2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I have taken efforts in this assignment. However, it would not have been possible without
the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my
sincere thanks to all of them.
I take this opportunity to Thank my faculty MR MURALIDHARAN SIR , who made each of
the classes interesting and informative. His suggestions on doing this assignment was really
helpful.
I am highly indebted to MR.MURALI sir for his guidance and constant supervision as well as
for providing necessary information regarding the assignment & also for their support in
completing the assignment.
I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to travel industries for giving me
necessary information through websites.
My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleague in developing the assignment and
people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.
3. INTRODUCTION
The travel industry caters to recreational, leisure and business
travelers.
The travel sector covers the following services:
• Transportation services (such as cruise ships, airlines and taxis)
• Hospitality services (including accommodation in hotels and resorts)
• Entertainment services (in casinos, amusement parks, shopping
malls and the theatre)
A travel agency is a private retailer or public service that provides
travel and tourism related services to the public on behalf of
suppliers such as activities, airlines, car rentals, cruise lines, hotels,
railways, travel insurance, and package tours.
6. ENGLAND
CAPITAL - LONDON
NATION LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
REGIONAL LANGUAGE - CORNISH
RELIGION - CHURCH OF ENGLAND
MONARCHY - QUEEN ELIZABETH II
CURRENCY - POUND STERLING
MAJOR CITIES - LONDON,BIRMINGHAM,
MANCHESTOR,GLASSGOW,LIVERPOOL
“LAND OF ANGLES”
9. Stonehenge, just 10 mi north of Salisbury on Salisbury Plain, is Britain's most famous
ancient monument, and one of its most popular tourist attractions (the site is so popular
visitors need to purchase a timed ticket in advance to guarantee entry).Covering 8 sq. mi,
the "hanging stones" were placed here from 3000-1500 BC. The Bronze Age stone
circles visible today were in use until the Roman era, when they were destroyed to prevent
cults like the Druids from influencing the population. An excellent Visitor Centre is home to
informative exhibitions, and includes a shop and café.
Location: Shrewton, Wiltshire
1. Stonehenge
10. Windsor Castle has served as the summer residence of British Royals since
William the Conqueror built the first fortress here in 1078. The largest inhabited castle
in the world, Windsor Castle is built around two spectacular courtyards, and entrance
fees include admission to the State Apartments (closed when The Queen's at home,
so check whether the royal flag's flying). Also of note is the wonderful Great Park, a
magnificent 6 mi-long park that most North American visitors will already have seen
from the air as they fly into Heathrow. And, of course, no visit to a royal palace would
be complete without witnessing the Changing the Guard in the Castle Precincts.
Location: The Official Residences of The Queen, Windsor
2. Windsor Castle
11. UK TRAVEL LAWS AND REGULATIONS
How long can I stay without a visa?
• If you’re from an English-speaking country, no visa is required for the UK, and visitors can stay up to
six months.
What’s the local currency? Do they take credit
cards?
• Unlike the rest of Europe, the UK has refused to go over to the euro, because their currency, Great
British Pounds, is so strong. They accept euros at some shops, but you get your change in pounds.
You will get money out of an ATM in pounds, and you will often be charged a foreign transaction fee
of about three percent by your bank, whether you get cash out or use a credit card.
12. How do I get around?
• Whether you are traveling to England alone or as part of
a tour, it is likely that you will want to take a ride in one of
the famous London black cabs.
• Your best bet if you are in central London for longer than a
few days is to get an Oyster Card as it’s cheaper and all you
have to do is swipe it to get on all the buses and the Tube
(what they call the subway).
• Trains to cities all over the UK are common and easy to use.
13. Booking Flights from London to India
There are three airports that serve London: Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted.
Travelers can book tickets to travel to India from London either directly with
the airline they want to fly with or with the travel agents. Both ways have
their own merits and demerits.
The airlines as well as travel agents sell tickets online on their websites or
through their call centers and from time to time also promote special offers
for travelers.
14. RULES TO KEEP IN MIND!!
What customs could get me in trouble if I don’t follow them?
• As you may know, in the UK, they drive on the left. If you’re driving locally, make sure you do,
too!
• They also walk or stand on the left, so you need to as well unless you’re passing others,
especially on escalators.
• Putting your fork and knife together in the middle of the plate is the only way to acknowledge
you are finished eating.
Is it safe? Should I buy travel insurance?
• England as a rule is quite safe, but please do take all the usual precautions, especially if you
are in the larger cities.
Will my cell phone work there ?
