of components & products, product benchmarking, Porter’s analysis and PEST (Political, Economic, Social & Technological factor) analysis of the market. Market Classification encompasses segmentation & sub-segmentation of the market by Technology, Materials, Application industry and Geography.
The report deals with all the driving factors, restraints, and opportunities with respect to the 3D printing and Additive Manufacturing market, which are helpful in identifying trends and key success factors for the industry. Lastly, the current market landscape is covered with detailed competitive landscape and company profiles of all key players across the ecosystem. The report also formulates the entire value chain of the market, along with industry trends of 3D printing application industries and materials used with emphasis on market timelines & technology roadmaps, and market & product life cycle analysis.
Lastly, the 3D printing and Additive Manufacturing market is segmented by geography across North America, South & Central America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and ROW (Rest of the World) and further sub-segmented by countries. Country specific market is estimated and the growth opportunities are identified.
Advantages to Industrial Physics and Digital Portals in Developing Green Technology and Remote Building, increasing Industrial Scale and Reclaiming Legacy with Advance Science... Modeled in Financial Planning
Advantages to Industrial Physics and Digital Portals in Developing Green Technology and Remote Building, increasing Industrial Scale and Reclaiming Legacy with Advance Science... Modeled in Financial Planning
Features:
• Cost effective and versatile
• High accuracy, better than 1.0% read
• Portable main unit, Compact enclosure, Portable case for all accessories.
• Wide flow measurement range, from 0.03 to 105 ft/s (0.01m/s-32m/s).
• Velocity, volumetric and totalized flow display
• Bi-directional, Totalized for net, positive and negative flow display.
• Wide pipe size range, from 3/4" to 240" (DN 20-6.00 mm).
• Suitable for all commonly used pipe materials.
• Rechargeable battery for 16 hours of operation.
• Self-explanatory user interface, easy to operate.
• Signal quality tracking and self-adjusting capabilities automatically match transducer to pipe material
• Ideal for both clean and opaque liquid flow, in fact, most any liquid containing less than 5% total suspended solids (TSS) or aeration.
• Clear, user-friendly menu selections make DMTFP simple and convenient to use.
We have various types of five valve manifolds, in SS 304 and SS316 construction. T type, R type and H type Five Valve manifolds are normally available exstock with us
DRAFT Designing a collaborative and blended learning academyAlexandra Lederer
Currently brainstorming on a blended 'Train the Trainer' framework. This is in progress, your feedback and ideas are welcome!
Draft as of 12 December 2013
We have various types of five valve manifolds, in SS 304 and SS316 construction. T type, R type and H type Five Valve manifolds are normally available exstock with us
A report based on the workshop held by the University of Tennessee-Knoxville. This report explores the topics of advanced manufacturing, robotic blacksmithing, advanced parts manufacturing genome, nature-inspired manufacturing, and additive manufacturing.
Paveway Democratization of Manufacturing Workshop ReportTravis DeMeester
The democratization of manufacturing is about empowering small and medium-sized manufacturers with the emerging technologies of industry 4.0 to innovate, increase productivity, and connect to the digital manufacturing ecosystem.
The University of Tennessee - Knoxville, in partnership with Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Paveway Inc., hosted an industry collaboration workshop to design and build a roadmap for small and medium-sized manufacturers to embrace several emerging advanced manufacturing technologies.
For attribution, please link to the following Paveway page:
paveway.io/insights/2019/democratization-of-manufacturing-an-industry-rampd-collaboration
The report is based on the automation process in the emerging world. As the world is growing towards the automation process, all these industries are utilizing the benefits of automation in the working process. With the help of a new automation technique, the working procedures are performing very fast and effectively. To use automation we just need a computer or a system. Some artificial software tools are there that need to be installed in the computers so the machine can perform the task. It gives us the benefit of fast operations. So automation and digital technology also be a blessing for total countries as they could conduct to receive in productivity which is finally the driver of improvement Ragavendra. K. (2020). Automation Process in Emerging World and its importance. International Journal on Orange Technologies, 1(2), 55-61. Retrieved from https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJOT/article/view/526 Pdf Url: https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJOT/article/view/526/502 Paper Url: https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJOT/article/view/526
This survey seeks to understand some of the key priorities for manufacturers as well as their strategies for growth, specifically with respect to capabilities, physical resources and human capital.
