In the mobile devices sector, cultural distance between hardware and software manufacturers does not fully hamper international technology alliance performance. This is quite surprising and in contrast to widely held assumptions in international business.
Ethiopian Pastoral Research and Devlopment network by daniel temesgenDaniel Temesgen
The Ethiopian Pastoral Research and Development Network (EPRDN) which is currently hosted by Haramaya University was established under the terms and conditions stated in Memorandum of Understanding which was signed by the different universities; pastoral research institutes and
development partners on October 25th , 2011 at Dire Dawa University. The Network was established with the aim of building and enhancing the capacity of stakeholders adapt and respond to emerging issues; changing circumstances and challenges; mobilizing and sharing resources among member organizations for coordinated research and development in pastoral areas; facilitating exchange of knowledge, skills and information on regular basis; creating a platform for designing and implementing training programs in pastoral development and support the process of pastoral- oriented curriculum development; and facilitate dissemination of technology packages and provide consultation and evidence based advice to end users.
This thesis project extends current research on how Product-Service/ Systems (PSS) increase the competitiveness of what businesses provide to society. In particular, when the significant stakeholders who create value, structured as a network, are also involved in the co- development of the value proposition. Applying the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD), this study looks at how the early stages of a strategic planning process for sustainability could improve this co-development of PSS. The field research helped to understand the particularities of co-developing PSS and how the planning process could be adapted using the FSSD. As a result, theoretical dimensions, and general guidelines to put these into practice, are recommended in a model. The theoretical dimensions were field tested and refined. It was discovered that when creating the aspirational goals of the network, including other perspectives, in addition to companies and the customer’s, could expand the perception of value available to be provided. To do so is proposed a systematic understanding of the situation, and its socio-ecological context, where the activities of the value-based network of stakeholders are performed.
The Partnership Health of ICT Projects in Developing Countries - Pacis 2009...Anand Sheombar
The basic argument of this paper is that successful contributions in developing countries that are made with, and through, ICT are partly dependent on the health of the relationship between partners. The research was conducted in 10 projects involving multinational ICT companies. It was found that problems with partner cooperation revolve around six core categories namely driving force factors, skill factors, input-output factors, socio-cultural factors, systems factors, and trust factors.
Jobs are becoming more information intensive
Organizations are becoming repositories of knowledge (collective knowledge)
Problems are too complex – must be solved by teams
Teams need to be effective, high performing, & must minimize duplication of effort
The key to all of these issues is effective Knowledge Emergence
Powerpoint show developed by Terry Anderson describing design-based research in the context of a wider presentation on distance education research generally and an introduction to CIDER.
Ethiopian Pastoral Research and Devlopment network by daniel temesgenDaniel Temesgen
The Ethiopian Pastoral Research and Development Network (EPRDN) which is currently hosted by Haramaya University was established under the terms and conditions stated in Memorandum of Understanding which was signed by the different universities; pastoral research institutes and
development partners on October 25th , 2011 at Dire Dawa University. The Network was established with the aim of building and enhancing the capacity of stakeholders adapt and respond to emerging issues; changing circumstances and challenges; mobilizing and sharing resources among member organizations for coordinated research and development in pastoral areas; facilitating exchange of knowledge, skills and information on regular basis; creating a platform for designing and implementing training programs in pastoral development and support the process of pastoral- oriented curriculum development; and facilitate dissemination of technology packages and provide consultation and evidence based advice to end users.
This thesis project extends current research on how Product-Service/ Systems (PSS) increase the competitiveness of what businesses provide to society. In particular, when the significant stakeholders who create value, structured as a network, are also involved in the co- development of the value proposition. Applying the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD), this study looks at how the early stages of a strategic planning process for sustainability could improve this co-development of PSS. The field research helped to understand the particularities of co-developing PSS and how the planning process could be adapted using the FSSD. As a result, theoretical dimensions, and general guidelines to put these into practice, are recommended in a model. The theoretical dimensions were field tested and refined. It was discovered that when creating the aspirational goals of the network, including other perspectives, in addition to companies and the customer’s, could expand the perception of value available to be provided. To do so is proposed a systematic understanding of the situation, and its socio-ecological context, where the activities of the value-based network of stakeholders are performed.