• Like many foreign countries, it will be far cheaper for you to buy or bring a small cell phone
with no bells and whistles and get a local number than it will be for you to use your own cell
phone — which will likely cost hundreds of dollars in extra roaming charges and fees before
you are done
15. TRAVEL DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR ENGLAND
Standard Visitor visa
• You can apply for a Standard Visitor visa if you want to visit the
UK:
• for leisure, for example on holiday or to see your family and
friends
• for business, or to take part in sports or creative events
• for another reason, for example to receive private medical
treatment.
How long it will take
• The earliest you can apply is 3 months before you travel.
How long you can stay
• You can usually stay in the UK for up to 6 months.
Fees
• A Standard Visitor visa costs £89
16. • a current passport or other valid travel identification
• evidence that you can support yourself during your trip, such as bank statements or
pay slips from the last 6 months
• You need a page in your passport that’s blank on both sides for your visa. Your
passport must be valid for the whole of your stay in the UK.
• You’ll also need to provide a certified translation of any documents that aren’t in
English or Welsh.
• Biometric enrolment is mandatory for issue of 5 years Tourist visa.
• Passport valid for a minimum of 180 days with at least two blank pages.
• Correct visa fee.
• Two recent 50 mm * 50 mm size photographs. Please check the Photo Specification.
• Duly filled online Application form and Declaration with signatures.(Printed and duly
signed).
DOCUMENTS TO PROVIDE
18. History OF THAILAND
In the ninth century B.C., Mon and Khmer people established kingdoms that included large areas of what
is now Thailand.
Much of what these people absorbed from contacts with South Asian peoples—religious, social, political,
and cultural ideas and institutions—later influenced the development of Thailand’s culture and national
identity.
In the second century B.C., the Hindu-led state of Funan in present-day Cambodia and central Thailand
had close commercial contact with India and was a base for Hindu merchant-missionaries.
In the southern Isthmus of Kra, Malay city-states controlled routes used by traders and travelers
journeying between India and Indochina (present-day Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam)
19. MAJOR TOURIST ATTRACTIONS
RAILAY BEACH FLOATING MARKET THE GRAND PALACE
SUNDAY WALKING STREET KHAO YAI NATIONAL PARK HISTORIC CITY OF AYUTTHAYA
20. The grounds are a maze of royal halls, temples, and ancient relics, the most important
being Wat Phra Kaeo, Temple of the Emerald Buddha. A relic within this temple is said
to be a piece of bone or hair from the enlightened Buddha himself. Allow several hours to
do the Grand Palace justice, but if you're up for more walking afterward, you can easily
take in some of the city's other major landmarks. The famous Wat Po and Wat Arun, the
Temple of the Dawn (a great place to watch the sunset), are also nearby. And as
Bangkok is a main hub for international travel, it's a great starting point for excursions
throughout the country.
1.The Grand Palace, Bangkok
21. 2.Historic City of Ayutthaya
Ayutthaya presents a glimpse into the glory of ancient Thailand, where visitors can wander the haunting
but romantic ruins of the former capital. After the Sukhothai period, the city was the most important in
Thailand, and the old palaces and temples stand as a testament to this. There are also several foreign
settlements, where you can gain a greater understanding of the influence other countries had in Thailand
at the time. Ayutthaya is located only a short bus trip or train ride from Bangkok, making it convenient for
a day trip if you're pressed for time. If you're on a more leisurely schedule, plan on spending a few days
in the ancient capital and rent a push-bike to tour both the old city and the new.
22. TRAVEL LAWS AND REGULATIONS
Visa Laws in Thailand:
If you overstay your visa, you can actually be detained at the immigration detention center.
If however you make it to the airport, you simply pay your overstay fine, and off you go. We'd
rather you be safe than sorry, so make sure your visa is in order.
Drinking Laws in Thailand:
The drinking age in Thailand is 20.
Drinking alcohol is illegal in the following locations in Thailand:
• Temples or places of worship
• Pharmacies
• Public offices
• Education institutions
• Petrol stations
• Public parks
Passports and Thai Law
Thai law requires that tourists have their ID on them at all times, but never leave your
passport with anyone when renting a motorcycle or jet ski. They want it not for ID, but
because it's so valuable it guarantees you'll return. Give them a photocopy, or other photo ID
and a substantial cash deposit instead.
23. CUSTOM RULES
Thailand is a Buddhist country where Buddha images
are held sacred. Sacrilegious acts are punishable by
imprisonment even if committed by foreign visitors.
