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Transforming Landscapes-The Inspiring Journey of Restoring Mines, the Ruhr Valley Region Model, Germany.pptx
- 2. Ms. Julia Haske Head of Reactivation & Transition Research Center for Post-Mining of the Technical University Georg Agricola, Bochum
- 3. Post-Mining management: re-use of former mining areas in the Ruhr region as an example 04.04.2024 Julia Haske, M.A. & PhD-Candidate Head of Reactivation &Transition Research Center of Post-Mining atTHGA University FZN/THGA
- 4. Active Mines in Germany Seite 2 04.04.2024
- 5. Overview of hard coal mining and lignite mining in Germany Seite 3 04.04.2024 EURACOAL 2024: online.
- 6. Overview of mining in the Ruhr area Seite 4 04.04.2024
- 7. Mining in the Ruhr area Seite 5 04.04.2024 Earliest: 13th century Structured mining: 17th century Upswing: 18th century Highest point: 19th century & 20th century Downfall: Mids of the 1950‘s A new era in 2018: Post- Mining
- 8. Mining in the Ruhr area Seite 6 04.04.2024 https://www.ruhrzechenaus.de/unna/un-koenigsborn.html http://www.bergbauhistorie.ruhr/arbeitskreise/arbeitskreis-muelheim/ Colliery Königsborn (Unna) Colliery Rosenblumendelle (Mülheim an der Ruhr)
- 9. Mining in the Ruhr area Seite 7 04.04.2024 https://www.rheinruhronline.de/essen/essen1/essenaltendorf/zeche-saelzer.htm Colliery Vereinigte Sälzer & Neuack (Essen) http://www.ruhrkohlenrevier.de/ob1475.html
- 10. Mining in the Ruhr area Seite 8 04.04.2024 On November 27, 1968, the then Ruhrkohle AG was founded in Essen as a consolidation company for the German. coal mines https://www.rag.de/unternehmen/unsere-geschichte
- 11. What is Post-Mining? Post-mining encompasses everything that takes place following the actual extraction of minerals and raw materials. It is a wide-ranging field, providing plenty of substance for exciting, engineering-based research. The Research Center of Post-Mining, which is the only one in the world of its kind, explores the urgent issues that are arising as the miners leave.We investigate post-mining in all its many facets, while completely rediscovering the potential it has to offer.
- 12. Perpetual tasks and minewater management Geomonitoring in post-mining Material sciences for the preservation of industrial heritage Land use and transition Our research focusses
- 13. Perpetual tasks and minewater management
- 14. Perpetual tasks and minewater management The Research Center of Post-Mining is a place where innovative processes are developed with a focus on the resource water in former mining areas. Our research aims: • comprehensive understanding of the hydrological system • Identifying specific solutions and to reconcile the needs of people with those of the environment • creating concepts for the near-nature reshaping of water resources in former mining regions Our know-how we have gained in relation to the coal mining industry, can be transferred to other mining sectors. !
- 15. These firstly concern the technical tasks that occupy us following the end of coal mining activity in the Ruhr, Saar and Ibbenbüren areas – sometimes over an indefinite period of time. • minewater management • pumping the surface water • ground water monitoring What are the so-called „perpetual tasks“? ! All of the perpetual tasks deal with the resource water.
- 17. The Research Center of Post-Mining develops technical systems and modern methods perfectly tailored for monitoring post-mining activities. Our research aims: • collecting and combining a diverse range of geoinformation, and use this as a basis for developing detailed 3D models (i.a. by using data of satellites, drones, deep sea probes or old archives) • long-term purpose: digital simulation of potential processes to create a viable risk management system for the post-mining phase. How can we observe the legacies of mining? Geomonitoring in post-mining
- 18. Material sciences for the preservation of industrial heritage © Ruhr-Tourismus / Frank Vinken
- 19. Material sciences for the preservation of industrial heritage “Industrial culture is like aTrojan horse – a beautiful exterior under which danger lurks.” Prof. Dr. Michael Prange We investigate the ageing processes of metals and synthetic materials and develop new testing methods Our research aims: • We want to preserve industrial culture! Including not only abandoned collieries, coking plants and blast furnaces, but also individual machines and equipment • Assessing and recording the environmental influences on materials and developing new investigation techniques. In the best case, the process of decay is not merely retarded, but completely stopped. In this reserach focus we work closely with the material scientists of the Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum
- 20. Land use and transition
- 21. Land use and transition We analyze the political, economic and legal frameworks needed to successfully reactivate former industrial locations and their infrastructures. In addition we include the importance of social aspects for land use developments. Our research aims: • creating the foundations for establishing new residential districts and business parks, recreational areas or renewable energy facilities in places where raw materials were once mined. • Our experience can also benefit other countries facing similar tasks in the future. Lothringen Colliery, Bochum We want to make former mining regions fit for the future!