Advantages to Industrial Physics and Digital Portals in Developing Green Technology and Remote Building, increasing Industrial Scale and Reclaiming Legacy with Advance Science... Modeled in Financial Planning
The Engineering & Construction (E&C) industry strongly
affects the economy, the environment and society as a
whole. It touches the daily lives of everyone, as quality of life
is heavily influenced by the built environment surrounding
people. The construction industry serves almost all other
industries, as all economic value creation occurs within or
by means of buildings or other “constructed assets”. As
an industry, moreover, it accounts for 6% of global GDP. It
is also the largest global consumer of raw materials, and
constructed objects account for 25-40% of the world’s total
carbon emissions.
Multiple global megatrends are shaping the future of
construction. Consider just two developments: first,
30% of global greenhouse gas emissions are attributable
to buildings (at the same time, the UK government
has set a target for 2025 of 50% reduction in today’s
level of greenhouse gas emissions in the country’s built
environment); second, the population of the world’s urban
areas is increasing by 200,000 people per day, all of whom
need affordable housing as well as social, transportation
and utility infrastructure. Such trends pose challenges but
also offer opportunities; either way, they require an adequate
response from the industry as a whole.
A Concept of High Technology and Case of Software Designing FirmDr. Nazrul Islam
There is a controversy among the researchers regarding the concept of high technology (high-tech) firms. Therefore, an attempt has been made to identify the specific aspects or characteristics of high-tech firms and its application in software designing firms (SDFs). The study shows that most of the researchers have the convergence among their opinion of high-tech firms. They defined high-tech concept with the help of different products and services of companies in diverse environment. The specific aspects of high-tech firms are: product and process sophistication, research and development intensity, technically educated employees, a fast rate of growth and high degree of vulnerability, scarcity of human resources familiar with the technologies, all or parts of the products are based on the recent innovations or new technologies, a worldwide product for its market, new technology makes existing technology obsolete very quickly, turbulent environment characterized by realignment of competitors, changing customer’s needs, changing regulations, new competing products and so on. It is also identified that SDF's are high-tech firms.
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION OF ONTOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEM FO...IJDKP
Dynamism and uncertainty are genuine threats for current high technology organisations. Capability to change is the crux of sustainability of current large organisations. Modern manufacturing philosophies, including agile and lean, are not enough to be competitive in global market therefore a new emerging paradigm i.e. reconfigurable manufacturing systems is fast emerging to complement the application of lean
and agile manufacturing systems. Product, Process and Resource (PPR) are the core areas in an engineering domain of a manufacturing enterprise which are tightly coupled with each other. Change in one (usually product) affects the others therefore engineering change management activity has to tackle
PPR change effects. Current software applications do not provide an unequivocal infrastructure where PPR can be explicitly related. It follows that reconfigurable techniques can be further complemented with the help of knowledge based systems to design, engineer, manufacture, commission and change existing processes and resources against changed products.
This paper review how technology can be use to generate a more inclusive position both as instrument of dominion and emancipartion. This positive view of technology will be discuss with particular emphasis on the interrelationship between technology and quality of life that will bring about steady improvements in living conditions. This paper also talks about the usefulness of science, technology and lnnovations (STI) in adding value to our social system. The ability of local firms and enterprises to access technological know-how is fundamental in providing products and services. The use of computer in enhancing production, transportation, energy, commerce, education and health. STI will foster food production and accessibility to good health. This paper concluded that we cannot suppress change as a nation, we need to stop finding reasons why things cant be done and find the reasons why they must be done as well as the right way to do them before we wipe out ourselves.
1. SVERI’s College of Engineering,Pandharpur 1
A
PAPER PRESENTATION ON
“Trends in Advanced Manufacturing
Processes”
UNDER THE
SVERI’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
PANDHARPUR.
Submitted By,
Mr.Umesh M. Chikhale.
Mr.Vaibhav R. Satpute.