The Partnership Health of ICT Projects in Developing Countries - Pacis 2009...Anand Sheombar
The basic argument of this paper is that successful contributions in developing countries that are made with, and through, ICT are partly dependent on the health of the relationship between partners. The research was conducted in 10 projects involving multinational ICT companies. It was found that problems with partner cooperation revolve around six core categories namely driving force factors, skill factors, input-output factors, socio-cultural factors, systems factors, and trust factors.
Jobs are becoming more information intensive
Organizations are becoming repositories of knowledge (collective knowledge)
Problems are too complex – must be solved by teams
Teams need to be effective, high performing, & must minimize duplication of effort
The key to all of these issues is effective Knowledge Emergence
Powerpoint show developed by Terry Anderson describing design-based research in the context of a wider presentation on distance education research generally and an introduction to CIDER.
Espana vislumbra la salida de la crisis sin cambios en el modelo productivo. ...EAE Business School
EAE Business School presenta el estudio La Inversión en I+D+i en España, que desde hace seis años analiza la inversión pública y privada en innovación y desarrollo tanto en Europa como en España, completado con un análisis de las empresas y sectores más innovadores en España e información territorial de la inversión en este área.
Descárgate el Informe completo aquí: http://goo.gl/Zpzp2k
A designer Camila Lamberti, do Design Cerâmico, palestrou durante o 1º Forum Nacional de Design para Revestimentos Cerâmicos, realizado em paralelo com Fornecer 2012, entre os dias 19 a 22 de junho.
Na palestra "De Olho no Futuro: novidades e tendências 2013", Camila Lamberti fez uma retrospectiva da história recente da tecnologia inkjet para revestimentos cerâmicos no Brasil e na Europa, ressaltando o trabalho e a importância do profissional de Design neste momento de transição tecnológica, inclusive traçando um paralelo entre o momento atual e a evolução da arte ao longo da história.
Pra finalizar, Camila ainda destacou a importância do trabalho do Designer em tendências e referências apresentadas durante a edição deste ano dos famosos Saloni Internazionale del Mobile, em abril na cidade de Milão/Itália.
Confira:
Data Services – Rapid Application Development using Data VirtualizationDenodo
In this presentation, Drillinginfo presents how they have created a virtual data abstraction layer using data virtualization and reduced creation of web services for application development time from 1 – 2 weeks to less than a day.
This presentation is part of the Fast Data Strategy Conference, and you can watch the video here goo.gl/wVGrZq.
How to Achieve Fast Data Performance in Big Data, Logical Data Warehouse, and...Denodo
Performance is a key consideration for organizations looking to implement big data, logical data warehouse, and operational use cases. In this presentation, the technology expert demonstrates the performance aspects of using data virtualization to accelerate the delivery of fast data to end consumers.
This presentation is part of the Fast Data Strategy Conference, and you can watch the video here goo.gl/YMPhvE.
Logical Data Warehouse and Data Lakes can play a role in many different type of projects and, in this presentation, we will look at some of the most common patterns and use cases. Learn about analytical and big data patterns as well as performance considerations. Example implementations will be discussed for each pattern.
- Architectural patterns for logical data warehouse and data lakes.
- Performance considerations.
- Customer use cases and demo.
This presentation is part of the Denodo Educational Seminar, and you can watch the video here goo.gl/vycYmZ.
Knowledge Management in Project-Based OrganizationsOlivier Serrat
Projects ought to be vehicles for both practical benefits and organizational learning. However, if an organization is designed for the long term, a project exists only for its duration. Project-based organizations face an awkward dilemma: the project-centric nature of their work makes knowledge management, hence learning, difficult.
This presentation was provided by Kristi Holmes of Northwestern University during the NISO hot topic virtual conference "Effective Data Management," which was held on September 29, 2021.
Espana vislumbra la salida de la crisis sin cambios en el modelo productivo. ...EAE Business School
EAE Business School presenta el estudio La Inversión en I+D+i en España, que desde hace seis años analiza la inversión pública y privada en innovación y desarrollo tanto en Europa como en España, completado con un análisis de las empresas y sectores más innovadores en España e información territorial de la inversión en este área.
Descárgate el Informe completo aquí: http://goo.gl/Zpzp2k
A designer Camila Lamberti, do Design Cerâmico, palestrou durante o 1º Forum Nacional de Design para Revestimentos Cerâmicos, realizado em paralelo com Fornecer 2012, entre os dias 19 a 22 de junho.