- 22. Example of re-use: Mark 51.7, Bochum Seite 20 04.04.2024 Phase I • 1736: Hard coal mining in the Dannenbaum mine field began • 1859: Transition to deep mining • 1910 – 1958: Highest output • 1958: Mining in the Dannenbaum colliery shafts ceased Almost 100 years of mining history! https://www.mark51-7.de/buergerinfo/
- 23. Example of re-use: Mark 51.7 Seite 21 04.04.2024 Phase II • 1960: Plan for land use is announced • 1984: World’s first paint shop opens • 1992: Peak of production levels • 2014: Opel is closed https://www.mark51-7.de/buergerinfo/
- 24. Example of re-use: Mark 51.7 Seite 22 04.04.2024 Phase III • 2015: Reactivation of the area • 2017: Large parcel center of DHL • 2018-2021: Further resettlement • 2022: There is more to come https://www.mark51-7.de/buergerinfo/
- 25. Example of re-use: Mark 51.7 Seite 23 04.04.2024 https://www.mark51-7.de/buergerinfo/ Phase III Innovation district Mark 51°7
- 26. Outlook Seite 24 04.04.2024 https://www.linkedin.com/company/mark51-7/ More than 10.000 jobs ca. 3000 jobs ca. 2500 jobs
- 27. Thank you for your attention! Discover post-mining: https://fzn.thga.de/en/
- 28. Julia Haske, M.A. - Head of Reactivation & Transition THGA University Research Center of Post-Mining Herner Straße 45 D-44787 Bochum 51°29’16,0“ N 07°12’48,0“ E +49 (234) 968 4147 julia.haske@thga.de fzn.thga.de www.thga.com Contact
- 29. Mr. Jan Tiemann HUB Manager, Land- & Urban Transformations, Duisburg Business & Innovation GmbH
- 30. CHALLENGES & SOLUTIONS OF BROWNFIELD URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN THE RUHR AREA AND DUISBURG Transforming Landscapes, The Inspiring Journey of Post-Mining Land Restoration Jan Tiemann, 4. April 2024
- 31. AGENDA > Urban transformation in the Ruhr metropolis > Site development in the Ruhr metropolis and the role of brownfield urban transformation > Commercial and industrial site development in Duisburg > Challenges & solution approaches > Best practice cases in the city of duisburg
- 32. URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN THE RUHR METROPOLIS
- 33. POST MINING BROWNFIELDS • The retreat of mining and the mining industry has freed up large areas of wasteland in the Ruhr region since the 1980s. • Since 1980, approx. 4,970 ha of brownfield sites have been redeveloped by 2022, around 52 % of this is already used for commercial purposes. • These were a success factor for the structural change in the Ruhr region in recent decades. • Many sites were developed by the Ruhr land reserve fund with public subsidies, as development was often unprofitable.
- 34. BROWNFIELD DEVELOPMENT 1980-2022 • Since 1980, approx. 4,970 ha of brownfield sites have been redeveloped by 2022. • 52 % of this is already used for commercial purposes. • Many of them are
- 35. SITE DEVELOPMENT IN THE RUHR METROPOLIS & THE ROLE OF BROWNFIELD URBAN TRANSFORMATION
- 36. BROWNFIELDS CREATE NEW JOBS • The development of commercial and industrial sites make a significant contribution for new jobs in the Ruhr metropolis. • The number of employees subject to social insurance contributions in the commercial, industrial and special construction sector increased by 13% between 2012 and 2018 to around 750,000. • Outside the commercial and industrial sector, the number of employees subject to social security contributions rose by 8% to around 935,000 in the same period.
- 37. RESTRICTIONS PREVENT GROWTH • A prerequisite for this is ensuring sufficient commercial space, which is increasingly only possible on restricted sites. • Although the Ruhr area continues to be very successful in reactivating brownfield sites, further efforts are needed at all political levels, as it is becoming increasingly difficult to remove restrictions. • Successful brownfield reactivation must reconcile ecological and economic objectives. • Almost 70% of the uses in 2016-2019 were on brownfield sites. In the period 2005-2015, the share of brownfield sites was 58%.