Mechanical Engineering (Third Year div-A)
Academic Year:-2016-2017
2. A Paper Presentation On “Trends in Advanced manufacturing Processes”.
SVERI’s College of Engineering,Pandharpur 2
A) Introduction:-
Over the past few decades, manufacturing has evolved from a more labor-intensive
set of mechanical processes (traditional manufacturing) to a sophisticated set of information-
technology –based processes (advanced manufacturing). Given these changes in advanced
manufacturing, the National Intelligence Manager for Science and Technology in the Office
of the Director of National Intelligence asked the Institute for Defense Analyses to identify
emerging global trends in advanced manufacturing and to propose scenarios for advanced
manufacturing 10 and 20 years in the future.The study team sought to answer the following
questions:
What are converging trends in advanced manufacturing across technology
areas?
What are emerging trends in advanced manufacturing in specific technology
areas?
What are enabling factors that affect success in creating advanced
manufacturing products, processes, and enterprises?
i) Converging Trends:-
The experts we consulted from academia, government, and industry identified five
large-scale trends that have been instrumental in the shift from traditional labor-intensive
processes to advanced-technology-based processes. They are:
(1) the ubiquitous role of information technology,
(2) the reliance on modeling and simulation in the manufacturing process,
(3) the acceleration of innovation in global supply-chain management,
(4) themove toward rapid changeability of manufacturing in response to customer needs and
external impediments, and
(5) the acceptance and support of sustainable manufacturing.
ii) Emerging Trends:-
Among the mature technology areas, two trends are emerging. First, because
semicondu- ctors are the cornerstone of the global information technology economy, multiple
areas of research are underway, including the continued linear scaling of siliconbased
integrated circuits, increased diversification of materials and approaches to building these
circuits, and designing completely novel computing devices
iii) Enabling Factors:-
The growth of advanced manufacturing within particular countries depends on factors that a
country’s government can influence, such as infrastructure quality, labor skills, and a stable
business environment, and factors that it cannot, such as trends in private-sector markets. The
size of the market and growth potential are the primary reasons why companies choose to
locate in a particular country or countries.
3. A Paper Presentation On “Trends in Advanced manufacturing Processes”.
SVERI’s College of Engineering,Pandharpur 3
B) Defining Advanced Manufacturing:-
Our definition of advanced manufacturing is intentionally broad in an attempt to
capture all aspects of the topic. Our definition does not differentiate between traditional and
high-technology sectors because new production processes and materials can also transform
traditional industries such as the automotive sector.
Advances in science and technology and the convergence of these technologies are a
critical building block of advanced manufacturing. The framework therefore highlights the role
of breakthroughs in physics, chemistry, materials science, and biology, as well as the
convergence of these disciplines, as the drivers for advanced manufacturing. Advances in
computational modeling and prediction, in conjunction with exponential increases in
computation power, also aid this effort. However, we do not assume that advances in
As the framework depicted in Figure 1
illustrates, advanced manufacturing
involves one or more of the following
elements:
Advanced products—Advanced
products refer to technologically complex
products, new materials, products with
highly sophisticated designs, and other
innovative products (Zhou et al. 2009;
Rahman 2008).
Advanced processes and technologies--
Advanced manufacturing may incorporate a
new way of accomplishing the “how to” of
production, where the focus is creating
advanced processes and technologies.
Smart manufacturing and enterprise
concepts—In recent years, manufacturing has
been conceptualized as a system that goes
beyond the factory floor, and paradigms of
“manufacturing as an ecosystem” have emerged.
The term “smart” encompasses enterprises that
create and use data and information throughout
the product life cycle with the goal of creating
flexible manufacturing processes that respond
rapidly to changes in demand at low cost to the
firm without damage to the environment. The
concept necessitates a life-cycle view, where
products are designed for efficient production
and recyclability.
4. A Paper Presentation On “Trends in Advanced manufacturing Processes”.
SVERI’s College of Engineering,Pandharpur 4
manufacturing are solely driven by breakthroughs. Because substantive, incremental advances
can lead to as much innovation in manufacturing as breakthrough advances, breakthrough
innovation is not a prerequisite for change that improves the society and economy.
Figure 1. Advanced manufacturing is a multifaceted concept.
There is increasing convergence between manufacturing and services. With manufacturers
integrating new “smart” service business models enabled through embedded software, wireless
connectivity, and online services, there is now less of a distinction between the two sectors
than before. Customers are demanding connected product “experiences” rather than just a
product, and service companies such as Amazon have entered the realm of manufacturing
(with its Kindle electronic reader).