Thai people hold their King and Queen and the Royal
Family in great reverence, and so won't tolerate
foreigners showing disrespect to them.
Generally Thai women are conservative. So don't touch
them without their consent.
Dress properly when entering a Buddhist temple.
Miniskirts and shorts are not allowed. Take your shoes
off before going inside the hall of worship. Ladies must
not on any account touch a Buddhist monk, give things
direct to him or receive things direct from him.
Intimacies between man and woman should not be
shown in public. Sunbathing in the nude is prohibited.
Call Thais their first names; use the title "Khun" for
adults
24. VISA INFORMATION
The following information about Thailand's visa information is obtained from the
Office of the Immigration Bureau, Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Tourist Visa Exemption
• The Thai government allows nationals from 41 countries and 1 special
administrative region to stay in Thailand for tourism purpose for up to 30 days
without an entry visa.
• List of 41 countries are as follows:
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam,
Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hong Kong, Iceland, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan,
Korea, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Monaco, Netherlands,
New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Qatar,
Singapore, Spain, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, USA, Vietnam.
25. TRAVEL DOCUMENTS FOR THAILAND
Documents required:
1. Passport or travel document with validity
not less than 6 months
2. Visa application form completely filled out
3. One recent photograph (4x6 cm)
4. Confirmed air ticket paid in full
5. Evidence of adequate finance
(10,000 Baht per person and 20,000 Baht
per family)
Visa fee: 1,000 baht per entry
(The fee may be changed without prior
notice.)
Validity of stay: 30 days or 60 days for
nationals of countries on Thailand's Tourist
Visa Exemption List
26. FLY TO THAILAND
Flights to Thailand are available from several national and
international carriers. The national airlines
THAI(www.thaiairways.com) which flies from dozens of international
locations.
Bangkok airways (www.bangkokairways.com) offer international
flights to and from and international destinations within Asia.
MAJOR AIRPORTS ARE:
• Phuket International Airport
• Don Muang Airport, Bangkok
• Suvarnabhumi International Airport
• Samui Airport, Surat Thani
• Chiangmai International Airport
• Hatyai International Airport, Songkla
27. My name is POOJA.I work forTHOMAS COOK.
I have a service experience of 3yrs.
Thomas Cook (India) Ltd (TCIL) is the leading integrated travel and travel related financial services company in
the country offering a broad spectrum of services that include Foreign Exchange, Corporate Travel, MICE, Leisure
Travel, Insurance, Visa & Passport services and E-Business. The company set up its first office in India in 1881.
AWARDS:
Best Tour Operator – Outbound for the third time in a row &
Best Company providing Foreign Exchange for the second
time at the CNBC AWAAZ Travel Awards 2015
Favorite Outbound Tour Operator” at the Outlook Traveler
Awards 2015
28. ITINERARY
A CLIENT NAMED MR KRISHNAN(32yrs) WALKS IN.HE WANTS TO PLAN A TRIP TO LONDON
& THAILAND ALONG WITH HIS FAMILY.
HIS FAMILY MEMBERS INCLUDES MRS KRISHNAN(27yrs),TWO SONS- RAHUL(14yrs) AND
ROHIT(10yrs).
CLIENT REQUIREMENTS
BUDGET TRAVEL
TRIP TO BE COMPLETED IN 20 DAYS
HINDU VEG MEALS
CONVINIENT MODE OF TRANSPORTATION
ORDER OF TRAVEL
NEWDELHI BANGKOK LONDON
35. PLANNING THE TRIP!!
THAILAND
4 NIGHTS / 5 DAYS
PRICE : INR 29,999
INCLUSIONS
02 nights in Pattaya
02 nights in Bangkok
Daily Breakfast
Coral Island in Pattaya
Half day city tour in Bangkok
Return airport transfers
Return economy class airfare
36. INDICATIVE ITINERARY
DAY 1: ARRIVE AT BANGKOK
Departure from New Delhi. Upon arrival at Bangkok airport, Our local representative will take
you to the Pattaya, Check in Pattaya Hotel, Rest and relax rest of the day at Leisure
DAY 2: CORAL ISLAND
Breakfast at Hotel, Then proceed for Coral island tour in Pattaya, Then get back to hotel,
evening at leisure.
DAY 3: PATTAYA-BANGKOK
Breakfast at Hotel, then check out from Pattaya Hotel, Then proceed for Bangkok, Check in
hotel, Rest of the day at leisure
DAY 4: BANGKOK (CITY TOUR)
Breakfast at hotel, Then proceed for Half day city tour in Bangkok, Rest of the day at Leisure.
