This document discusses transactions in databases. It defines a transaction as a sequential group of SQL commands that are executed as a single unit. Transactions have the properties of atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID) to ensure data integrity. The document provides examples of using transactions with procedures to insert data into multiple tables, including committing or rolling back the transaction based on the success of the inserts. It also discusses using the START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK commands to control transactions.

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TRANSACTIONS

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4. Transaction
• A transaction is a sequential group of one or more SQL
commands.
• Which is performed as one single work unit.
• A transaction will never be complete unless each individual
operation within the group is successful.

5. Properties of Transaction
Atomicity
Ensures that all operations within the work unit are
completed successfully.
Consistency
Ensures that the database properly changes states upon a
successfully committed transaction.

6. Isolation
Data used within a transaction cannot be used by another
transaction until the first transaction is completed.
Durability
Ensures that the result or effect of a committed transaction
persists in case of a system failure.

7. Commit And Rollback
• Commit commits the current transaction, making its changes
permanent.
• If the computer crashes in the middle of a transaction, the
DBMS will rollback the database to the last completed
transaction

8. Autocommit
• The transaction can be control by setting autocommit.
• Set autocommit disables or enables the default autocommit
mode for the current session.
• You can disable the autocommit mode implicitly for a single
series of statements by using the start transaction statement.
Set autocommit=0|1

9. Representation of operation of a transaction

10. Example
Pk_int_user_id Vchr_user_name Int_age Vchr_address
1 alex 24 calicut
2 john 35 cochin
Fk_int_user_id Vchr_user_name Vchr_password
1 alex alex012
2 john john012
Table tbl_user
Table tbl_login

11. delimiter //
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_insertvalue()
BEGIN
DECLARE int_a int DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE int_b int DEFAULT 0;
START TRANSACTION;
INSERT INTO
tbl_user(vchr_user_name,int_age,vchr_address)VALUES('mery',25,'calicut');
set int_a = last_insert_id();
INSERT INTO tbl_login VALUE(int_a,'mery','mery012');
set int_b=last_insert_id();
if int_a>0 && int_b>0
then
commit;
else
rollback;
end if;
end //
delimiter ;

12. Pk_int_user_id Vchr_user_name Int_age Vchr_address
1 alex 24 calicut
2 john 35 cochin
3 mery 25 calicut
Fk_int_user_id Vchr_user_name Vchr_password
1 alex alex012
2 john john012
3 mery mery012
Table tbl_user
Table tbl_login

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