Advanced processes and production technologies are often needed to produce advanced
products and vice versa (Wang 2007). For example, “growing” an integrated circuit or a
biomedical sensor requires advanced functionality and complexity, which requires new
approaches to manufacturing at the micro scale and the nano scale.. Similarly, simulation tools
can be used not only for making production processes more efficient, but also for addressing
model life-cycle issues for green manufacturing.
Key framework conditions that set the stage for advances in manufacturing include
government investments, availability of a high-performance workforce, intellectual property
(IP) regimes (national patent systems), cultural factors, and regulations (Zhou et al. 2009;
Kessler, Mittlestadt, and Russell 2007). Also critical to manufacturing are capital, especially
early stage venture capital (VC); a workforce knowledgeable in science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines; immigration policies; and industry
standards. Demographics play a role: emerging economies tend to have younger populations,
and more advanced economies are aging rapidly. These factors are relevant in a globalized
marketplace, where national policies drive firm-level decision-making around investment
levels in R&D, training, and location of research and manufacturing facilities.
Advanced Manufacturing is not a static entity; rather, it is a moving frontier. What
was considered advanced decades ago (pocket-sized personal digital assistants) is now
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traditional, and what is advanced today (portable high-density lithium-ion batteries) will be
considered mainstream in the future.
C. Converging Trends in Advanced Manufacturing:-
Over the past few decades, manufacturing has gone from a highly labor-intensive set of
mechanical processes to an increasingly sophisticated set of informationtechnology- intensive
processes. This trend will continue to accelerate as advances in manufacturing are made. Several
broad trends that are changing the face of manufacturing globally are beginning to converge. We
consulted experts from academia, government, and industry to identify the broad trends that
define these future changes. They identified five large-scale trends applicable to the
manufacturing sector:
Ubiquitous role of information technology
Reliance on modeling and simulation in the manufacturing process
Acceleration of innovation in supply-chain management
Move toward rapid changeability of manufacturing in response to customer needs and
external impediments
Acceptance and support of sustainable manufacturing
These trends allow for tighter integration of R&D and production, mass customization,
increased automation, and focus on environmental concerns. These trends are not mutually
exclusive. This chapter examines these five trends independently and then discusses how
their convergence accelerates the emergence of advanced manufacturing enterprises that
leverage the trends to their business advantage. Finally, we explain how these trends
contributed to the selection of the four technologies that exemplify how advanced
manufacturing will change over the coming years.
A. Information Technology:-
The first major trend in advanced manufacturing is the increased use of information
technology. Numerous examples of information technology exist in the domain of
manufacturing, including its support of digital-control systems, asset-management software,
computer-aided design (CAD), energy information systems, and integrated sensing—see
sidebar on the next page for an example (SMLC 2011).
B. Modeling and Simulation
The second major trend in advanced manufacturing is the use of modeling and simulation
across the product life cycle, which may include the development of products, processes,
plants, or supply chains. In contrast to information and technology, which primarily drives
speed, efficiency, and quality control in production, modeling and simulation approaches
are frequently used to move quickly from the design to production stage.
Simulation-based methods for engineering design and analysis have been in development
for over 40 years, and they have fundamentally changed the way products are designed (Glotzer
et al. 2009). Specific examples include finite-element analysis for solids and computational fluid
dynamics for modeling how fluids move in a designed component (Sanders 2011).
Unfortunately, limited attention has been directed at developing comparable manufacturing
design and analysis capabilities, and as a result, there is a significant gap in the system
engineering tool kit that can be usedto optimize producibility.
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C. Innovation of Global Supply-Chain Management:-
The third major trend in advanced manufacturing is the management of complex global supply
chains. Over the past two decades, several trends have led to more complicated supply chains,
among them increasing demand for high-technology goods, globalization, decreasing logistics
and communication costs, and the growth of ecommerce (Macher and Mowery 2008). The
management of these supply chains is enabled by advances in information technology, such as
enterprise resource planning software and radio frequency identification (RFID) technology in
logisticsAs supply chains have globalized and become more complex, business executives
have become more concerned with the associated risks (Kouvelis, Chambers, and Wang
Innovative supply-chain management reduces the time to fulfill customer orders.
For example, while a typical product might be manufactured in a day or two, passing that
product through supply and distribution chains often takes a month or two. Thus, improving
the organization and structure of the supply chain can matter more than increasing efficiency
within the factory . If manufacturing begins to move toward more distributed, decentralized
production, supply-chain management and innovation will matter even more.