DAY 5: BANGKOK – LONDON
Breakfast at Hotel rest and relax, check out from hotel, in afternoon you will proceed for
Bangkok airport to catch flight to London.
41. PLANNING THE TRIP!!
UNITED KINGDOM
UNITED KINGDOM - 8 NIGHTS / 9 DAYS
Rs.1,03,999
INCLUSIONS
3 Nights London
2 Nights Edinburgh
2 Nights Glasgow
1 Night Liverpool
Daily breakfast at hotel
Essential London Morning Tour
London Eye
Madame Tussade Entry
42. INDICATIVE ITINERARY
DAY 1: ARRIVAL AT LONDON
Arrive at London , Go through the emigration formalities, Come outside and take your own
transfer to your previously booked hotel. Today visit Madame Tussauds and Marvel Super
Heroes 4D ( only entry ticket) Madame Tussauds is one of London's hottest attractions. Its both
visually immersive and interactive and should be top of your list when visiting London. As you
wander around Madame Tussauds you will stumble across an endless number of famous faces
including David Beckham, Kylie Minogue, President Bush, Tony Blair and many more. You can
also interact with the model celebrities, for example, you can be there when David Beckham
prepares to take one of his famous free kicks and feel the beat of his heart and tremble as the
floor vibrates beneath your feet!! Then you can go through to the London Stardom and explore
this interactive show dome. You will also get to experience 'Scream' which is a maximum security
prison taken over by the unhinged inmates, their mission is to give you nightmares. This is not
suitable for children under the aged of 12 or for people of a nervous disposition. Now also
offering a new visitor experience Marvel Super Heroes 4D that will bring to life some of the
world's best loved Super Heroes through a mix of 4D animation, interactive themed areas and
startling realistic Madame Tussauds wax figures.
43. DAY 2: LONDON ESSENTIAL LONDON MORNING TOUR
The tour begins with a panoramic drive around Parliament Square, to see Westminster Abbey, where many of our
Kings, Queens, Statesmen, poets and writers are buried. See Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament. Then heading
to St James' Park and Buckingham Palace to see the colorful ceremony of the Changing of the Guard; accompanied
by a military band, a detachment of the Queen's Foot Guard march to Buckingham Palace in their bearskins and red
tunics, and change with the Old Guard. The tour finishes at Trafalgar Square at around 12.00pm. Your guide will be
happy to give you suggestions for lunch and transportation back to your hotel. This Panoramic London morning tour
will feature the Royal family from 01 April 2011 to 31 March 2012. Instead of driving through London's Theatre
District and Piccadilly, In celebration of this exciting day, the Royal Wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton
held on 29th April at Westminster Abbey, our morning panoramic tour of London will include much of the Royal
Wedding Procession Route from Clarence House to Westminster Abbey.
DAY 3: LONDON
Merlin Entertainment's London Eye ( only entry ticket)
Take a flight on Merlin Entertainment's London Eye, a visually striking structure and the world's largest observation
wheel. As you ascend over the Thames you will see London's famous streets, churches, palaces and monuments
spread out below in a panoramic scene giving you a new perspective of a great city! On a clear day the views can
stretch as far as 25 miles to Windsor Castle. Visitor to the London Eye can now experience a four minute 4D film
focused on the journey of a little girl and her father in London in which they visit the London Eye and enjoy a
spectacular take on the capital. Their experience is brought to life with vibrant 3D images of colorful parties and
events inside the London Eye capsules, dramatic firework displays, a snowfall over the city, revolutionary aerial
footage of other iconic landmarks and sophisticated, fun 4D effects. Visitors will feel like they are really there.
Overnight stay.
44. DAY 4: LONDON - EDINBURG
Breakfast at hotel, Check out & own transfer to Train station board the train to Edinburg. Day is at leisure.
DAY 5: EDINBURG
Edinburg City Sightseeing
Capital of Scotland since the 15th Century, Edinburgh stands on seven hills creating the dramatic skyline of this lively
cosmopolitan city. What better way to see this fantastic city than from the top of a City Sightseeing Tour Bus. Marvel at the
impenetrable Castle Rock and hear about the attempts to capture Edinburgh Castle, see the Royal Mile which joins Edinburgh
Castle to the Palace of Hollywood House and discover the fascinating history of this amazing city.
DAY 6 : EDINBURG- LIVERPOOL
Breakfast, Check out & proceed by own to the train station to board the train to Glasgow. Own transfer to hotel for your
overnight stay.