Na palestra "De Olho no Futuro: novidades e tendências 2013", Camila Lamberti fez uma retrospectiva da história recente da tecnologia inkjet para revestimentos cerâmicos no Brasil e na Europa, ressaltando o trabalho e a importância do profissional de Design neste momento de transição tecnológica, inclusive traçando um paralelo entre o momento atual e a evolução da arte ao longo da história.
Pra finalizar, Camila ainda destacou a importância do trabalho do Designer em tendências e referências apresentadas durante a edição deste ano dos famosos Saloni Internazionale del Mobile, em abril na cidade de Milão/Itália.
Confira:
Data Services – Rapid Application Development using Data VirtualizationDenodo
In this presentation, Drillinginfo presents how they have created a virtual data abstraction layer using data virtualization and reduced creation of web services for application development time from 1 – 2 weeks to less than a day.
This presentation is part of the Fast Data Strategy Conference, and you can watch the video here goo.gl/wVGrZq.
How to Achieve Fast Data Performance in Big Data, Logical Data Warehouse, and...Denodo
Performance is a key consideration for organizations looking to implement big data, logical data warehouse, and operational use cases. In this presentation, the technology expert demonstrates the performance aspects of using data virtualization to accelerate the delivery of fast data to end consumers.
This presentation is part of the Fast Data Strategy Conference, and you can watch the video here goo.gl/YMPhvE.
Logical Data Warehouse and Data Lakes can play a role in many different type of projects and, in this presentation, we will look at some of the most common patterns and use cases. Learn about analytical and big data patterns as well as performance considerations. Example implementations will be discussed for each pattern.
- Architectural patterns for logical data warehouse and data lakes.
- Performance considerations.
- Customer use cases and demo.
This presentation is part of the Denodo Educational Seminar, and you can watch the video here goo.gl/vycYmZ.
Knowledge Management in Project-Based OrganizationsOlivier Serrat
Projects ought to be vehicles for both practical benefits and organizational learning. However, if an organization is designed for the long term, a project exists only for its duration. Project-based organizations face an awkward dilemma: the project-centric nature of their work makes knowledge management, hence learning, difficult.
This presentation was provided by Kristi Holmes of Northwestern University during the NISO hot topic virtual conference "Effective Data Management," which was held on September 29, 2021.
A ceLTIc project webinar. The ceLTIc project shows how to enable LTI (Learning Tools Interoperability) connectors to build a flexible infrastructure.This session will discuss how the JISC-funded ceLTIc:sharing project is evaluating the use of LTI to provide a shared service for institutions interested in evaluating WebPA. It will include a demonstration of linking to the tool from Blackboard Learn 9 and Moodle, as well as how the outcomes service along with the unofficial memberships and setting extensions are being used to enhance this integration in a VLE-independent way.
Jisc conference 2012
Reflections on the past two and a half years of a collaborative African healt...Saide OER Africa
In early 2011, the OpenCourseware Consortium (OCWC) invited University of Michigan and OER Africa to do a guest blog post about their reflections of participating in a collaborative health OER project.
Bridging the missing middle for al_tversionfinal_14_08_2014debbieholley1
Presentation to ALT-C 2014
Taking innovation from concept through to scalable delivery is complex, contested and under-theorised process. This report aims to capture the current major themes underpinning scaling, and apply these to the context of the Learning Layers project. An external review of our early ‘Design Research framework for scaling’ has highlighted that the approach is too linear and may rely too heavily on the diffusion of innovation paradigm originally proposed by Everett Rogers in the 1960s, which is less appropriate for scaling innovations in our project. Rather, we start out from design-based research principles where co-design with the users is producing both theories and practical educational interventions as outcomes of the process. This is a robust and appropriate approach suitable for addressing complex problems in educational practice for which no clear guidelines or solutions are available. We suggest that it is therefore also appropriate for multi-faceted and complex research projects such as Learning Layers.
There is no universal way to coordinate Agile teams in large development projects because they have unique problems. This implies that the best way to coordinate the teams is to ask them how they want to be managed given a set of enabling constraints. This requires particular communication and negotiation skills in the leadership team, which are conveyed in this talk. The skills are described as a set of conventions, founded on the argument that every organization is a complex adaptive system and should therefore be analyzed as a whole and from multiple system perspectives. So, this talk will show that by treating software development as a complex endeavor, rather than a linear, will help managers to master large Agile projects.