D. Changeability of Manufacturing:-
A fourth trend is the move toward rapid changeability of manufacturing to meet customer needs
and respond to external impediments (Wiendahl et al. 2007). Here, “changeability” is used as an
overarching term that encompasses the terms that typically describe existing paradigms of
changing production capacity. Among these terms are “flexibility” “reconfigurability”
“transformability” . The hierarchy of these terms, shown in Figure 3 .
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Figure 3. Schematic of changeability at various product and factory production levels.
The product hierarchy, beginning with the highest level on the ordinate includes the
entire product portfolio offered by a company. Moving down the y-axis, the portfolio is
reduced to its smaller constituents, beginning with products, then subproducts, workpieces, and
ultimately down to individual features. Similarly, the production-level hierarchy at its highest
level along the abscissa is the network, which includes the entire geographically separated
production enterprise linked through the supply chain. Moving down the hierarchy presents
smaller and smaller production units from site level (i.e., factory), to segment level (e.g.,
facilities for assembly, quality measurement, or packing), to cell or system level (a working
area) that produces workpieces and the stations that affect feature-level changes.
D) Non- Traditional Machining Processes (Advanced Manufacturing Processes):-
Non-traditional manufacturing processes is defined as a group of processes that remove
excess material by various techniques involving mechanical, thermal, electrical or chemical
energy or combinations of these energies but do not use a sharp cutting tools as it needs to be
used for traditional manufacturing processes.
Extremely hard and brittle materials are difficult to machine by traditional machining processes
such as turning, drilling, shaping and milling. Non traditional machining processes, also called
advanced manufacturing processes, are employed where traditional machining processes are
not feasible, satisfactory or economical due to special reasons as outlined below.
• Very hard fragile materials difficult to clamp for traditional machining
• When the work piece is too flexible or slender
• When the shape of the part is too complex
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Several types of non-traditional machining processes have been developed to meet extra
required machining conditions. When these processes are employed properly, they offer
many advantages over non-traditional machining processes. The common non-traditional
machining processes are described in this section.
i) Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)
Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most widely used non-traditional
machining processes. The main attraction of EDM over traditional machining processes such
as metal cutting using different tools and grinding is that this technique 8tilizes
thermoelectric process to erode undesired materials from the work piece by a series of
discrete electrical sparks between the work piece and the electrode. A picture of EDM
machine in operation is shown in Figure 1.
Fig 4:- Electrical Discharge Machining
The traditional machining processes rely on harder tool or abrasive material to remove the
softer material whereas non-traditional machining processes such as EDM uses electrical
spark or thermal energy to erode unwanted material in order to create desired shape. So, the
hardness of the material is no longer a dominating factor for EDM process.
Fig 4.1:- Electrical Discharge Machining
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EDM removes material by discharging an electrical current, normally stored in a capacitor
bank, across a small gap between the tool (cathode) and the workpiece (anode) typically in
the order of 50 volts/10amps.
A schematic of an EDM process is shown in Figure 2, where the tool and the
workpiece are immersed in a dielectric fluid.
Application of EDM :-
The EDM process has the ability to machine hard, difficult-to-machine materials. Parts with
complex, precise and irregular shapes for forging, press tools, extrusion dies, difficult internal
shapes for aerospace and medical applications can be made by EDM process. Some of the
shapes made by EDM process are shown in Figure 3.
Fig: 4.2 Application of EDM
Dielectric fluids :-
Dielectric fluids used in EDM process are hydrocarbon oils, kerosene and deionised water.
The functions of the dielectric fluid are to:
• Act as an insulator between the tool and the workpiece.
• Act as coolant.
• Act as a flushing medium for the removal of the chips.
The electrodes for EDM process usually are made of graphite, brass, copper and
coppertungsten alloys.
ii) Wire EDM :-
EDM, primarily, exists commercially in the form of die-sinking machines and wire-cutting
machines (Wire EDM). The concept of wire EDM is shown in Figure 4. In this process, a
slowly moving wire travels along a prescribed path and removes material from the
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workpiece. Wire EDM uses electro-thermal mechanisms to cut electrically conductive
materials. The material is removed by a series of discrete discharges between the wire
electrode and the workpiece in the presence of dieelectirc fluid, which creates a path for each
discharge as the fluid becomes ionized in the gap. The area where discharge takes place is
heated to extremely high temperature, so that the surface is melted and removed. The
removed particles are flushed away by the flowing dielectric fluids.