DAY 7: LIVERPOOL
Breakfast at Hotel. Check out & own transfer to Trains station, board the train to London,
Catch the Return flight to New Delhi.
Bon Voyages!!
47. HOW IS THE ITINERARY PREPARED BY ME GOOD FOR
THE CLIENT?
The countries that are selected for the client travel is THAILAND
& ENGLAND. Both the countries are rich in heritage value and are
among the best tourist destinations in the world. The whole trip
will be fun loaded and money worthy for the client.
49. IATA
Headquarters: Montreal, Canada
CEO: Alexandre de Juniac (1 Sep 2016–)
Founded: 19 April 1945,Havana,Cuba
Membership: 278 airlines (2017)
Formation: Cuba
International Air Transport Association
50. HISTORY
IATA was founded in Havana, Cuba, on 19 April 1945. It
is the prime vehicle for inter-airline cooperation in
promoting safe, reliable, secure and economical air
services - for the benefit of the world's consumers. The
international scheduled air transport industry is more
than 100 times larger than it was in 1945. Few industries
can match the dynamism of that growth, which would
have been much less spectacular without the standards,
practices and procedures developed within IATA.
At its founding, IATA had 57 members from 31 nations, mostly in Europe and
North America. Today it has some 275 members from 117 nations in every part of
the globe.
51. OBJECTIVES OF IATA
The IATA’s mission is “to represent, lead and serve the airline in representing the Industry.
The main objectives of IATA as per the Articles of the association of IATA are:
1. To promote safe, regular and commercial air transport for the benefits of the
people of the world, to foster air commerce and to study the problems connected
therewith.
2. To provide means foe collaboration among the air transport enterprises engaged
directly or indirectly in international air transport services.
3. To cooperate with the international Civil Aviation Organization and other
international organization.
4. To provide common platforms for travel agencies or tour operators.
5. To promote and develop international tourism.
52. FUNCTIONS OF IATA
Its main function is the economic regulation of international air transportation, in particular international
rates and fares that are subject to unanimous resolutions of the carriers, provided that the countries do
not object.
IATA seeks to be a neutral, intermediary to develop standards which facilitate cooperation among travel
industry enterprises.
IATA has standardized the air ticket system and the travel agent appointment system, and created a
financial dispute settlement system.
IATA is also the provider of the three letter airline city codes system and a two letter airline code system
recognized as the standards for communicating airport and flight information the world over.
In 1979 IATA was reorganized into two divisions:
Trade Association dealing with technical, legal, financial, traffic services and most agency matters
Tariff Coordination addressing passenger fares and cargo rates, and agents' commissions. Approximately
100 Members, including the world's largest airlines, participate in Tariff Coordination.
53. The Universal Federation of Travel Agents Association (UFTAA) is a federation of
national associations of travel agents and tour operators and is the largest world body
representing the travel industry. The Universal Federation of Travel Agents Association
represents 114 National Associations and additional Affiliate members in a total of 121
countries. UFTAA has consultative status with the UN/NGO/ECOSOC, and works
closely with other world bodies such as UNESCO, WHO for a sustainable
development and responsible tourism.
54. HISTORY OF UFTAA
In the 1960s at the dawn of mass tourism, a few tourism professionals with great foresight
saw the need of a global umbrella organization for the travel agency industry. By merger of
Fédération international des agencies de voyages (FIAV) and Universal Organization of Travel
Agents' Associations (UOTAA), the Universal Federation of Travel Agents ‘Associations (UFTAA)
was formed on November 22nd 1966 in Rome. Its first President was an Italian, Giuliano
Magnoni, later followed by 24 leading personalities from all parts of the world. The federation
was later renamed United Federation of Travel Agents´ Associations, still known under the
same well-established acronym UFTAA.
As a globally recognized body UFTAA is the longest established negotiating partner with the
leading travel and tourism organizations in the world. Of a special importance is the close co-
operation with IATA, representing the interest of individual travel agents and as a partner in
the IATA-UFTAA Training Programme.
55. AIMS OF UFTAA
To unite and consolidate the federations of Travel Agents National Associations
and to globally enhance the interests of their members
To represent the travel agents activities before various world-wide bodies,
governmental authorities and suppliers
To Work towards the adoption of measures that will ease travel for the
consumer and to offer services to its member federations
To be an investigation and information center supporting the member
federation work and to offer information for technological development
To offer, as a voluntary mechanism, an arbitration service which assists in
solving conflicts resulting from commercial relation for which amicable
settlement cannot be reached.