- 38. FINANCIAL IMPACT AND FUNDING • The revitalization of brownfield sites offers new development prospects and is an essential component of the principle of land economy. • Around 70% of the 1,600 ha of potential land is subject to restrictions, with more than 62% facing serious barriers to mobilization. • For the next 10 years, the Ruhr metropolis therefore has an economically oriented revitalization requirement of around 1,470 ha over the next 10 years. • This means an additional financing costs of around € 735 million over ten years (the unprofitable part of the development costs is around € 50 per sqm).
- 39. COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL SITE DEVELOPMENT IN DUISBURG
- 40. SHARE OF INDUSTRY & COMMERCE Area survey by type of actual use Share of industry & commerce in settlement area Total settlement area Industrial and commercial space Share of industrial and commercial space in settlement area ha ha in% North Rhine- Westphalia 570.328 102.760 18,02 Bottrop 3.366 577 17,14 Mülheim an der Ruhr 3.859 751 19,46 Herne 2.933 601 20,49 Food 11.135 2.302 20,67 Bochum 8.110 1.689 20,83 Dortmund 12.680 2.749 21,68 Hagen 4.199 930 22,15 Hamm 5.496 1.218 22,16 Oberhausen 4.315 961 22,27 Gelsenkirchen 5.979 1.593 26,64 Duisburg 11.071 3.495 31,57 The proportion of commercial and industrial space in the settlement area in Duisburg is approx. 32%!
- 41. BROWNFIELD TRANSFORMATION • Commercial and industrial sites are an important location factor for economic growth and job creation: without sites, there can be no further successful economic development! • Over the last 15 years, around 380 ha of commercial and industrial space have been capitalised in Duisburg. • From 2006 to 2021, an average of 26.1 ha of undeveloped land was taken up each year, of which 25.6 ha is brownfield land and 0.5 ha is greenfield. • The Revitalization rate is 98%, compared to 61% in the Ruhr area.
- 43. CHALLENGES • The commercial-industrial potential of marketable space in Duisburg has decreased considerably in recent years. • At present, only about 4.76 ha are immediately available, of which only about 1.5 ha are for industrial use. • Total unrestricted potential: around 6.40 ha, no short-term potential for large-scale or emitting settlements. • 120 ha of land potential on the Wedau and Duisburger Dünen sites owned by the city, but primarily suitable for residential and office use.
- 44. SOLUTIONS & STRATEGIES • A joint effort by the federal government, the state, the municipal corporation and industry is required. • Objective: Discussion of solutions for the mobilization of marketable areas. • First attempt to mobilize the city of Duisburg: Initiation of a land donor conference: • Dialogue with property owners with the aim of jointly considering how dormant and (no longer) operationally necessary space potential can be activated. • First areas identified and solutions discussed with owners.
- 45. SOLUTIONS & STRATEGIES • New funding is needed to eliminate contaminated sites or missing developments, but also to acquire land through the municipalities. • This is because the public sector is needed as an owner, especially in the current difficult market situation, to ensure that construction takes place. • Solution: Establishment of a revolving property fund that enables local authorities to acquire properties easily. • The income from this flows back into the property fund and can be used by the municipalities for new purchases.
- 46. SOLUTIONS & STRATEGIES • Support for forward-looking land acquisition in general through new instruments to avoid land speculation and limit development costs. • Municipalities need to be able to react flexibly to upcoming emergency sales of insolvent or financially troubled companies, thus also preventing market "anticipation" or (land) speculation. • Speed up the application process for funding by synchronising parallel application procedures.
- 47. SOLUTIONS & STRATEGIES • Determine the proportion of land conversions from commercial and industrial sites for other uses and adopt a resolution to compensate for future conversions. • Determine use of existing hall space and develop strategy for optimizing use. • Define brownfield sites to be developed as a priority and at an accelerated pace and development strategies (dialogue with owners; funding options; planning law) prepare. • Prepare selective redesignation of open spaces; if necessary, in exchange for non-developable areas.