At present, the state-of-the-art supplies for conducting a face-to-face design thinking workshop typically consists of self-stick notes and stickers, markers, and whiteboards. However, this analog way of working is incongruent with the realities of global software companies, where most products and services are developed by distributed teams. This paper explores the process of facilitating remote design thinking workshops, using information technology and communication tools. The paper is based on a participatory action research undertaken by the author as a part of the doctoral thesis - ‘a study on an approach to prepare the organization mindset to build design-led innovation culture to become a customer-centric and future driven software company’ in the Indian IT sector. The participating company realized the innovation breakthroughs using design thinking can happen only when their organization can collaborate across disciplines, silos, time zones; and were looking for a solution to scale design thinking in their organization. KEYWORDS: Collaboration, Digital Design Thinking, Distributed Teams, Innovation, Remote Design Thinking, Scale Design Thinking
Published in International Research Journal of Marketing and Economics ISSN: (2349-0314) Impact Factor- 5.779, Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2018
This book chapter investigates the coffee value chain in Latin America. By drawing on the concept of just transitions as a “connective tissue” between the sustainable development goals (SDGs), the discussion zooms in on the promise of agroforestry for environmental upgrading. The chapter concludes by providing examples of trade-offs between environmental, social and economic aspects.
Andrews, Katie, Noemi Sinkovics, and Rudolf R. Sinkovics (2023), "Tensions on the road toward just transitions in the Latin American coffee value chain," in International business and sustainable development goals, Rob van Tulder, Elisa Giuliani, and Isabel Álvarez (Eds.). Progress in international business research Vol. 17. Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing Limited, 309-323. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1745-886220230000017016
https://www.sinkovics.com/noemi
https://www.sinkovics.com/rudolf
International Business and SDG 8 - Exploring the Relationship between IB and ...University of Glasgow
Sinkovics, Noemi, Rudolf R. Sinkovics, Mehdi Boussebaa, and Margaret Fletcher Eds. (2024), International Business and SDG 8 - Exploring the Relationship between Ib and Society. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46802-5
Abstract: The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8 aims to promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all. The twelve associated targets call for action in a number of interconnected domains that are of great relevance for global governance, international business, and international entrepreneurship. However, the Covid-19 pandemic and geopolitical issues such as war, the climate crisis and associated humanitarian catastrophes highlight just how fragile progress towards inclusive and sustainable growth is. Global disruptions in supply chains and an increase in national protectionism prompts questions whether global value chains should be shortened and re-localised to reduce risks. This book examines the policy issues and practitioner perspectives on the role of International Business in the achievement of SDG 8 targets in the current global climate. Covering topics such as the technological upgrading and innovation, the formalisation and growth of micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises, the decoupling of economic growth from environmental degradation as well as from the exploitation of workers and employees including women, children, migrants, persons with disabilities and other minorities, this is a vital resource for scholars and students interested in exploring international business and grand societal challenges.
https://www.sinkovics.com/rudolf
https://www.sinkovics.com/noemi
https://www.glasgow.ac.uk/
Husted, Kenneth and Rudolf R. Sinkovics (2021), "Chapter 15: Concluding management issues, associated learnings and social resilience," in Management perspectives on the Covid-19 crisis: Lessons from New Zealand, Kenneth Husted and Rudolf R. Sinkovics (Eds.). Cheltenham, England, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 189-199. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800882096.00025
Book launch panel on "Megatrends in IB" at AIB-UKI conference 2022 at University of Reading.
Batas, Spiros, Olli Kuivalainen, and Rudolf R. Sinkovics Eds. (2022), Megatrends in international business - examining the influence of trends on doing business internationally. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95527-4
Knowledge connectivity in an adverse context - Global value chains and Pakist...University of Glasgow
Companies from countries which suffer from terrorism and an adverse institutional country bias, connecting with international buyers and participating in global value chains is difficult. In this paper we look at the Pakistani IT industry to see what can be done to overcome country and institutional problems. What makes some of these companies perform well, against all odds?
Looks at the application of a partial least squares SEM approach in International Business (IB). Benefits regarding theory building, recommended practices.
Promissory contracting in buyer-supplier relationships. The promise of contracts without ever getting a contract. Are there any chances to improve the economic position?