56. The Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) is a membership association working to promote
the responsible development of travel and tourism in the Asia Pacific region.
Founded in 1951, the Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) is a not-for profit association
that is internationally acclaimed for acting as a catalyst for the responsible development of
travel and tourism to, from and within the Asia Pacific region.
The Association provides aligned advocacy, insightful research and innovative events to its
member organizations, comprising 95 government, state and city tourism bodies, 25
international airlines and airports, 108 hospitality organizations, 72 educational
institutions, and hundreds of travel industry companies in Asia Pacific and beyond.
Thousands of travel professionals belong to the 36 local PATA chapters worldwide.
57. AIMS OF PATA
To capture the attention of air travel industry for the development pacific area.
To change pacific area as famous tourists destinations.
To bring all the PATA does members to develop a closer working relationship
and a better understand.
To obtain uniformity among the members.
To play a role of leadership to lead the PATA members combined effort to
attain the national and local people.
To obtain opinions of its members on any objectives or on any subjects as
required by PATA.
58. ACTIVITIES OF PATA
In partnership with private and public sector members, PATA enhances the sustainable
growth, value and quality of travel and tourism to-from-and-within, the region.
The Association provides leadership and counsel on an individual and collective basis to its
member organizations, comprising 95 government, state and city tourism bodies, 25
international airlines and airports, 108 hospitality organizations, 72 educational institutions,
and hundreds of travel industry companies in Asia Pacific and beyond.
PATA’s Strategic Intelligence Centre (SIC) offers unrivalled data and insights including Asia
Pacific inbound and outbound statistics, analyses and forecasts as well as in-depth reports
on strategic tourism markets
PATA’s events create millions of dollars of new business each year for its members
The PATA Foundation contributes to the sustainable and responsible development of travel
and tourism in Asia Pacific through the protection of the environment, the conservation of
heritage and support for education.
59. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a UN specialized agency,
established by States in 1944 to manage the administration and governance of
the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention).
ICAO works with the Convention’s 191 Member States and industry groups to
reach consensus on international civil aviation Standards and Recommended
Practices (SARPs) and policies in support of a safe, efficient, secure,
economically sustainable and environmentally responsible civil aviation sector.
60. Vision and Mission
Vision:
Achieve the sustainable growth of the global civil aviation system.
Mission:
To serve as the global forum of States for international civil
aviation. ICAO develops policies and Standards, undertakes
compliance audits, performs studies and analyses, provides
assistance and builds aviation capacity through many other
activities and the cooperation of its Member States and
stakeholders.
61. OBJECTIVES
AVIATION SAFETY
Aviation safety is a key objective of ICAO and is part of the work in
the following sections and Programmes :
Aerodromes , Air Routes and Ground Aids (AGA)section
Accident Investigation and Prevention(AIG)section
Flight Safety(FLS)Section
Aviation Medicine(MED)Section
Flight Safety and Human Factors
Safety Management
Flight Safety Information Exchange(FSIX)
62. ACTIVITIES
Ensure the safe and orderly growth to international civil aviation
throughout the world.
Encourage the arts of the aircraft design and operation for the
peaceful purposes.
Encourage the development of the railways, airports and
navigation facilities for ICAO.
Meets the needs of the people of the world for safe regular
efficient, economical air transport.
63. • Signed 12 October 1929
• Location Warsaw
• Effective 13 February 1933
• Parties 152
• Depositary Government of Poland
• Language French
The Convention for the Unification of certain rules relating to international carriage by air, commonly known as
the Warsaw Convention, is an international convention which regulates liability for international carriage of persons,
luggage, or goods performed by aircraft for reward.
Originally signed in 1929 in Warsaw (hence the name), it was amended in 1955 at The Hague, Netherlands, and in
1971 in Guatemala City, Guatemala. United States courts have held that, at least for some purposes, the Warsaw
Convention is a different instrument from the Warsaw Convention as amended by the Hague Protocol.
64. AIMS OF WARSAW CONVENTION
Prevent economic waste caused by unreasonable competition.