- 48. BEST PRACTICE CASES IN THE CITY OF DUISBURG
- 50. BEST PRACTICE DUISBURG • The urban transformation in the new development is to be spread across three neighborhood developments. • All areas are former brownfield sites and in municipal ownership. • The projects cover an area of around 120 ha. • Overall, attempts are being made here to realize new urban development qualities in which Duisburg currently still has deficits: • Wedau South (high-quality housing) • Wedau North (university technology campus, start-ups) • Duisburger Dunes (urban life, office use with housing)
- 51. Vielen Dank! Jan Tiemann HUB-Manager T +49 203 3639-364 tiemann@duisburg.business CONTACT
- 52. FOLLOW US @G20 Global Land Initiative
Editor's Notes
- To begin with, we will take a joint look at the diverse mining industry in Germany as a whole. Youcan see here see coal as well as oil, gas and salt. So, in general, there is mining in many places, and a lot of it. This is just for the sake of completeness.
- Here you can then see an overview of hard coal and lignite mining in Germany. For today's presentation, however, I would like to concentrate on hard coal within the Ruhr region. I will now show you why.
- As you can see, intensive hard coal mining was carried out in the Ruhr area for centuries in a very confined space with a dense population. Hard coal mining here means underground mining, in contrast to lignite, for example, where we have opencast mining. Today we no longer have active hard coal mining in the Ruhr region, but we can look back on centuries of traditions that are still with us today. The Ruhr area is exemplary for intensive industry, for industrial culture - you can't get past the pit frames here. You can also see from this slightly undulating structure where the coal seams ran. Coal leaves a mark behind, that needs to be taken care of. Because, mining also means consequences. Therefore we are already in the so-called post-mining phase. But, I will explain more about that in a few moments. First: We no longer have active mining and this is exactly what we want to talk about today. Let us first take a very brief look at the development of hard coal mining in the Ruhr.
- This is a very short summarized overview of the highlighted events throughout hard coal mining in the ruhr area. Going through the history would take us more time than today's webinar, so please bear in mind that it only highlights a few points by way of example. In the 13th century, coal was already being mined in numerous places in the southern part of today's Ruhr region, from Mülheim an der Ruhr to the Unna area, usually in simple pits. Initially, the farmers mined coal primarily for their own use. Coal was mined as far as agricultural activities allowed. In the 17th century, the mining of coal began in the form of adit mining.
- By 1804, there were already 229 mines in the Ruhr area with a total annual output of 380,000 tons. The Ruhr mining industry experienced a further upswing with the introduction of steam power for dewatering. The first steam engine for dewatering was also used here.
- In 1809, the Vereinigte Sälzer & Neuack colliery in Essen was the first to use a steam engine for coal extraction. The first coking plant was also built at the Vereinigte Sälzer & Neuack colliery in 1816. In 1835, a wire rope was used for the first time in shaft hoisting. Around 1840, the developed safety lamp was introduced in Ruhr mining. This economic development required an increasing number of workers in the mining industry. The shortage of qualified miners led to the construction of mine-owned housing and the establishment of workers' housing estates from 1855 onwards. The provision of affordable housing was intended to attract workers and tie them to the mine. In 1956, almost 125 million tons of hard coal were mined, the highest level since the Second World War. Miners' wages were now in the top bracket and the trade unions had gained a strong position. The profession of miner was attractive despite the high physical strain. However, Ruhr coal was then no longer competitive on the world market and mines were successively closed and capacities reduced. By 1963, 33 mines with a production capacity of 10.3 million tons had been closed in the Ruhr region. On 1 September 1963, the mine operators joined forces to form the Rationalization Association of the Coal Industry. The aim was to shut down unprofitable operations and concentrate production on profitable plants.
- At the beginning of February 2007, the coalition governments of the federal government, the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Saarland, RAG as the consolidating company for German hard coal mining and the trade union agreed in a key issues paper to discontinue subsidies for the German hard coal mining industry at the end of 2018. Therefore, we are now officially in the post-mining phase.
- Through our investigations, we establish a comprehensive understanding of the hydrological system of one-time mining environments to facilitate the sustainable management of minewater, groundwater and surface waters. And the knowledge and experience we have gained in relation to the coal mining industry, can be transferred to other mining sectors.
- What are the so-called “perpetual tasks”? These firstly concern the technical tasks that occupy us following the end of coal mining activity in the Ruhr, Saar and Ibbenbüren areas. As this can sometimes take place over an indefinite period of time, we call them “perpetual tasks”. These include minewater management, the constant pumping of surface water (empoldering) and groundwater purification at specially designated locations. All of these continuously performed processes are focussed on one thing - the resource that is water. There is also potential for similar tasks to be undertaken in other mining districts.