International business research into spirituality. Anatolian Tigers offer an interesting study context for investigating the question of ‘what motivates individuals to commit themselves into networks’ from a different perspective and revealing the role of a spirituality- higher-order dimension of human life in trust building and network commitment.
Can the internet serve as an alternative to physical internationalization?University of Glasgow
A presentation that communicates the academic paper published in International Marketing Review (2013) regarding the viability of the internet as a new and effective path to internationalization.
Rana Plaza collapse aftermath: Are CSR compliance and auditing pressures effe...University of Glasgow
The paper sets out to investigate the intended and unintended consequences of compliance and auditing pressures in the Bangladeshi garment industry. To explore this issue we draw on three medium sized suppliers.
Progressive focusing and trustworthiness in qualitative research: The enablin...University of Glasgow
* The business and management community increasingly recognises that qualitative research is a ‘messy’, non-linear and often unpredictable undertaking. Yet, a considerable proportion of the qualitative research published in top journals is still presented as the result of a linear, predictable research process, thus wrongly suggesting deductive reasoning. * In this paper, we focus on a particular type of ‘messiness’ where during fieldwork, the research context is revealed to be more complex than anticipated, forcing the researcher to gradually refine/shift their focus to reflect ‘what really matters’. We adopt Stake’s notion of progressive focusing for this gradual approach. * Progressive focusing is well-suited to qualitative research in international business requiring complex iteration between theory and data, and the truthful yet coherent presentation of the research process. We propose that this dual challenge of complexity and trustworthiness may be addressed by using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS). * We present conceptual considerations and guidelines and offer a view on a ‘messy’, non-linear doctoral research project conducted using a progressive focusing approach, to demonstrate how CAQDAS can help to develop and re-negotiate insights from theory and interview data, as well as enhance trustworthiness, transparency and publication potential.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Trans-specialization understanding & mobile alliances
1. Trans-specialization understanding
in international technology alliances:
The influence of cultural distance
Lew, Yong Kyu, Rudolf R. Sinkovics, Mo Yamin, and Zaheer Khan (2016),
"Trans-specialization understanding in international technology
alliances: The influence of cultural distance," Journal of International
Business Studies, 47 (5), 577-594. (DOI: 10.1057/jibs.2016.10).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2016.10
Lew et al. 2016 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2016.10 1
2. Lew et al. 2016 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2016.10 2
4. Authors — Lew, Sinkovics, Yamin, Khan
• Dr Yong Kyu Lew
» Assistant Professor of International Business
Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea
yklew@hufs.ac.kr
yklew01.wix.com/yklew
• Prof Rudolf R. Sinkovics
» Professor of International Business
The University of Manchester, Alliance Manchester Business School
Rudolf.Sinkovics@manchester.ac.uk
www.manchester.ac.uk/research/rudolf.sinkovics
• Prof Mo Yamin
» Professor of International Business
The University of Manchester, Alliance Manchester Business School
Mo.Yamin@manchester.ac.uk
www.manchester.ac.uk/research/mo.yamin
• Dr Zaheer Khan
» Assistant Professor in Strategy & International Business
The University of Sheffield, Sheffield University Management School
Z.khan@sheffield.ac.uk
www.sheffield.ac.uk/management/staff/zkhan
Lew et al. 2016 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2016.10 4
5. Agenda
Framing problems
Research questions
Modularity, relational governance, and CD and cooperation costs
Hypotheses and conceptual model
Methods
Findings
Discussion
Implications
Future research
References
Appendix
5Lew et al. 2016 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2016.10
6. Challenges in the mobile devices
sector
Lew et al. 2016 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2016.10 6
7. Specialized
Knowledge
Specialized
Knowledge
Firm A Firm B
Framing the problem
• In the mobile devices sector, hardware and software firms represent very different
islands of knowledge attributes and specialties.
• An important aspect of the evolution of international business is that capabilities are
increasingly relationship- and network-based rather than solely firm-specific (Cantwell et
al., 2010).
• Important to overcome cultural and institutional differences between partners in
international alliances, and understanding specialization of potential partner.
• Considering the knowledge specialization of a potential partner, it is important how to
develop trans-specialized knowledge that partners mutually understand each other, i.e.,
trans-specialized understanding (TSU).