Ensure that the rights of the contracting country has a fair
opportunity to operate international airlines
Avoid discrimination between contracting countries
Promote safety of flight in international air navigation
Promote generally the development of all aspects of International
civil aeronautics
65. ACTIVITIES
In particular, the Warsaw Convention:
mandates carriers to issue passenger tickets;
requires carriers to issue baggage checks for checked luggage;
creates a limitation period of 2 years within which a claim must be brought
(Article 29); and
limits a carrier's liability to at most:
250,000 Francs or 16,600 Special Drawing Rights (SDR) for personal injury;
17 SDR per Kilogram for checked luggage and cargo,
5,000 Francs or 332 SDR for the hand luggage of a traveler
66. MONTREAL CONVENTION
Convention for the Unification of certain rules for
international carriage by air
Signed 28 May 1999
Location Montreal, Canada
Effective 4 November 2003
Parties 120 (119 states + EU)
Depositary International Civil Aviation Organization
Languages English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish
67. OBJECTIVES
The Montreal Convention (formally, the Convention for the Unification of Certain
Rules for International Carriage by Air) is a multilateral treaty adopted by a
diplomatic meeting of ICAO member states in 1999.
It amended important provisions of the Warsaw Convention's regime concerning
compensation for the victims of air disasters.
The Convention attempts to re-establish uniformity and predictability of rules
relating to the international carriage of passengers, baggage and cargo.
Whilst maintaining the core provisions which have served the international air
transport community for several decades (i.e., the Warsaw regime), the new
treaty achieves modernization in a number of key areas.
It protects passengers by introducing a two-tier liability system that eliminates
the previous requirement of proving willful neglect by the air carrier to obtain
more than US$75,000 in damages, which should eliminate or reduce protracted
litigation
68. CHICAGO CONVENTION
Signed 7 December 1944
Location Chicago
Effective 4 April 1947
Condition 26 ratifications
Parties 191(Cook Islands and all United Nations members except Liechtenstein,
Dominica, and Tuvalu)
Depositary Government of the United States of America
Languages English, French, Spanish and Russian
69. OVERVIEW
Convention on International Civil Aviation (also known as Chicago
Convention), was signed on 7 December 1944 by 52 States.
Pending ratification of the Convention by 26 States, the
Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization (PICAO) was
established. It functioned from 6 June 1945 until 4 April 1947. By
5 March 1947 the 26th ratification was received. ICAO came into
being on 4 April 1947. In October of the same year, ICAO became
a specialized agency of the United Nations linked to Economic
and Social Council (ECOSOC).
70. AIMS OF CHICAGO CONVENTION
The Convention on International Civil Aviation set forth the purpose of ICAO:
"WHEREAS the future development of international civil aviation can greatly help
to create and preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and
peoples of the world, yet its abuse can become a threat to the general security;
and
WHEREAS it is desirable to avoid friction and to promote that co-operation
between nations and peoples upon which the peace of the world depends;
THEREFORE, the undersigned governments having agreed on certain principles
and arrangements in order that international civil aviation may be developed in a
safe and orderly manner and that international air transport services may be
established on the basis of equality of opportunity and operated soundly and
economically
71. ARTICLES
Some important articles are:
Article 1: Every state has complete and exclusive sovereignty over airspace above its territory.
Article 3 : Every other state must refrain from resorting to the use of weapons against civil aircraft in
flight.
Article 5: The aircraft of states, other than scheduled international air services, have the right to make
flights across state's territories and to make stops without obtaining prior permission. However, the
state may require the aircraft to make a landing.
Article 6: (Scheduled air services) No scheduled international air service may be operated over or into
the territory of a contracting State, except with the special permission or other authorization of that
State.
Article 10: (Landing at customs airports): The state can require that landing to be at a designated
customs airport and similarly departure from the territory can be required to be from a designated
customs airport.
72. FREEDOM OF AIR
The freedoms of the air are a set of commercial aviation rights granting a country's airlines the
privilege to enter and land in another country's airspace, formulated as a result of
disagreements over the extent of aviation liberalization in the Convention on International Civil
Aviation of 1944, known as the Chicago Convention. The United States had called for a
standardized set of separate air rights to be negotiated between states, but most other
countries were concerned that the size of the U.S. airlines would dominate air travel if there
were not strict rules. The freedoms of the air are the fundamental building blocks of the
international commercial aviation route network. The use of the terms "freedom" and "right"
confer entitlement to operate international air services only within the scope of the
multilateral and bilateral treaties (air services agreements) that allow them.
76. FOURTH FREEDOM
The third and fourth freedoms allow basic international service between two
countries.
Even when reciprocal third and fourth freedom rights are granted, air services
agreements (e.g. the Bermuda Agreements) may still restrict many aspects of
the traffic, such as the capacity of aircraft, the frequency of flights, the airlines
permitted to fly and the airports permitted to be served.
