The document discusses the history and current state of transgender populations around the world. It describes how ancient cultures acknowledged third genders but Judeo-Christian traditions defined gender as only male or female. Today, transgender and intersex people have greater visibility and are becoming incorporated into more societies. The document also discusses definitions of sex, gender, transgender, and transsexuality. It provides details on transgender communities and experiences in countries like Sweden, the UK, Portugal, and discusses the history of sex reassignment surgery.