7Lew et al. 2016 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2016.10
9. Framing in this paper
• TSU can be conceptualized as:
» being a limited degree of knowledge sharing islands of shared
knowledge in a sea of mutual ignorance (Hoopes & Postrel, 1999;
Postrel 2002).
» enabling effective combination of respective specialization to achieve a
mutually desired outcome enabling partners to work together, but
does not necessarily entail ‘internalization’ of each other’s capabilities.
• In the MNC literature, there has been far more interest in
unidirectional knowledge transfer –
» very little research in international business has explicitly focused on a
knowledge combination issue in MNCs (Buckley & Carter, 2004).
• The literature on international alliances has paid much more
attention to knowledge acquisition and organizational learning.
9Lew et al. 2016 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2016.10
10. Research questions
• Knowledge accessing & combination may be a main rationale for many non-
equity based international technology alliances (ITAs).
» although the literature on strategic alliance has paid much more attention to
knowledge acquisition and organizational learning rather than on knowledge
combination.
• Value co-creation in ITAs hinges on the development of TSU.
• Understanding the drivers and antecedent of knowledge sharing (and hence TSU)
in ITAs, and its impact on performance is a useful addition to international
business knowledge.
10
• How can different specializations be combined effectively in
a cross-border setting?
• Does cultural distance (CD) undermine the effectiveness of
knowledge combination in ITAs?
Research question
Lew et al. 2016 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2016.10
12. Modularity
• International business academics have investigated modularity in the context of
global sourcing and global production network - they focus on MNCs’ location
and lead firms’ relationships with modular suppliers in the vertical context.
• What is modularity?
‘An attribute of […] designing structures based on minimizing interdependence
between modules and maximizing interdependence within them that can be
mixed and matched to obtain new configurations without loss of the system’s
functionality’ (Campagnolo & Camuffo, 2010: 259).
Physical/logical component separablility and re-combinability (Baldwin &
Clark, 1997).
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13. Modularity
• Benefits of modularity
Contribution to the value co-creation in terms of separable and re-combinable characters
increase the visibility of the product development process and thus facilitate
collaboration (Jacobides et al., 2006).
Reducing product design complexity enhancing product development speed whilst
decreasing new product development cost (Ethiraj et al., 2008) reducing technological
adaptation and learning costs, thus facilitating collaboration at a network level.
• It may not be necessary to understand an entire set of the partner’s knowledge.
TSU may suffice, and it helps avoid ‘technological glitches’ in the alliance (Hoopes & Postrel,
1999).
Product modularity makes it easier to develop shared knowledge that partners can mutually
understand.
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14. Relational governance
• Inter-firm governance mechanisms are premised on an appropriate socialization
process, social interaction, and ties which help generate trust and commitment to
partners (Heiman & Nickerson, 2004).
• Some alliances have an organizational learning rationale, whereby partners seek to
learn and acquire capabilities from each other (Grant & Baden-fuller, 2004).
Alliances that are more intent on the combination of existing knowledge base of
partners will be less vulnerable to opportunism.
In knowledge-combining alliances, long-term cooperation is perceived as less risky;
partners are not in a “race” to learn faster than each other and hence will be less
anxious that their specialist capabilities may be captured or internalized by their partners.
• As long as knowledge sharing is perceived to generate net benefits for the partners,
they will provide resources and support the nurturing of the relational norms and
socialization necessary for knowledge sharing.
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15. CD and cooperation costs
• CD complicates the process of organizational learning, inter-partner knowledge
transfer, and value creation.
• The impact of CD through its impact on the cost of inter-firm cooperation costs
‘arising from the need to collaborate with a partner’ (White, 2005). Cooperation
costs have two components arising from:
Task-related coordination needs (e.g., hardware and software engineers) to undertake
joint problem solving to enable the effective combination of partners’ specialization.
Those costs arising from inter-firm diversity such as CD.
• CD reduces the propensity of individual specialists to seek knowledge from each
other.
• Reluctance to seek knowledge from someone with a different culture can render
knowledge sharing more cumbersome and hence complicate the development of
TSU.
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16. CD and cooperation costs
• CD can affect TSU development indirectly, through an impact on the cost of
cooperation arising from partners’ diversities.
High CD may make it harder for supportive relational norms to develop (Buckley &
Carter, 2004).
At high levels of CD, the maintenance of a cooperative inter-partner relationship may
be more resource-intensive, in turn rendering the generation of TSU more costly.