The third freedom is the right to carry passengers or cargo from one's own
country to another.
The right to carry passengers or cargo from another country to one's own is the
fourth freedom.
Third and fourth freedom rights are almost always granted simultaneously in
bilateral agreements between countries
77. FREEDOM
DESCRIPTION
(4TH FREEDOM)
EXAMPLES FLIGHT EXAMPLES
The right to fly from another country
to one's own. A flight from Chile to Brazil, flown by a
Brazilian airline.
Gol, a Brazilian airline, flies G3 9246
from Santiago (SCL) to Rio Galeão
(GIG).
78. FOURTH FREEDOM
ORIGIN- NEW DELHI(COUNTRY B)
DESTINATION- BANGKOK,THAILAND(COUNTRY A)
AIRLINE CARRIER- THAI AIRWAYS
HOME COUNTRY OF THE AIRLINE-
THAILAND
81. FIFTH FREEDOM
The fifth freedom allows an airline to carry revenue traffic between foreign countries as a part of services
connecting the airline's own country. It is the right to carry passengers from one's own country to a second
country, and from that country to a third country (and so on). An example of a fifth freedom traffic right is an
Emirates flight in 2004 from Dubai to Brisbane, Australia and onward to Auckland, New Zealand, where tickets
can be sold on any sector. Fifth freedom traffic rights are intended to enhance the economic viability of an
airline's long haul routes, but tend to be viewed by local airlines and governments as potentially unfair
competition. The negotiations for fifth freedom traffic rights can be lengthy, because in practice the approval of
at least three different nations is required
82. FIFTH FREEDOM EXAMPLES FLIGHT EXAMPLE
The right to fly between two foreign
countries on a flight originating or
ending in one's own country.
A flight from Durban, South Africa to
Windhoek, Namibia, flown by a
Namibian airline, with a full stop in
Gaborone, Botswana. Passengers
and cargo may board or disembark
the flight in Gaborone, with no
intention to continue the flight to
Windhoek.
Air Namibia, a Namibian airline, flies
SW 742 from King Shaka
International Airport (DUR) to Hosea
Kutako International Airport (WDH)
through Sir Seretse Khama
International Airport (GBE).
Passengers may disembark or
embark from Munich.
86. THOMAS COOK TOUR PACKAGE!!
Specially Designed Tour Package – Exclusive for each client.
Comparatively Lesser Fares Opted.
Leave your Documentation Worries with Us.
Star Hotels arranged for your comfortable stay
Transportation facility inside countries arranged by us.
Our hosts in each country will take you to each destination.
We offer you complimentary breakfast everyday through out the trip.
87. WHY MY PACKAGE IS OF GOOD QUALITY?
In our package we have charged less cost of travel.
We tried to include maximum destinations in a short period, and which are easy to
reach.
We also arranged host for you in each country so that you don’t have to take an
additional guide from there.
Our host in each country will take you in cab arranged by us for your convenience.
In case of your accommodation we have alliance with world famous star hotels and
they offer us special rates for our customers.
We provide you complimentary breakfast everyday of the trip and that will reduce
your expenses of food.
Your free discotheque pass and amusement park visit will give a wake up call for
the child in you.
You will feel that energy back to your life after this wonderful trip…
Enjoy your trip with us…Enjoy each moment !!!
88. COMPARISION OF THOMAS COOK AND COX & KINGS
PACKAGE THOMAS COOK COX & KINGS
COUNTRIES ENGLAND & THAILAND ENGLAND & THAILAND
NO. OF NIGHTS (8N/9D) & (4N/5D) (6N/7D) & (3N/4D)
BUDGET INR 1,33,999 INR 1,49,999
DOCUMENTS
REQD.
PASSPORT, TOURIST VISA, TO BE
BRING ON THEIR OWN.
PASSPORT, TOURIST VISA,HEALTH
CERTIFICATE,AIR TICKET TO BE
BRING ON THEIR OWN.
89. INCLUSIONS THOMAS COOK COX & KINGS
TOUR GUIDE 👍 👎
FREE TRANSPORTATION 👍 👎
FREE BREAKFAST 👍 👎
DINNER PROVIDED 👎 👎
COMPLIMENTARY TOUR 👎 👍
FREEMEMBERSHIP 👍 👎
SPECIAL DISCOUNT 👍 👎
90. CONCLUSION
From this assignment I have learnt about different aspects
about travel. Also learnt how to plan a tour and make itinerary
for the same. I have came to know about the various travel
laws about different countries. I have learned about various
travel organization around the world.
