ETS2 is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression by interacting with other transcription factors. It is encoded by the ETS2 gene located on chromosome 21q22.2. ETS2 helps control differentiation in early embryonic development, including of the placenta and trophoblast cells. It is also involved in bone formation, lymphoid tissue development, and macrophage signaling. ETS2 functions as a proto-oncogene and regulates genes related to development, apoptosis, and telomerase regulation. It has roles in processes like cancer progression and is overexpressed in some cancers like prostate cancer.

1. TRANSCRIPTION
FACTOR ETS2
SUBMITTED BY: LEENA LALSON
I MSC GENOMIC SCIENCE
CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF KERALA

2.  Transcription factors-
o Proteins that regulate transcription of genes i.e, regulate conversion of DNA
→ RNA .
o Help to turn specific genes “on” or “off ”.
o Ensure that right gene is expressed in right cell at right time.
 ETS2
o Coded by ETS proto-oncogene 2 (ETS2IT1).
o Chromosome location – 21q22.2
o Gene is similar to v-ets oncogene of avian leukaemia retrovirus E26
o A pseudogene of this gene is located on X chromosome.
o ETS family of transcription factors have a common ETS domain with
conserved sequence of 85 amino acids.

3. o ETS2 needs to be transactivated mainly by MAPK mediated phosphorylation of
threonine within ETS2 transactivation domain.
o Oncogenic pathways, including activated ErbB2/neu, Src, Ras and Raf, activate
ETS2 transcription .
o Don’t bind directly to DNA but interact with other transcription factors to increase
transcription.
o High level and ubiquitous pattern of expression throughout embryonic and
neonatal development.
o Overexpression of ETS2 may contribute to the megakaryocytic phenotype in
Down syndrome leukemia cases.

4.  Functions during early embryonic development
o Control differentiation of placenta
o Control activity of genes associated with trophectoderm differentiation.
 Migration and differentiation of embryonic trophoblast cells to form a hybrid
vasculature with the maternal blood from their origin in the ectoplacental
cone.
o First appearance of cartilage and bone primordia. Expression decreases after
bone-formation.
o High level expression is detected in lymphoid tissues.
o Role in activation or signaling in macrophages.

5.  Other functions
o Regulates gene involved in development and apoptosis.
o Encoded protein is a protooncogene which involves in regulation of telomerase.
o Activates collagenase-1 and stromelysin-1 promoter.
o Expressed in astrocytes from human cortex section.
o In prostate cancer, ETS2 is overexpressed and its function is required to
maintain the transformed state of human prostate cancer cells.