The wire EDM process can cut intricate components for the electric and aerospace
industries. This non-traditional machining process is widely used to pattern tool steel for die
manufacturing
Fig 5: Wire EDM
The wires for wire EDM is made of brass, copper, tungsten, molybdenum. Zinc or brass
coated wires are also used extensively in this process. The wire used in this process should
posses high tensile strength and good electrical conductivity. Wire EDM can also employ to
cut cylindrical objects with high precision.
3D Printing:-
Invented by a man named Chuck Hull back in 1986, 3D printing is a process of
taking a digital 3D model and turning that digital file into a physical object. While Hull went
on to launch one of the world’s largest 3-D printer manufacturers, 3D Systems, his invention
concentrated solely on a fabrication process called Stereolithography (SLA). Since that time
numerous other 3D printing technologies have been developed, such as Fused Deposition
Modeling (FDM)/Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS),
PolyJetting and others, all of which rely on layer-by-layer fabrication and are based on a
computer code fed to the printer.
While there are numerous technologies which can be used to 3D print an object, the
majority of 3D printers one will find within a home or an office setting are based on the
FDM/FFF or SLA processes, as these technologies are currently cheaper and easier to
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implement within a machine. We will go further into detail about these technologies and
others a little bit later.
‘3D printing’ can also be referred to as ‘additive manufacturing,’ especially when
referring to its use within a manufacturing setting, and many individuals will used both
phrases interchangeably.
Fig 6:- 3-D Printer
How Do 3D Printers Work?
This is a broad question, which was partially explained in the section above. With that
said, the best way to really understand how 3D printing works is to understand the various
technologies involved. Similarly to the way that engines function based on some of the same
principles as one another, but don’t all use gasoline or solar power, all 3D printers don’t use
the same base technology, but still manage to accomplish the same basic tasks. Before we get
into each of these individual technologies, however, one should understand the basic
principles of transferring a 3D model on a computer screen to a 3D printer.
Computers are not like humans; they can’t just look at a 3D model and simply tell
their friend ‘Mr. 3D Printer’ what to print. Lot’s of 1s and 0s are involved, meaning lots and
lots of computer code. Once a 3D model is designed or simply downloaded off of a
repository likeThingiverse, the file (these usually have extensions such as 3MF, STL, OBJ,
PLY, etc.) must be converted into something called G-code.
G-code is a numerical control computer language used mainly for computer
aided manufacturing (both subtractive and additive manufacturing). It is a language which
tells a machine how to move. Without G-code there would be no way for the computer to
communicate where to deposit, cure or sinter a material during the fabrication process.
Programs such as Slic3r are required in order to convert 3D model files into G-code. Once
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the G-code is created it can be sent to the 3D printer, providing a blueprint as to what its next
several thousand moves will consist of. These steps all add up to the complete fabrication of a
physical object. There are other computer languages out there and perhaps many will
eventually gain popularity, but for now G-code is by far the most important.
3D Printing Uses:-
i) Medicine:
3D printed models of human organs have been a frequent tool for surgeons over the last two
to three years, as they provide a more intricate view of the issues at hand. Instead of relying
on 2D and 3D images on a computer screen or a printout, surgeons can actually touch and
feel physical replicas of the patient’s organs, bone structures, or whatever else they are about
to work on.
ii) Aerospace:
Because of the unique geometries offered by additive manufacturing, militaries around the
world, as well as agencies such as NASA and the ESA, along with numerous aircraft
manufacturers are turning to 3D printing in order to reduce the overall weight of their aircraft.
Complex geometries and new materials offer superior strength with less mass, potentially
saving organizations like NASA boatloads of fuel, and thus money, during the launching of
spacecraft and/or rockets out of our atmosphere
iii) Prototyping:
Manufacturing facilities across the globe are using 3D printing as a way to reduce costs, save
time, and produce better products. By no longer needing to outsource the prototyping of
parts, companies are able to quickly iterate upon designs on the fly, oftentimes saving weeks
of waiting for third parties to return molds or prototypes.
Three types of 3-D printers
FDM or fused deposition modelling
STL or stereo lithography
powder deposition printing