- How can we observe and monitor the legacies of mining? The research focus of geomonitoring in post-mining explores this very issue. The Research Institute of Post-Mining develops technical systems and modern methods perfectly tailored for monitoring post-mining activities. Our researchers collect and combine a diverse range of geoinformation, and use this as a basis for developing detailed 3D models. This technique can be used to detect methane gas emissions, near-surface cavities, ground movements and changes in the environment. The long-term purpose of our innovations is to digitally simulate potential processes, and create a viable risk management system for the post-mining phase.
- We investigate the ageing processes of metals and synthetic materials, and apply our findings to the preservation of industrial culture – including not only abandoned collieries, coking plants and blast furnaces, but also individual machines and equipment made from a wide variety of different materials and combinations of substances. Material states are assessed by recording the environmental influences and developing new investigation techniques. In the best case, the process of decay is not merely retarded, but completely stopped.
- We want to make former mining regions fit for the future. But just how can we plan this transformation? At the Research Institute of Post-Mining, we analyse the political, economic and legal frameworks needed to successfully reactivate former industrial locations and their infrastructures. In doing so, we consider regional and municipal objectives, as well as the involvement of the general public. In this way, we create the foundations for establishing new residential districts and business parks, recreational areas or renewable energy facilities in places where raw materials were once mined. Our activities are especially directed towards organisations and associations concerned with the issue of structural change, including cities and municipalities, public authorities and the EU. Our experience can also benefit other countries facing similar tasks in the future.
- Now, I would like to give you an example of the aspect of land use development for a former mining site in the Ruhr area. Around 1910, Dannenbaum colliery reaches its highest annual output - more than 700,000 tons of hard coal are mined. Around 3,000 people work at the mine at this time. In the following years, yields fall and the number of employees halves. During the "coal crisis" of the 1950s, Dannenbaum colliery becomes unprofitable and is closed in 1958.
- The city has the site redeveloped and a buyer is soon found in the era of the economic miracle: Adam Opel AG, then part of General Motors, bought the site in 1960 for 1.2 million German marks. In 1960 the new plan for Opel is announced. In 1984, the world's first paint shop for water-based paints was put into operation. In the peak year of 1992, around 20,000 people worked in Plants I, II and III. However, the increasing automation of the industry is increasingly costing jobs. In the globalized car market, the company of General Motors has been increasingly focusing on other locations since the 2000s and has cut a number of jobs in Bochum in several waves. In the end, around three and a half thousand people were still working at the site when the plant was finally closed at the end of 2014.
- Following the closure of the Adam Opel AG plant at the end of 2014, the approximately 70-hectare site was to be reactivated and developed into a location for science, commerce and industry. With the handover of the site to the development company Bochum Perspektive GmbH in July 2015, the development and redevelopment of the industrial area into land ready for construction began. 2017: Deutsche Post DHL begins construction of a large parcel center with state-of-the-art technology as the first major success in the area. Around 600 workstations are created on the former colliery site, where up to 50,000 items can be sorted per hour 2018-2021: ESCRYPT GmbH, a Bosch Group company that develops cybersecurity solutions in the automotive sector, has announced a new company headquarter on the MARK 51°7 site. It is one of the flagships of the IT security sector, which is strongly represented in the city. VW Infotainment and SCYSIS, an IT service provider for space technology, as well as others also strengthen the location. 2022: Of the almost 44 hectares of marketable space on the former Opel site, 96 percent has now been marketed. Only four percent of the area is still available. 1,600 new jobs have already been created. If the investment commitments made so far are kept, up to 10,000 jobs will be created there in the coming years - that would be three times as many jobs as there were last at Opel
- The involvement of all stakeholders, support of the state and the willingness to act led to rapid development progress and is already considered a reference project for successful, integrated urban development. The new name MARK 51°7 gives the development area close to the city center and university a new identity with international recognition value.
- Here you can see once again the newly created jobs as a result of the reactivation and settlement of new companies from science, services and industry of the future. This successful example shows how space development can work and Mark 51.7 has not yet reached the end of its development. I hope this example of the reactivation of the site in Bochum has helped you to understand how these processes work: Duration, starting conditions, effort, the site itself and much more.