• Modular product design can reduce technology transaction-related hazards and
costs through the integration of knowledge within modules.
Modular product design in ITAs between specialists facilitates the achievement of
mutually agreed goals for the alliance.
Product modularity facilitates knowledge combination in ITA, and reduces the need
for intensive interaction between the partnering firms.
CD between partners (inter-partner diversity) won’t significantly impair the
development of the necessary level of TSU.
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18. Hypotheses
• Hypothesis 1: There is a positive relationship between relational governance and
TSU development in ITAs.
• Hypothesis 2: The higher the degree of product modularity, the easier it is for ITA
partners to develop TSU.
• Hypothesis 3a: CD negatively affects the development of TSU in ITAs.
• Hypothesis 3b: CD negatively moderates the relationship between relational
governance and TSU.
• Hypothesis 3c: The relationship between product modularity and TSU is not
affected by CD.
• Hypothesis 4: There is a positive relationship between the level of TSU and each
partner’s firm performance.
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23. Findings
23
• The results of structural equation modelling support for H1, H2, and H4.
• Relational governance as a viable vehicle for the development of TSU.
• Product modularity facilitates TSU.
• TSU positively affects each partner’s performance.
Lew et al. 2016 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2016.10
24. Findings
24
• CD negatively moderates the relationship between relational governance and TSU.
• No moderating effect of CD on the relationship between product modularity and TSU while the
association between product modularity and TSU is still significant.
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26. Discussion
• As different specializations create boundaries across which dialogue and
communication is difficult, TSU needs the nurturing of collaborative interface to
motivate knowledge exchange despite differing specialization.
• An importance of relational governance mechanism for generation of TSU in ITAs.
Stringent mechanisms for controlling of knowledge protection may not be a major
concern in partnerships aiming to combine disparate specializations.
CD increases the costs of cooperation between partners, thus CD discourages the
development of TSU.
• Product modularity reduces the complexity of technological interfaces.
Regardless of CD, challenges in knowledge combinations are eased when product
design and development benefit from modular connectivity between the
specializations.
26
Lew et al. 2016 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2016.10
27. Implications
• The social and technological antecedents and performance consequences of TSU
in the context of international alliances between specialists, and the role of CD
in such context.
• Highly codified scientific and engineering knowledge is not significantly affected
by CD.
• High level of CD is not necessarily lead to significant friction in the
(technological) working relationships between partners in ITAs (Shenkar et al.,
2008).
• Product modularity as having a potential for functioning as a governance
mechanism for specialized knowledge combination in ITAs.
• Product modularity can substitute relational governance when strong relational
norms are not well developed in ITAs.
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28. Future Research
• Worthwhile to investigate the model in a different industry context (e.g.,
automotive manufacturing or aerospace engineering)
• Further studies can expand on CD to include a broader conceptualization, for
instance the CAGE framework or institutional distance.
• The inclusion of control mechanisms (the costs of control) in the model to test a
complete set of interfirm governance mechanisms from economic, social and
technological perspectives.
• Conceptualization of product modularity, e.g. interfacing protocols between
modules.
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30. Appendix: Country distributions of ITA partners
30
Focal firm country Partner country frequency Focal firm country Partner country frequency
Taiwan USA 23 Japan Taiwan 1
China Taiwan 12 Japan USA 1
Korea USA 8 Korea Canada 1
UK USA 5 Norway USA 1
USA UK 5 Sweden USA 1
Taiwan India 4 Taiwan Germany 1
France USA 2 USA Netherlands 1
Japan Taiwan 2 USA Japan 1
Korea Taiwan 2 USA Canada 1
Taiwan UK 2 USA Taiwan 1
Taiwan USA 2 China USA 1
USA Korea 2 Korea China 1
Ireland USA 2 Morroco USA 1
USA China 2 Taiwan Malaysia 1
Canada USA 1 Taiwan Russia 1
Canada Taiwan 1 UK China 1
China Hong Kong 1 USA Bulgaria 1
Finland USA 1 USA Vietnam 1
Finland Korea 1 USA Russia 1
France Taiwan 1 USA no answer 5
India Japan 1 Finland no answer 1
India Netherlands 1 India no answer 1
India USA 1 Korea no answer 1
Israel Korea 1 110Total
Lew et al. 2016 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2016.10